鸿蒙开发实战往期文章必看:
一分钟了解”纯血版!鸿蒙HarmonyOS Next应用开发!
“非常详细的” 鸿蒙HarmonyOS Next应用开发学习路线!(从零基础入门到精通)
“一杯冰美式的时间” 了解鸿蒙HarmonyOS Next应用开发路径!
创建ServiceAbility
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创建ServiceAbility。
通过DevEco Studio开发平台创建ServiceAbility时,DevEco Studio会默认生成onStart、onStop、onCommand方法,其他方法需要开发者自行实现,接口说明参见前述章节。开发者也可以添加其他Ability请求与ServiceAbility交互时的处理方法,示例如下:
import { Want } from '@kit.AbilityKit'; import { rpc } from '@kit.IPCKit'; import { hilog } from '@kit.PerformanceAnalysisKit'; const TAG: string = '[Sample_FAModelAbilityDevelop]'; const domain: number = 0xFF00; class FirstServiceAbilityStub extends rpc.RemoteObject { constructor(des: Object) { if (typeof des === 'string') { super(des); } else { return; } } onRemoteRequest(code: number, data: rpc.MessageParcel, reply: rpc.MessageParcel, option: rpc.MessageOption): boolean { hilog.info(domain, TAG, 'ServiceAbility onRemoteRequest called'); if (code === 1) { let string = data.readString(); hilog.info(domain, TAG, `ServiceAbility string=${string}`); let result = Array.from(string).sort().join(''); hilog.info(domain, TAG, `ServiceAbility result=${result}`); reply.writeString(result); } else { hilog.info(domain, TAG, 'ServiceAbility unknown request code'); } return true; } } class ServiceAbility { onStart(): void { hilog.info(domain, TAG, 'ServiceAbility onStart'); } onStop(): void { hilog.info(domain, TAG, 'ServiceAbility onStop'); } onCommand(want: Want, startId: number): void { hilog.info(domain, TAG, 'ServiceAbility onCommand'); } onConnect(want: Want): rpc.RemoteObject { hilog.info(domain, TAG, 'ServiceAbility onDisconnect' + want); return new FirstServiceAbilityStub('test'); } onDisconnect(want: Want): void { hilog.info(domain, TAG, 'ServiceAbility onDisconnect' + want); } } export default new ServiceAbility();
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注册ServiceAbility。
ServiceAbility需要在应用配置文件config.json中进行注册,注册类型type需要设置为service。"visible"属性表示ServiceAbility是否可以被其他应用调用,true表示可以被其他应用调用,false表示不能被其他应用调用(仅应用内可以调用)。若ServiceAbility需要被其他应用调用,注册ServiceAbility时需要设置"visible"为true,同时需要设置支持关联启动。
{ ... "module": { ... "abilities": [ ... { "name": ".ServiceAbility", "srcLanguage": "ets", "srcPath": "ServiceAbility", "icon": "$media:icon", "description": "$string:ServiceAbility_desc", "type": "service", "visible": true }, ... ] ... } }
启动ServiceAbility
ServiceAbility的启动与其他Ability并无区别,应用开发者可以在PageAbility中通过featureAbility的startAbility接口拉起ServiceAbility,在ServiceAbility中通过particleAbility的startAbility接口拉起ServiceAbility。ServiceAbility的启动规则详见组件启动规则章节。
如下示例展示了在PageAbility中通过startAbility启动bundleName为"com.example.myapplication",abilityName为"ServiceAbility"的ServiceAbility的方法。启动FA模型的ServiceAbility时,需要在abilityName前拼接bundleName字符串。
import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility';
import Want from '@ohos.app.ability.Want';
import promptAction from '@ohos.promptAction';
import hilog from '@ohos.hilog';
const TAG: string = 'PageServiceAbility';
const domain: number = 0xFF00;
@Entry
@Component
struct PageServiceAbility {
async startServiceAbility(): Promise<void> {
try {
hilog.info(domain, TAG, 'Begin to start ability');
let want: Want = {
bundleName: 'com.samples.famodelabilitydevelop',
abilityName: 'com.samples.famodelabilitydevelop.ServiceAbility'
};
await featureAbility.startAbility({ want });
promptAction.showToast({
message: 'start_service_success_toast'
});
hilog.info(domain, TAG, `Start ability succeed`);
} catch (error) {
hilog.error(domain, TAG, 'Start ability failed with ' + error);
}
}
build() {
// ...
