Delphi中对目录拷贝、删除和搬移的操作

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笔者在工作中遇到了需要对目录进行拷贝、删除和搬移的需求，Delphi本身提供了一些目录操作函数，但只是针对空目录而言，对目录下带有子目录的情况，更是无能为力。利用Win32 API函数和结构，以及递归的程序设计思想，笔者实现了对任意目录进行拷贝、删除和搬移的功能(分别相当于DOS中的XCopy、DelTree和Move命令)。以下分别给出了实现代码：

　　 1、拷贝目录

　　为了能拷贝目录下带有子目录的情况，先定义一个辅助的拷贝函数，它是递归执行的，直到把目录下的所有文件和子目录都拷贝完。

　　 1.1拷贝目录的递归辅助函数：DoCopyDir

function DoCopyDir(sDirName:String;
sToDirName:String):Boolean;
var
hFindFile:Cardinal;
t,tfile:String;
sCurDir:String[255];
FindFileData:WIN32_FIND_DATA;
begin
//先保存当前目录
sCurDir:=GetCurrentDir;
ChDir(sDirName);
hFindFile:=FindFirstFile(*.*,FindFileData);
if hFindFile$#@60; $#@62;INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE then
begin
if not DirectoryExists(sToDirName) then
ForceDirectories(sToDirName);
repeat
tfile:=FindFileData.cFileName;
if (tfile=.) or (tfile=..) then
Continue;
if FindFileData.dwFileAttributes=
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY then
begin
t:=sToDirName+/+tfile;
if not DirectoryExists(t) then
ForceDirectories(t);
if sDirName[Length(sDirName)]$#@60; $#@62;/ then
DoCopyDir(sDirName+/+tfile,t)
else
DoCopyDir(sDirName+tfile,sToDirName+tfile);
end
else
begin
t:=sToDirName+/+tFile;
CopyFile(PChar(tfile),PChar(t),True);
end;
until FindNextFile(hFindFile,FindFileData)=false;
FindClose(hFindFile);
end
else
begin
ChDir(sCurDir);
result:=false;
exit;
end;
//回到原来的目录下
ChDir(sCurDir);
result:=true;
end;
　　 1.2拷贝目录的函数：CopyDir

function CopyDir(sDirName:String;
sToDirName:string):Boolean;
begin
if Length(sDirName)$#@60; =0 then
exit;
//拷贝...
Result:=DoCo ir(sDirName,sToDirName);
end;
　　 2、删除目录

　　删除目录与拷贝目录很类似，但为了能删除位于根目录下的一个空目录，需要在辅助函数中设置一个标志变量，即：如果删除的是空目录,则置bEmptyDir为True，这一句已经用深色框表示了。

　　 2.1删除目录的递归辅助函数：DoRemoveDir

function DoRemoveDir(sDirName:String):Boolean;
var
hFindFile:Cardinal;
tfile:String;
sCurDir:String;
bEmptyDir:Boolean;
FindFileData:WIN32_FIND_DATA;
begin
//如果删除的是空目录,则置bEmptyDir为True
//初始时,bEmptyDir为True
bEmptyDir:=True;
//先保存当前目录
sCurDir:=GetCurrentDir;
SetLength(sCurDir,Length(sCurDir));
ChDir(sDirName);
hFindFile:=FindFirstFile(*.*,FindFileData);
if hFindFile$#@60; $#@62;INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE then
begin
repeat
tfile:=FindFileData.cFileName;
if (tfile=.) or (tfile=..) then
begin
bEmptyDir:=bEmptyDir and True;
Continue;
end;
//不是空目录,置bEmptyDir为False
bEmptyDir:=False;
if FindFileData.dwFileAttributes=
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY then
begin
if sDirName[Length(sDirName)]$#@60; $#@62;/ then
DoRemoveDir(sDirName+/+tfile)
else
DoRemoveDir(sDirName+tfile);
if not RemoveDirectory(PChar(tfile)) then
result:=false
else
result:=true;
end
else
begin
if not DeleteFile(PChar(tfile)) then
result:=false
else
result:=true;
end;
until FindNextFile(hFindFile,FindFileData)=false;
FindClose(hFindFile);
end
else
begin
ChDir(sCurDir);
result:=false;
exit;
end;
//如果是空目录,则删除该空目录
if bEmptyDir then
begin
//返回上一级目录
ChDir(..);
//删除空目录
RemoveDirectory(PChar(sDirName));
end;

