ffmpeg中的协议解析

协议的相关结构：

协议操作的顶层结构是AVIOContext，这个对象实现了带缓冲的读写操作；FFMPEG的输入对象AVFormatContext的pb字段指向一个AVIOContext。

AVIOContext的opaque实际指向一个URLContext对象，这个对象封装了协议对象及协议操作对象，其中prot指向具体的协议操作对象(如URLProtocol)，priv_data指向具体的协议对象(如HTTPContext或者FileContext)。

URLProtocol为协议操作对象，针对每种协议，会有一个这样的对象，每个协议操作对象和一个协议对象关联，比如，文件操作对象为ff_file_protocol，它关联的结构体是FileContext。http协议操作对象为ff_http_protocol,它的关联的结构体是HttpContext。

2.代码分析
2.1初始化AVIOContext函数调用关系
初始化AVIOFormat函数调用关系：

我们先从下面到上面来分析源码。先分析协议中具体实现以及URLProtocol以及URLContext。

URLProtocol是FFMPEG操作文件的结构(包括文件，网络数据流等等)，包括open、close、read、write、seek等操作。

在av_register_all()函数中，通过调用REGISTER_PROTOCOL()宏，所有的URLProtocol都保存在以first_protocol为链表头的链表中。

URLProtocol结构体的定义为：

typedef struct URLProtocol {
    const char *name;//协议的名称
    //各种协议对应的回调函数
    int     (*url_open)( URLContext *h, const char *url, int flags);
    /**
     * This callback is to be used by protocols which open further nested
     * protocols. options are then to be passed to ffurl_open()/ffurl_connect()
     * for those nested protocols.
     */
    int     (*url_open2)(URLContext *h, const char *url, int flags, AVDictionary **options);
    int     (*url_accept)(URLContext *s, URLContext **c);
    int     (*url_handshake)(URLContext *c);

    /**
     * Read data from the protocol.
     * If data is immediately available (even less than size), EOF is
     * reached or an error occurs (including EINTR), return immediately.
     * Otherwise:
     * In non-blocking mode, return AVERROR(EAGAIN) immediately.
     * In blocking mode, wait for data/EOF/error with a short timeout (0.1s),
     * and return AVERROR(EAGAIN) on timeout.
     * Checking interrupt_callback, looping on EINTR and EAGAIN and until
     * enough data has been read is left to the calling function; see
     * retry_transfer_wrapper in avio.c.
     */
    int     (*url_read)( URLContext *h, unsigned char *buf, int size);
    int     (*url_write)(URLContext *h, const unsigned char *buf, int size);
    int64_t (*url_seek)( URLContext *h, int64_t pos, int whence);
    int     (*url_close)(URLContext *h);
    int (*url_read_pause)(URLContext *h, int pause);
    int64_t (*url_read_seek)(URLContext *h, int stream_index,
                             int64_t timestamp, int flags);
    int (*url_get_file_handle)(URLContext *h);
    int (*url_get_multi_file_handle)(URLContext *h, int **handles,
                                     int *numhandles);
    int (*url_get_short_seek)(URLContext *h);
    int (*url_shutdown)(URLContext *h, int flags);
    int priv_data_size;
    const AVClass *priv_data_class;
    int flags;
    int (*url_check)(URLContext *h, int mask);
    int (*url_open_dir)(URLContext *h);
    int (*url_read_dir)(URLContext *h, AVIODirEntry **next);
    int (*url_close_dir)(URLContext *h);
    int (*url_delete)(URLContext *h);
    int (*url_move)(URLContext *h_src, URLContext *h_dst);
    const char *default_whitelist;//默认白名单
} URLProtocol;

 以HTTP协议为例，ff_http_protocol

const URLProtocol ff_http_protocol = {
    .name                = "http",
    .url_open2           = http_open,
    .url_accept          = http_accept,
    .url_handshake       = http_handshake,
    .url_read            = http_read,
    .url_write           = http_write,
    .url_seek            = http_seek,
    .url_close           = http_close,
    .url_get_file_handle = http_get_file_handle,
    .url_get_short_seek  = http_get_short_seek,
    .url_shutdown        = http_shutdown,
    .priv_data_size      = sizeof(HTTPContext),
    .priv_data_class     = &http_context_class,
    .flags               = URL_PROTOCOL_FLAG_NETWORK,
    .default_whitelist   = "http,https,tls,rtp,tcp,udp,crypto,httpproxy"
};

