Python模块学习——logging

模块级函数

logging.getLogger([name]):返回一个logger对象,如果没有指定名字将返回root logger

logging.debug()、logging.info()、logging.warning()、logging.error()、logging.critical():设定root logger的日志级别

logging.basicConfig():用默认Formatter为日志系统建立一个StreamHandler,设置基础配置并加到root logger中

 

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import  logging
import  sys
 
LEVELS =  { 'debug' : logging.DEBUG,
           'info' : logging.INFO,
           'warning' : logging.WARNING,
           'error' : logging.ERROR,
           'critical' : logging.CRITICAL}
 
if  len (sys.argv) > 1 :
     level_name =  sys.argv[ 1 ]
     level =  LEVELS.get(level_name, logging.NOTSET)
     logging.basicConfig(level = level)
 
logging.debug( 'This is a debug message' )
logging.info( 'This is an info message' )
logging.warning( 'This is a warning message' )
logging.error( 'This is an error message' )
logging.critical( 'This is a critical error message' )

 

$ python logging_level_example.py debug
DEBUG:root:This is a debug message
INFO:root:This is an info message
WARNING:root:This is a warning message
ERROR:root:This is an error message
CRITICAL:root:This is a critical error message

$ python logging_level_example.py info
INFO:root:This is an info message
WARNING:root:This is a warning message
ERROR:root:This is an error message
CRITICAL:root:This is a critical error message

 

 

Loggers

Logger.setLevel(lel):指定最低的日志级别,低于lel的级别将被忽略。debug是最低的内置级别,critical为最高

Logger.addFilter(filt)、Logger.removeFilter(filt):添加或删除指定的filter

Logger.addHandler(hdlr)、Logger.removeHandler(hdlr):增加或删除指定的handler

Logger.debug()、Logger.info()、Logger.warning()、Logger.error()、Logger.critical():可以设置的日志级别

 

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import  logging
 
# create logger
logger =  logging.getLogger( "simple_example" )
logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
 
# create console handler and set level to debug
ch =  logging.StreamHandler()
ch.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
 
# create formatter
formatter =  logging.Formatter( "%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s" )
 
# add formatter to ch
ch.setFormatter(formatter)
 
# add ch to logger
logger.addHandler(ch)
 
# "application" code
logger.debug( "debug message" )
logger.info( "info message" )
logger.warn( "warn message" )
logger.error( "error message" )
logger.critical( "critical message" )

$ python simple_logging_module.py
2005-03-19 15:10:26,618 - simple_example - DEBUG - debug message
2005-03-19 15:10:26,620 - simple_example - INFO - info message
2005-03-19 15:10:26,695 - simple_example - WARNING - warn message
2005-03-19 15:10:26,697 - simple_example - ERROR - error message
2005-03-19 15:10:26,773 - simple_example - CRITICAL - critical message

 

Handlers

handler对象负责发送相关的信息到指定目的地。可以通过addHandler()方法添加多个多handler

Handler.setLevel(lel):指定被处理的信息级别,低于lel级别的信息将被忽略

Handler.setFormatter():给这个handler选择一个格式

Handler.addFilter(filt)、Handler.removeFilter(filt):新增或删除一个filter对象


Formatters

Formatter对象设置日志信息最后的规则、结构和内容,默认的时间格式为%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S,下面是Formatter常用的一些信息

%(name)s

Logger的名字

%(levelno)s

数字形式的日志级别

%(levelname)s

文本形式的日志级别

%(pathname)s

调用日志输出函数的模块的完整路径名,可能没有

%(filename)s

调用日志输出函数的模块的文件名

%(module)s

调用日志输出函数的模块名

%(funcName)s

调用日志输出函数的函数名

%(lineno)d

调用日志输出函数的语句所在的代码行

%(created)f

当前时间,用UNIX标准的表示时间的浮 点数表示

%(relativeCreated)d

输出日志信息时的,自Logger创建以 来的毫秒数

%(asctime)s

字符串形式的当前时间。默认格式是 “2003-07-08 16:49:45,896”。逗号后面的是毫秒

%(thread)d

线程ID。可能没有

%(threadName)s

线程名。可能没有

%(process)d

进程ID。可能没有

%(message)s

用户输出的消息


最后来个例子

 

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import  logging
 
# set up logging to file - see previous section for more details
logging.basicConfig(level = logging.DEBUG,
                     format = '%(asctime)s %(name)-12s %(levelname)-8s %(message)s' ,
                     datefmt = '%m-%d %H:%M' ,
                     filename = '/temp/myapp.log' ,
                     filemode = 'w' )
# define a Handler which writes INFO messages or higher to the sys.stderr
console =  logging.StreamHandler()
console.setLevel(logging.INFO)
# set a format which is simpler for console use
formatter =  logging.Formatter( '%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s' )
# tell the handler to use this format
console.setFormatter(formatter)
# add the handler to the root logger
logging.getLogger('').addHandler(console)
 
# Now, we can log to the root logger, or any other logger. First the root...
logging.info( 'Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz.' )
 
# Now, define a couple of other loggers which might represent areas in your
# application:
 
logger1 =  logging.getLogger( 'myapp.area1' )
logger2 =  logging.getLogger( 'myapp.area2' )
 
logger1.debug( 'Quick zephyrs blow, vexing daft Jim.' )
logger1.info( 'How quickly daft jumping zebras vex.' )
logger2.warning( 'Jail zesty vixen who grabbed pay from quack.' )
logger2.error( 'The five boxing wizards jump quickly.' )

运行后,在终端看到的结果

 

root        : INFO     Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz.
myapp.area1 : INFO     How quickly daft jumping zebras vex.
myapp.area2 : WARNING  Jail zesty vixen who grabbed pay from quack.
myapp.area2 : ERROR    The five boxing wizards jump quickly.

 

在日志文件中的结果

 

10-22 22:19 root         INFO     Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz.
10-22 22:19 myapp.area1  DEBUG    Quick zephyrs blow, vexing daft Jim.
10-22 22:19 myapp.area1  INFO     How quickly daft jumping zebras vex.
10-22 22:19 myapp.area2  WARNING  Jail zesty vixen who grabbed pay from quack.
10-22 22:19 myapp.area2  ERROR    The five boxing wizards jump quickly.

发现DEBUG信息只有在文件中出现,这是因为StreamHandler中setLevel是INFO,可以看出Logger.setLevel()和handler.setLevel()的区别

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