比较经典的算法问题,能够很好的体现动态规划的实现,以一点“画龙点睛” 大大精简了算法复杂度,且实现简单。本文中实现了4种:
一般 maxSubSequenceSum0 O(n^3)
简单优化过的算法 maxSubSequenceSum1 O(n^2)
分治法优化的算法 maxSubSequenceSum2 O(n*log(n))
动态规划的算法 maxSubSequenceSum3 O(n)
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PS:这是最近的一次面试中的一道分析题目,给出了本文中第二种算法,要求进行优化;由于时间段,且对本问题在先前并没多少了解,首先想到的是分治,很遗憾,归并条件想的不是很充分。
功 能: 在一个整数序列中求一个子序列,该子序列的和最大
输入说明: 首先输入整数序列的长度 length
接着输入该整数序列
输出说明: 输出子序列的起点和终点,并输出该子序列的和
事 例: (建议用管道测试)
输入文件 data.txt 内容如下:
8
12 -13 1 2 23 -14 55 -2
输出:
The subsequence from 2 to 6,max sum is 67 (序列从1开始算)
评 价: 这个题可以有几种算法:o(n^3),o(n^2),o(nlogn),o(n)
本程序使用o(n),这种求法几乎完美 !
语 言: 非标准 C 编译环境:VC ++ 6.0
Author : 江南孤峰 Time :2006--11--9
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <malloc.h>
int main(){
int *ip;
int j,length,max,sum;
int start1 = 0 ,start2 = 0;
printf("Please enter the array's length:");
scanf("%d",&length);
if((ip = (int*)malloc(length*sizeof(int)))==NULL){
fprintf(stderr,"Malloc memory failed !");
exit(1);
}
printf("Enter eath element:");
for(j = 0; j < length ; j ++)
scanf("%d",ip+j);
max = INT_MIN;
for(sum = j = 0; j < length; j ++){
sum += *(ip+j);
if(max < sum){
start1 = start2;
max = sum;
}
if(sum < 0){
start2 = j+1;
sum = 0;
}
}
for(j = start1,sum = 0; sum != max; j ++)
sum += *(ip+j);
printf(""nThe subsequence from %d to %d,max sum is %d"n",start1,j-1,max);
return 0;
}
// 下面是网友的题目,估计也是ACM题,和上面的题差不多,所以贴这里算了
现的问题是如果求环形整数串的最大连续和子串呢?
输入数据
本题有多组输入数据,你必须处理到EOF为止
每组数据的第一行有一个整数n, (1<=n<=1000000).第2行有n个整数,每个整数都在[-100,100]的范围内
输出数据
每组数据输出一个整数,表示环形整数串最大连续子串和。
输入样例
6
-2 3 0 1 -48 80
2
1 3
5
10 -2 -3 1 1
输出样例
82
4
12
分析:环行的 数组其实可以看做将该数组写两次,不过为了节约空间,在达到数组长度时我们可以绕到数组的起始,下面的代码就是这样。ACM的题目都强调速度,如果下面的程序不能通过,可以尝试后面那个,空间换时间。这里时间复杂度都是O(n^2)。
代码一:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <limits.h>
int main(){
int *ip;
int i,j,n,max,maxSave,sum;
while(scanf("%d",&n) != EOF){
if((ip = (int*)malloc(n*sizeof(int)))==NULL){
fprintf(stderr,"Malloc memory failed !");
exit(1);
}
for(j = 0; j < n ; j++)
scanf("%d",ip+j);
maxSave = INT_MIN;
for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
for(max = sum = *(ip+i),j = i+1;j != i; j++){
if(j == n){
j = -1;
continue;
}
sum += *(ip+j);
if(max < sum)
max = sum;
if(sum < 0)
sum = 0;
}
if(maxSave < max)
maxSave = max;
}
printf("%d"n",maxSave);
free(ip);
}
return 0;
}
代码二:
// 注意TC开不了这么大的数组
#include <stdio.h>
#include <limits.h>
int a[2000000];
int main(){
int i,j,n,max,maxSave,sum;
while(scanf("%d",&n) != EOF){
for(j = 0; j < n ; j++){
