Android_动态权限管理的解决方案

Android_动态权限管理的解决方案

2016年01月08日 12:06:42

阅读数：20680

本博文为子墨原创，转载请注明出处！

http://blog.csdn.net/zimo2013/article/details/50478201

 

？？？？ ContextCompat/ActivityCompat 有什么区别？？？？？？

1.前言

(1).由于MIUI等部分国产定制系统也有权限管理，没有相关api，故无法判断用户是否允许获取联系人等隐私。在Android 6.0之后，新增权限管理可以通过官方api判断用户的运行状态；

(2).我们指定targetSdkVersion为23或者之后我们还需要在运行时请求这些所需的权限。这很重要，因为已经出现了很多开发者把targetSdkVersion飙到了最新，然后发现自己的app疯狂的崩溃，这是由于他们没有实现执行运行时权限请求的代码。当你已经把一个targeting API 为23或者之后的app发布到了Google Play上，这更是一个问题，你无法立即把那个apk的targeting API替换成更早的版本。

 

2.权限分析

从Android6.0开始，权限分为普通权限和许可权限。许可权限分类归组，一个权限授权之后，该组下的权限均可使用。

(1)普通权限

 

只需要在xml申请即可，使用方法和之前6.0以前的一样。在应用安装应用时，会默认获得许可。

 

(2)许可权限

 

可执行 $adb shell pm list permissions -d -g

 

Permission Group	Permissions
android.permission-group.CALENDAR	android.permission.READ_CALENDAR android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR
android.permission-group.CAMERA	android.permission.CAMERA
android.permission-group.CONTACTS	android.permission.READ_CONTACTS android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
android.permission-group.LOCATION	android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
android.permission-group.MICROPHONE	android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
android.permission-group.PHONE	android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE android.permission.CALL_PHONE android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL android.permission.USE_SIP android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
android.permission-group.SENSORS	android.permission.BODY_SENSORS
android.permission-group.SMS	android.permission.SEND_SMS android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS android.permission.READ_SMS android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS
android.permission-group.STORAGE	android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

同一组的任何一个权限被授权了，其他权限也自动被授权。例如，一旦WRITE_CONTACTS被授权了，app也有READ_CONTACTS和GET_ACCOUNTS了。
源码中被用来检查和请求权限的方法分别是Activity的checkSelfPermission和requestPermissions，这些方法api23引入。

 

3.相关方法

(1).ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission()

检查应用是否拥有该权限，被授权返回值为PERMISSION_GRANTED，否则返回PERMISSION_DENIED

(2).ActivityCompat.requestPermissions()

将弹出请求授权对话框，这个方法在M之前版本调用，OnRequestPermissionsResultCallback 直接被调用，带着正确的 PERMISSION_GRANTED或者 PERMISSION_DENIED 。

(3).AppCompatActivity.onRequestPermissionsResult()

该方法类似于Activity的OnActivityResult()的回调方法，主要接收请求授权的返回值

1. //版本判断

2. if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {

3. //减少是否拥有权限

4. int checkCallPhonePermission = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(getApplicationContext(), permission);

5. if (checkCallPhonePermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

6. //弹出对话框接收权限

7. ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(BaseActivity.this, new String[]{permission}, id);

8. return;

9. }

1. @Override

2. public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {

3. super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);

4.  

5. if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

6. //TODO:已授权

7. } else {

8. //TODO:用户拒绝

9. }

10. }

 

4.封装

 

 

1. public class BaseActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

2. private Map<Integer, Runnable> allowablePermissionRunnables = new HashMap<>();

3. private Map<Integer, Runnable> disallowablePermissionRunnables = new HashMap<>();

4.  

5. @Override

6. protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

7. super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

8. }

9.  

10. /**

11. * 请求权限

12. * @param id 请求授权的id 唯一标识即可

13. * @param permission 请求的权限

14. * @param allowableRunnable 同意授权后的操作

15. * @param disallowableRunnable 禁止权限后的操作

16. */

17. protected void requestPermission(int id, String permission, Runnable allowableRunnable, Runnable disallowableRunnable) {

18. if (allowableRunnable == null) {

19. throw new IllegalArgumentException("allowableRunnable == null");

20. }

21.  

22. allowablePermissionRunnables.put(id, allowableRunnable);

23. if (disallowableRunnable != null) {

24. disallowablePermissionRunnables.put(id, disallowableRunnable);

25. }

26.  

27. //版本判断

28. if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {

29. //减少是否拥有权限

30. int checkCallPhonePermission = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(getApplicationContext(), permission);

31. if (checkCallPhonePermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

32. //弹出对话框接收权限

33. ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(BaseActivity.this, new String[]{permission}, id);

34. return;

35. } else {

36. allowableRunnable.run();

37. }

38. } else {

39. allowableRunnable.run();

40. }

41. }

42.  

43. @Override

44. public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {

45. super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);

46.  

47. if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

48. Runnable allowRun = allowablePermissionRunnables.get(requestCode);

49. allowRun.run();

50. } else {

51. Runnable disallowRun = disallowablePermissionRunnables.get(requestCode);

52. disallowRun.run();

53. }

54. }

55. }

1. public class MainActivity extends BaseActivity implements View.OnClickListener{

2. private Button btCallPhone;

3. private Button btContact;

4.  

5. @Override

6. protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

7. super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

8. setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

9.  

10. btCallPhone = (Button) findViewById(R.id.call_phone);

11. btContact = (Button) findViewById(R.id.contact);

12.  

13. btCallPhone.setOnClickListener(this);

14. btContact.setOnClickListener(this);

15. }

16.  

17. @Override

18. public void onClick(View v) {

19. if(v == btCallPhone){

20. //拨打电话

21. requestPermission(1, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE, new Runnable() {

22. @Override

23. public void run() {

24. callPhone();

25. }

26. }, new Runnable() {

27. @Override

28. public void run() {

29. callPhoneDenied();

30. }

31. });

32. }else if(v == btContact){

33. //读取联系人信息

34. requestPermission(2, Manifest.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS, new Runnable() {

35. @Override

36. public void run() {

37. readContact();

38. }

39. }, new Runnable() {

40. @Override

41. public void run() {

42. readContactDenied();

43. }

44. });

45. }

46. }

47.  

48. private void callPhone() {

49. Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "CALL_PHONE OK", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)

50. .show();

51. }

52.  

53. private void callPhoneDenied() {

54. Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "CALL_PHONE Denied", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)

55. .show();

56. }

57.  

58. private void readContact() {

59. ContentResolver cr = getContentResolver();

60. String str[] = {ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTACT_ID, ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.DISPLAY_NAME, ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER,

61. ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.PHOTO_ID};

62. Cursor cur = cr.query(

63. ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI, str, null,

64. null, null);

65. int count = cur.getCount();

66. cur.close();

67.  

68. Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, String.format("发现%s条", count), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)

69. .show();

70. }

71.  

72. private void readContactDenied() {

73. Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Contact Denied", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)

74. .show();

75. }

76. }