正则表达式的语法

字符匹配

字符匹配 正则表达式的关键之处在于确定你要搜索匹配的东西，如果没有这一概念，Res将毫无用处。 每一个表达式都包含需要查找的指令，如表A所示。 Table A: Character-matching regular expressions 操作 解释 例子 结果 . Match any one character grep .ord sample.txt Will match “ford”, “lord”, “2ord”, etc. in the file sample.txt. [ ] Match any one character listed between the brackets grep [cng]ord sample.txt Will match only “cord”, “nord”, and “gord” [^ ] Match any one character not listed between the brackets grep [^cn]ord sample.txt Will match “lord”, “2ord”, etc. but not “cord” or “nord” grep [a-zA-Z]ord sample.txt Will match “aord”, “bord”, “Aord”, “Bord”, etc. grep [^0-9]ord sample.txt Will match “Aord”, “aord”, etc. but not “2ord”, etc.

重复操作符

重复操作符，或数量词，都描述了查找一个特定字符的次数。它们常被用于字符匹配语法以查找多行的字符，可参见表B。

Table B: Regular expression repetition operators
操作	解释	例子	结果
?	Match any character one time, if it exists	egrep “?erd” sample.txt	Will match “berd”, “herd”, etc. and “erd”
*	Match declared element multiple times, if it exists	egrep “n.*rd” sample.txt	Will match “nerd”, “nrd”, “neard”, etc.
+	Match declared element one or more times	egrep “[n]+erd” sample.txt	Will match “nerd”, “nnerd”, etc., but not “erd”
{n}	Match declared element exactly n times	egrep “[a-z]{2}erd” sample.txt	Will match “cherd”, “blerd”, etc. but not “nerd”, “erd”, “buzzerd”, etc.
{n,}	Match declared element at least n times	egrep “.{2,}erd” sample.txt	Will match “cherd” and “buzzerd”, but not “nerd”
{n,N}	Match declared element at least n times, but not more than N times	egrep “n[e]{1,2}rd” sample.txt	Will match “nerd” and “neerd”