scanf("%d",&a[j]);
a[j+n] = a[j];
}
maxSave = INT_MIN;
for(i = 0; i < n; i++){
for(max = sum = 0,j = i;j < n+i; j++){
sum += a[j];
if(max < sum)
max = sum;
if(sum < 0)
sum = 0;
}
if(maxSave < max)
maxSave = max;
}
printf("%d"n",maxSave);
}
return 0;
}
2007 ---- 8 ----- 28 更新[来自湖大ACM]
[解题报告]:
作者:wation
解题思路:
首先考虑是否所有数据都不大于0,这种情况直接输出最大数(不证明),
然后,分别求出非环串的最大子段和和最小子段和以及和,
结果等于max(最大子段和,和-最小子段和);
证明:
设串s="s1,s2,...,sn"
构成最大子段和的串smax="si,si+1,...sk"
构成最小子段和的串smin="sj,sj+1,...sf"
首先证明smax和smin不存在公共子串。
证1:假设存在ssub="st,...sp"即属于smax,也属于smin;
首先假设ssub在smax中,必然存在smax-ssub<smax(smax-ssub表示smax中除掉ssub所构成的子串),
推出ssub>0(ssub的所有元素之和大于0)
同理假设ssub在smin中推出ssub<0;
从而推出矛盾,所以smax和smin不存在公共子串。
然后证明smax和smin要么相邻要么中间存在一个和为0的子串。
证明2:要证上述结论只要证得在smax和smin不相邻的情况下
假设存在nsub="sk+1,...,sf-1",使得nsub=0;
假设nsub>0,那么smax+nsub>smax,根据求解方法,smax必将扩充到sf-1;所以nsub<=0
同理推出nsub不能小于0;
所以推出nsub=0;
最后证明环串的最大子段和csmax=max(smax,s-smin);
证3:假设存在一个子串vsmax>csmax;
显然vsmax是两端两个子串的合并,否则必然有vsmax<=smax
设 vsmax="s1,...,sz"+"sx,...,sn"
那么sx一定>sf,因为如果假设sx<sf,即smin和vsmax存在公共子串,1已经证明不存在了;
再者sz一定小于si,如果sz>=si,根据求解方法vsmax必将继续扩展直到sz=sk,
因为"sf,...,sx"=0(2已经证得),所以有vsmax=s-smin;与假设矛盾。
a、假设csmax=smax,那么vsmax>smax,即"s1,...,sz"+"sx,...,sn">"si,si+1,...sk",
即s-smin-"sz+1,...,si-1"-smax>"si,si+1,...sk",
即s-smin-"sz+1,...,si-1"-smax>smax既-"sz+1,...,si-1"-smax>smax-(s-smin)>0,因为那么根据求解思路smin应该
="sz+1,...,sf",所以矛盾
b、假设csmax=s-smin,那么vsmax>s-smin,既s-smin-"sz+1,...,si-1"-smax>s-smin,即-"sz+1,...,si-1"-smax>0,
同理得出矛盾。
从证1,证2,证3得证结论环串最优解等于max(最大子段和,和-最小子段和);
至于求非环串最大最小子段和可以用dp算法。
下面是我根据上面思路写的代码:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
int n,i,amax,amin,submax,submin,sum,t;
for(;cin>>n;){
cin>>t;
sum = submin = amin = submax = amax = t;
for(i=1; i<n; i++){
cin>>t;
sum += t;
amax = amax>0 ? amax+t : t;
if(amax > submax)
submax = amax;
amin = amin<0 ? amin+t : t;
if(amin < submin)
submin = amin;
}
if(sum-submin > submax && sum!=submin)
cout<<(sum-submin)<<endl;
else
cout<<submax<<endl;
}
return 0;
}
Language : GNU C++ , Judge Result: Time Limit Exceeded
#include <stdio.h>
int main(){
int n,i,amax,amin,submax,submin,sum,t;
for(;scanf("%d",&n)!=EOF;){
scanf("%d",&t);
sum = submin = amin = submax = amax = t;
for(i=1; i<n; i++){
scanf("%d",&t);
sum += t;
amax = amax>0 ? amax+t : t;
if(amax > submax)
submax = amax;
amin = amin<0 ? amin+t : t;
if(amin < submin)
submin = amin;
}
if(sum-submin > submax && sum!=submin)
printf("%d"n",sum-submin);
else
printf("%d"n",submax);
}
return 0;
}