本文主要参考的是Android文档里的Camera讲解。
如果想建立一个简单的Camera应用程序应该遵循以下的步骤:
检查和访问Camera - 检查是否存在支持的硬件和请求访问相机。
建立一个预览的类Class - 建立一个预览的类,该类是继承与SurfaceView,并且实现SurfaceHolder的接口。这个类主要是用来实时预览Camera的图像。
创建一个预览布局 - 预览类创建好后,需要再创建一个视图布局(view layout)。
设置监听和捕获图片 - 监听用户拍照或者摄像。
拍照和保存图片 - 编码实现拍照并保存所拍的图片。
释放相机 - 使用完相机后,你的应用程序一定要释放Camera。
一 检测Camera的硬件支持
检测硬件是否支持Camera,代码如下:
/** Check if this device has a camera */ private boolean checkCameraHardware(Context context) { if (context.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_CAMERA)){ // this device has a camera return true; } else { // no camera on this device return false; } }
二 访问Camera
使用Camera.open()方法来访问主Camera,使用该方法也要捕获异常,代码如下:
/** A safe way to get an instance of the Camera object. */ public static Camera getCameraInstance(){ Camera c = null; try { c = Camera.open(); // attempt to get a Camera instance } catch (Exception e){ // Camera is not available (in use or does not exist) } return c; // returns null if camera is unavailable }
三 获取相机有哪些特性
当访问相机成功时,可以使用函数Camera.getParameters()方法来获取该相机的详细特性,该方法返回值是Camera.Parameters
。
四 建立一个预览类
下面的代码是如何创建一个基本的相机预览类。该类要实现SurfaceHolder.Callback。
/** A basic Camera preview class */ public class CameraPreview extends SurfaceView implements SurfaceHolder.Callback { private SurfaceHolder mHolder; private Camera mCamera; public CameraPreview(Context context, Camera camera) { super(context); mCamera = camera; // Install a SurfaceHolder.Callback so we get notified when the // underlying surface is created and destroyed. mHolder = getHolder(); mHolder.addCallback(this); // deprecated setting, but required on Android versions prior to 3.0 mHolder.setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS); } public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) { // The Surface has been created, now tell the camera where to draw the preview. try { mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(holder); mCamera.startPreview(); } catch (IOException e) { Log.d(TAG, "Error setting camera preview: " + e.getMessage()); } } public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) { // empty. Take care of releasing the Camera preview in your activity. } public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int w, int h) { // If your preview can change or rotate, take care of those events here. // Make sure to stop the preview before resizing or reformatting it. if (mHolder.getSurface() == null){ // preview surface does not exist return; } // stop preview before making changes try { mCamera.stopPreview(); } catch (Exception e){ // ignore: tried to stop a non-existent preview } // set preview size and make any resize, rotate or // reformatting changes here // start preview with new settings try { mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(mHolder); mCamera.startPreview(); } catch (Exception e){ Log.d(TAG, "Error starting camera preview: " + e.getMessage()); } } }
五 建立一个预览布局
预览的布局代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="horizontal" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <FrameLayout android:id="@+id/camera_preview" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:layout_weight="1" /> <Button android:id="@+id/button_capture" android:text="Capture" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_gravity="center" /> </LinearLayout>
大多数的设备默认的水平方向都是竖屏的,在manifest下修改代码如下:
<activity android:name=".CameraActivity" android:label="@string/app_name" android:screenOrientation="landscape"> <!-- configure this activity to use landscape orientation --> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity>
在应用的相机视图里,用元素FrameLayout来使用预览类。当应用暂停或者关闭后一定要释放camera。下面的例子就是显示如何创建一个预览类。
public class CameraActivity extends Activity { private Camera mCamera; private CameraPreview mPreview; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); // Create an instance of Camera mCamera = getCameraInstance(); // Create our Preview view and set it as the content of our activity. mPreview = new CameraPreview(this, mCamera); FrameLayout preview = (FrameLayout) findViewById(R.id.camera_preview); preview.addView(mPreview); } }
六 拍照 (Capturing pictures)
使用函数Camera.takePicture()来捕获图片。为了能得到JPEG格式的数据,要实现Camera.PictureCallback接口来保存图片文件。保存图片的文件代码如下:
private PictureCallback mPicture = new PictureCallback() { @Override public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) { File pictureFile = getOutputMediaFile(MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE); if (pictureFile == null){ Log.d(TAG, "Error creating media file, check storage permissions: " + e.getMessage()); return; } try { FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(pictureFile); fos.write(data); fos.close(); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { Log.d(TAG, "File not found: " + e.getMessage()); } catch (IOException e) { Log.d(TAG, "Error accessing file: " + e.getMessage()); } } };
通过调用Camera.takePicture()方法来捕获图片。下面的示例代码显示的是如何按钮View.OnClickListener来调用该方法:
// Add a listener to the Capture button Button captureButton = (Button) findViewById(id.button_capture); captureButton.setOnClickListener( new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { // get an image from the camera mCamera.takePicture(null, null, mPicture); } } );
代码:http://download.csdn.net/detail/yegucheng2618/7631737