从中可以看出，.priv_data_size的值为sizeof(HTTPContext)，即ff_http_protocol和HttpContext相关联。HttpContext对象的定义为：

typedef struct HTTPContext {
    const AVClass *class;
    URLContext *hd;
    unsigned char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE], *buf_ptr, *buf_end;
    int line_count;
    int http_code;
    /** 
    如果使用Transfer-Encoding：chunked，也就是代表这个报文采用了分块编码，不然设置为-1
	Used if "Transfer-Encoding: chunked" otherwise -1. 
    分块编码：
    报文中的实体需要改为用一系列的分块来传输，每个分块包含十六进制的长度值和数据，
    长度值独占一行，长度不包括它结尾的 CRLF（\r\n），也不包括分块数据结尾的 CRLF。
    最后一个分块长度值必须为 0，对应的分块数据没有内容，表示实体结束
    如：服务端
    	sock.write('HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n');
        sock.write('Transfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n');
        sock.write('\r\n');
        sock.write('b\r\n');//指定长度值11
        sock.write('01234567890\r\n');//数据
        sock.write('5\r\n');//执行下面长度值5
        sock.write('12345\r\n');//数据
        sock.write('0\r\n');//最后一个分块是0
        sock.write('\r\n');
    **/
    uint64_t chunksize;
	//off  buf偏移   end_off->请求头：range的结尾值
    uint64_t off, end_off, filesize;
    char *location;
    HTTPAuthState auth_state;
    HTTPAuthState proxy_auth_state;
    char *http_proxy;
    char *headers;
    char *mime_type;
    char *user_agent;
#if FF_API_HTTP_USER_AGENT
    char *user_agent_deprecated;
#endif
    char *content_type;
    /* 
	如果服务器设置正确处理连接:关闭并将关闭，也就是处理了请求头中的Connetion
	如果Connection是close的话，处理完后断开连接。willclose设置1，在解析请求头中
	也就是这个变量代表Connection是否是close　　
    */
    int willclose;
    int seekable;           /**< Control seekability, 0 = disable, 1 = enable, -1 = probe. */
    int chunked_post;
    /* A flag which indicates if the end of chunked encoding has been sent. */
    int end_chunked_post;
    /* A flag which indicates we have finished to read POST reply. */
    int end_header;
    /* A flag which indicates if we use persistent connections. */
    int multiple_requests;
    uint8_t *post_data;
    int post_datalen;
    int is_akamai;
    int is_mediagateway;
    char *cookies;          ///< holds newline (\n) delimited Set-Cookie header field values (without the "Set-Cookie: " field name)
    /* A dictionary containing cookies keyed by cookie name */
    AVDictionary *cookie_dict;
    int icy;
    /* how much data was read since the last ICY metadata packet */
    uint64_t icy_data_read;
    /* after how many bytes of read data a new metadata packet will be found */
    uint64_t icy_metaint;
    char *icy_metadata_headers;
    char *icy_metadata_packet;
    AVDictionary *metadata;
#if CONFIG_ZLIB
    int compressed;//如果服务器返回客户端的内容正文压缩的话
    z_stream inflate_stream;
    uint8_t *inflate_buffer;
#endif /* CONFIG_ZLIB */
    AVDictionary *chained_options;
    int send_expect_100;
    char *method;
    int reconnect;
    int reconnect_at_eof;
    int reconnect_streamed;
    int reconnect_delay;
    int reconnect_delay_max;
    int listen;
    char *resource;
    int reply_code;
    int is_multi_client;
    HandshakeState handshake_step;
    int is_connected_server;
} HTTPContext;