//回到原来的目录下
ChDir(sCurDir);
result:=true;
end;
　　 2.2删除目录的函数：DeleteDir

function DeleteDir(sDirName:String):Boolean;
begin
if Length(sDirName)$#@60; =0 then
exit;
//删除...
Result:=DoRemoveDir(sDirName) and RemoveDir(sDirName);
end;
　　 3、移动目录

　　有了拷贝目录和删除目录的函数，移动目录就变得很简单，只需顺序调用前两个函数即可：

function MoveDir(sDirName:String;
sToDirName:string):Boolean;
begin
if CopyDir(sDirName,sToDirName) then
if RemoveDir(sDirName) then
result:=True
else
result:=false;
end;

还有一个API函数

SHFileOperation 9x系统不能用　但是非常方便

[Now Supported on Windows NT]

Performs a copy, move, rename, or delete operation on a file system object.

WINSHELLAPI int WINAPI SHFileOperation(

    LPSHFILEOPSTRUCT lpFileOp
   );

Parameters

lpFileOp

Pointer to an SHFILEOPSTRUCT structure that contains information the function needs to carry out the operation.

Return Values

Returns zero if successful or nonzero if an error occurs.

See Also

SHFILEOPSTRUCT ::

Contains information that the SHFileOperation function uses to perform file operations.

typedef struct _SHFILEOPSTRUCT { // shfos
    HWND         hwnd;
    UINT         wFunc;
    LPCSTR       pFrom;
    LPCSTR       pTo;
    FILEOP_FLAGS fFlags;
    BOOL         fAnyOperationsAborted;
    LPVOID       hNameMappings;
    LPCSTR       lpszProgressTitle;
} SHFILEOPSTRUCT, FAR *LPSHFILEOPSTRUCT;

Members

hwnd

Handle of the dialog box to use to display information about the status of the operation.

wFunc

Operation to perform. This member can be one of the following values:

FO_COPY Copies the files specified by pFrom to the location specified by pTo.
FO_DELETE Deletes the files specified by pFrom (pTo is ignored).
FO_MOVE Moves the files specified by pFrom to the location specified by pTo.
FO_RENAME Renames the files specified by pFrom.

pFrom

Pointer to a buffer that specifies one or more source file names. Multiple names must be null-separated. The list of names must be double null-terminated.

pTo

Pointer to a buffer that contains the name of the destination file or directory. The buffer can contain mutiple destination file names if the fFlags member specifies FOF_MULTIDESTFILES. Multiple names must be null-separated. The list of names must be double null-terminated.

fFlags

Flags that control the file operation. This member can be a combination of the following values:

FOF_ALLOWUNDO Preserves undo information, if possible.
FOF_CONFIRMMOUSE Not implemented.
FOF_FILESONLY Performs the operation only on files if a wildcard filename (*.*) is specified.
FOF_MULTIDESTFILES Indicates that the pTo member specifies multiple destination files (one for each source file) rather than one directory where all source files are to be deposited.
FOF_NOCONFIRMATION Responds with "yes to all" for any dialog box that is displayed.
FOF_NOCONFIRMMKDIR Does not confirm the creation of a new directory if the operation requires one to be created.
FOF_RENAMEONCOLLISION Gives the file being operated on a new name (such as "Copy #1 of...") in a move, copy, or rename operation if a file of the target name already exists.
FOF_SILENT Does not display a progress dialog box.
FOF_SIMPLEPROGRESS Displays a progress dialog box, but does not show the filenames.
FOF_WANTMAPPINGHANDLE Fills in the hNameMappings member. The handle must be freed by using the SHFreeNameMappings function.

fAnyOperationsAborted

Value that receives TRUE if the user aborted any file operations before they were completed or FALSE otherwise.

hNameMappings

Handle of a filename mapping object that contains an array of SHNAMEMAPPING structures. Each structure contains the old and new path names for each file that was moved, copied, or renamed. This member is used only if fFlags includes FOF_WANTMAPPINGHANDLE.

lpszProgressTitle

Pointer to a string to use as the title for a progress dialog box. This member is used only if fFlags includes FOF_SIMPLEPROGRESS.

Remarks

If pFrom or pTo are unqualified names, the current directories are taken from the global current drive and directory settings as managed by the GetCurrentDirectory and SetCurrentDirectory functions.