}
}
执行上述代码后,Ability将通过startAbility()方法来启动ServiceAbility。
-
如果ServiceAbility尚未运行,则系统会先调用onStart()来初始化ServiceAbility,再回调Service的onCommand()方法来启动ServiceAbility。
-
如果ServiceAbility正在运行,则系统会直接回调ServiceAbility的onCommand()方法来启动ServiceAbility。
连接ServiceAbility
如果ServiceAbility需要与PageAbility或其他应用的ServiceAbility进行交互,则须创建用于连接的Connection。ServiceAbility支持其他Ability通过connectAbility()方法与其进行连接。PageAbility的connectAbility()方法定义在featureAbility中,ServiceAbility的connectAbility()方法定义在particleAbility中。在使用connectAbility()处理回调时,需要传入目标Service的Want与IAbilityConnection的实例。IAbilityConnection提供了以下方法供开发者实现。
表1 IAbilityConnection接口说明
接口名 | 描述 |
---|---|
onConnect() | 用于处理连接Service成功的回调。 |
onDisconnect() | 用来处理Service异常死亡的回调。 |
onFailed() | 用来处理连接Service失败的回调。 |
PageAbility创建连接本地ServiceAbility回调实例的代码以及连接本地ServiceAbility的示例代码如下:
import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility';
import common from '@ohos.app.ability.common';
import Want from '@ohos.app.ability.Want';
import promptAction from '@ohos.promptAction';
import rpc from '@ohos.rpc';
import hilog from '@ohos.hilog'
const TAG: string = 'PageServiceAbility';
const domain: number = 0xFF00;
@Entry
@Component
struct PageServiceAbility {
//...
build() {
Column() {
//...
List({ initialIndex: 0 }) {
ListItem() {
Row() {
//...
}
.onClick(() => {
let option: common.ConnectOptions = {
onConnect: (element, proxy) => {
hilog.info(domain, TAG, `onConnectLocalService onConnectDone element:` + JSON.stringify(element));
if (proxy === null) {
promptAction.showToast({
message: 'connect_service_failed_toast'
});
return;
}
let data = rpc.MessageParcel.create();
let reply = rpc.MessageParcel.create();
let option = new rpc.MessageOption();
data.writeInterfaceToken('connect.test.token');
proxy.sendRequest(0, data, reply, option);
promptAction.showToast({
message: 'connect_service_success_toast'
});
},
onDisconnect: (element) => {
hilog.info(domain, TAG, `onConnectLocalService onDisconnectDone element:${element}`);
promptAction.showToast({
message: 'disconnect_service_success_toast'
});
},
onFailed: (code) => {
hilog.info(domain, TAG, `onConnectLocalService onFailed errCode:${code}`);
promptAction.showToast({
message: 'connect_service_failed_toast'
});
}
};
let request: Want = {
bundleName: 'com.samples.famodelabilitydevelop',
abilityName: 'com.samples.famodelabilitydevelop.ServiceAbility',
};
let connId = featureAbility.connectAbility(request, option);
hilog.info(domain, TAG, `onConnectLocalService onFailed errCode:${connId}`);
})
}
//...
}
//...
}
//...
}
}
同时,Service侧也需要在onConnect()时返回IRemoteObject,从而定义与Service进行通信的接口。onConnect()需要返回一个IRemoteObject对象。系统提供了IRemoteObject的默认实现,开发者可以通过继承rpc.RemoteObject来创建自定义的实现类。
Service侧把自身的实例返回给调用侧的示例代码如下:
import rpc from '@ohos.rpc';
import hilog from '@ohos.hilog';
const TAG: string = '[Sample_FAModelAbilityDevelop]';
const domain: number = 0xFF00;
class FirstServiceAbilityStub extends rpc.RemoteObject {
constructor(des: Object) {
if (typeof des === 'string') {
super(des);
} else {
return;
}
}
onRemoteRequest(code: number, data: rpc.MessageParcel, reply: rpc.MessageParcel, option: rpc.MessageOption): boolean {
hilog.info(domain, TAG, 'ServiceAbility onRemoteRequest called');
if (code === 1) {
let string = data.readString();
hilog.info(domain, TAG, `ServiceAbility string=${string}`);
let result = Array.from(string).sort().join('');
hilog.info(domain, TAG, `ServiceAbility result=${result}`);
reply.writeString(result);
} else {
hilog.info(domain, TAG, 'ServiceAbility unknown request code');
}
return true;
}
}
//...
最后
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