返回去看ff_http_protocol里的函数指针，以url_read举例，它指向http_read函数，看一下这个函数。

/**
*流数据读取
**/
static int http_read(URLContext *h, uint8_t *buf, int size)
{
    HTTPContext *s = h->priv_data;//URLContext的priv_data指向HttpContext
    if (s->icy_metaint > 0) {
        size = store_icy(h, size);
        if (size < 0)
            return size;
    }

    size = http_read_stream(h, buf, size);
    if (size > 0)
        s->icy_data_read += size;
    return size;
}

从上面的分析中，我们知道了协议的具体实现以及URLProtocol以及URLContext结构之间的关系。

下面我们开始从上面到下面的流程来分析：avformat_open_input()函数调用init_input/utils.c/libavformat，最后调用到io_open()然后调用到io_open_default()/options.c/libavformat函数，然后调用到ffio_open_whitelist/aviobuf.c,下面看一下这个函数。

/**
* 按照协议名单打开协议，并初始化一个AVIOContext并赋值
**/
int ffio_open_whitelist(AVIOContext **s, const char *filename, int flags,
                         const AVIOInterruptCB *int_cb, AVDictionary **options,
                         const char *whitelist, const char *blacklist
                        )
{
    URLContext *h;
    int err;
    //调用avio.c中的按照白名单打开协议
    //申请协议空间与协议查找以及建立连接（调用协议中open函数，如http_open)
    //调用ffurl_open()申请创建了一个URLContext对象并打开了文件（也就是建立连接等）
    err = ffurl_open_whitelist(&h, filename, flags, int_cb, options, whitelist, blacklist, NULL);
    if (err < 0)
        return err;
	//调用ffio_fdopen()申请一个AVIOContext对象并赋初值(部分初值来自ffurl_open_whitelist中创建的URLContext)
    err = ffio_fdopen(s, h);
    if (err < 0) {//创建失败了，关闭URLContext
        ffurl_close(h);
        return err;
    }
    return 0;
}

这个函数调用ffurl_open_whitelist来创建一个URLContext，申请协议内存以及查找协议，同时建立连接，调用ffio_fdopen函数来申请一个AVIOContext对象并赋初值。
从这里我们先从ffurl_open_whitelist/avio.c函数开始看

/**
*按照白名单打开协议
*申请协议空间与协议查找以及建立连接（调用协议中open函数，如http_open)
**/
int ffurl_open_whitelist(URLContext **puc, const char *filename, int flags,
                         const AVIOInterruptCB *int_cb, AVDictionary **options,
                         const char *whitelist, const char* blacklist,
                         URLContext *parent)
{
    AVDictionary *tmp_opts = NULL;
    AVDictionaryEntry *e;
	//协议内存申请以及查找filename中对应的协议
    int ret = ffurl_alloc(puc, filename, flags, int_cb);
    if (ret < 0)
        return ret;
    if (parent)//传递过来的是NULL
        av_opt_copy(*puc, parent);
    if (options &&
        (ret = av_opt_set_dict(*puc, options)) < 0)
        goto fail;
    if (options && (*puc)->prot->priv_data_class &&
        (ret = av_opt_set_dict((*puc)->priv_data, options)) < 0)
        goto fail;

    if (!options)
        options = &tmp_opts;

    av_assert0(!whitelist ||
               !(e=av_dict_get(*options, "protocol_whitelist", NULL, 0)) ||
               !strcmp(whitelist, e->value));
    av_assert0(!blacklist ||
               !(e=av_dict_get(*options, "protocol_blacklist", NULL, 0)) ||
               !strcmp(blacklist, e->value));

    if ((ret = av_dict_set(options, "protocol_whitelist", whitelist, 0)) < 0)
        goto fail;

    if ((ret = av_dict_set(options, "protocol_blacklist", blacklist, 0)) < 0)
        goto fail;

    if ((ret = av_opt_set_dict(*puc, options)) < 0)
        goto fail;
//建立连接，打开协议（如，调http_open函数）
    ret = ffurl_connect(*puc, options);

    if (!ret)
        return 0;
fail:
    ffurl_close(*puc);
    *puc = NULL;
    return ret;
}

跟踪ffurl_alloc/avio.c函数，这里主要是协议内存申请以及查找filename中对应的协议。

/**
*协议空间申请与协议查找
**/
int ffurl_alloc(URLContext **puc, const char *filename, int flags,
                const AVIOInterruptCB *int_cb)
{
    const URLProtocol *p = NULL;
	//查找协议
    p = url_find_protocol(filename);
    if (p)//如果找到协议
       return url_alloc_for_protocol(puc, p, filename, flags, int_cb);

    *puc = NULL;//如果没有找到，协议不可用
    if (av_strstart(filename, "https:", NULL))//如果文件名开头为https，ffmpeg目前不支持https协议，需要自己移植SSL
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_WARNING, "https protocol not found, recompile FFmpeg with "
                                     "openssl, gnutls "
                                     "or securetransport enabled.\n");
    return AVERROR_PROTOCOL_NOT_FOUND;
}

下面看下ffurl_connect/avio.c函数，这里主要是建立连接，打开协议（如，调http_open函数）

/**
*建立连接，打开协议
**/
int ffurl_connect(URLContext *uc, AVDictionary **options)
{
    int err;
    AVDictionary *tmp_opts = NULL;
    AVDictionaryEntry *e;

    if (!options)
        options = &tmp_opts;
	//黑名单，白名单检测
    // Check that URLContext was initialized correctly and lists are matching if set
    av_assert0(!(e=av_dict_get(*options, "protocol_whitelist", NULL, 0)) ||
               (uc->protocol_whitelist && !strcmp(uc->protocol_whitelist, e->value)));
    av_assert0(!(e=av_dict_get(*options, "protocol_blacklist", NULL, 0)) ||
               (uc->protocol_blacklist && !strcmp(uc->protocol_blacklist, e->value)));

    if (uc->protocol_whitelist && av_match_list(uc->prot->name, uc->protocol_whitelist, ',') <= 0) {
        av_log(uc, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Protocol '%s' not on whitelist '%s'!\n", uc->prot->name, uc->protocol_whitelist);
        return AVERROR(EINVAL);
    }

    if (uc->protocol_blacklist && av_match_list(uc->prot->name, uc->protocol_blacklist, ',') > 0) {
        av_log(uc, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Protocol '%s' on blacklist '%s'!\n", uc->prot->name, uc->protocol_blacklist);
        return AVERROR(EINVAL);
    }

    if (!uc->protocol_whitelist && uc->prot->default_whitelist) {
        av_log(uc, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Setting default whitelist '%s'\n", uc->prot->default_whitelist);
        uc->protocol_whitelist = av_strdup(uc->prot->default_whitelist);
        if (!uc->protocol_whitelist) {
            return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
        }
    } else if (!uc->protocol_whitelist)
        av_log(uc, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "No default whitelist set\n"); // This should be an error once all declare a default whitelist

    if ((err = av_dict_set(options, "protocol_whitelist", uc->protocol_whitelist, 0)) < 0)
        return err;
    if ((err = av_dict_set(options, "protocol_blacklist", uc->protocol_blacklist, 0)) < 0)
        return err;
	//调用port->url_open（也就是协议中的open函数，如http_open,打开了协议
    err =
        uc->prot->url_open2 ? uc->prot->url_open2(uc,
                                                  uc->filename,
                                                  uc->flags,
                                                  options) :
        uc->prot->url_open(uc, uc->filename, uc->flags);

    av_dict_set(options, "protocol_whitelist", NULL, 0);
    av_dict_set(options, "protocol_blacklist", NULL, 0);

    if (err)//如果协议打开失败了，如http_open打开失败了，直接返回err
        return err;
    uc->is_connected = 1;//设置is_conneced为true，设置协议已经建立连接
    /* We must be careful here as ffurl_seek() could be slow,
     * for example for http */
    if ((uc->flags & AVIO_FLAG_WRITE) || !strcmp(uc->prot->name, "file"))
        if (!uc->is_streamed && ffurl_seek(uc, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0)
            uc->is_streamed = 1;
    return 0;
}

我们回到ffio_open_whitelist继续从ffio_fdopen函数开始看，这里主要是申请一个AVIOContext对象并赋初值(部分初值来自ffurl_open_whitelist中创建的URLContext)。

/**
*申请一个AVIOContext对象并赋值
*/
int ffio_fdopen(AVIOContext **s, URLContext *h)
{
    AVIOInternal *internal = NULL;
    uint8_t *buffer = NULL;
    int buffer_size, max_packet_size;

    max_packet_size = h->max_packet_size;
    if (max_packet_size) {
        buffer_size = max_packet_size; /* no need to bufferize more than one packet */
    } else {
        buffer_size = IO_BUFFER_SIZE;
    }
	//申请了一个读写缓冲buffer(结合文件协议，buffer大小为IO_BUFFER_SIZE)
    buffer = av_malloc(buffer_size);//buffer_size的值取自哪里？
    if (!buffer)
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);

    internal = av_mallocz(sizeof(*internal));
    if (!internal)
        goto fail;

    internal->h = h;
    //对AVIOContext赋值，同时把申请到的buffer以及ffurl_read，ffurl_write，ffurl_seek的地址作为入参被传入
    *s = avio_alloc_context(buffer, buffer_size, h->flags & AVIO_FLAG_WRITE,
                            internal, io_read_packet, io_write_packet, io_seek);
    if (!*s)//创建AVIOContext失败的话，直接报错
        goto fail;

    (*s)->protocol_whitelist = av_strdup(h->protocol_whitelist);
    if (!(*s)->protocol_whitelist && h->protocol_whitelist) {
        avio_closep(s);
        goto fail;
    }
    (*s)->protocol_blacklist = av_strdup(h->protocol_blacklist);
    if (!(*s)->protocol_blacklist && h->protocol_blacklist) {
        avio_closep(s);
        goto fail;
    }
    (*s)->direct = h->flags & AVIO_FLAG_DIRECT;

    (*s)->seekable = h->is_streamed ? 0 : AVIO_SEEKABLE_NORMAL;
    (*s)->max_packet_size = max_packet_size;
    (*s)->min_packet_size = h->min_packet_size;//协议中获取的urlcontext赋值给AVIOContext
    if(h->prot) {//如果URLProtStruct不为空
        (*s)->read_pause = io_read_pause;//把ffurl_pause赋值给AVIOContext的read_pause函数
        (*s)->read_seek  = io_read_seek;//把ffurl_seek赋值给AVIOContext的read_seek函数

        if (h->prot->url_read_seek)
            (*s)->seekable |= AVIO_SEEKABLE_TIME;
    }
    (*s)->short_seek_get = io_short_seek;//根据协议调用prot(protocol)中的short_seek函数
    (*s)->av_class = &ff_avio_class;
    return 0;
fail:
    av_freep(&internal);
    av_freep(&buffer);
    return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
}

从上面可以看到调用av_malloc(buffer_size)申请了一个读写缓冲buffer(结合文件协议，buffer大小为IO_BUFFER_SIZE)。

调用avio_alloc_context，来对AVIOContext赋值，同时把申请到的buffer以及ffurl_read，ffurl_write，ffurl_seek的地址作为入参被传入。

AVIOContext *avio_alloc_context(
                  unsigned char *buffer,
                  int buffer_size,
                  int write_flag,
                  void *opaque,
                  int (*read_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size),
                  int (*write_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size),
                  int64_t (*seek)(void *opaque, int64_t offset, int whence))
{
    AVIOContext *s = av_mallocz(sizeof(AVIOContext));//申请AVIOContext内存
    if (!s)
        return NULL;
	//把传进来的参数(函数指针)指向刚创建的AVIOContext结构体对应的变量(函数指针)中
    ffio_init_context(s, buffer, buffer_size, write_flag, opaque,
                  read_packet, write_packet, seek);
    return s;
}

--------------------- 
作者：工匠先生 
来源：CSDN 
原文：https://blog.csdn.net/u013470102/article/details/89630915 
版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，转载请附上博文链接！