一、卸载
1.1.查看已存在版本依赖---rpm -qa|grep
rpm -qa|grep mariadb
1.2.卸载老版本(如果有的话)---rpm -e --nodeps 文件名(查询所得)
rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64
1.3.检查一遍是否卸载干净
rpm -qa|grep mariadb
yum remove mariadb
二、安装
2.1.在CentOS操作系统中/etc/yum.repos.d/目录下添加 MariaDB 的yum配置文件MariaDB.repo文件
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo
2.2.文件中添加如下内容
# MariaDB 10.5 CentOS repository list - created 2021-05-30 14:43 UTC
# http://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
2.3.清除yum的缓存并重新建立
yum clean all
yum makecache
2.4.通过yum命令安装Mariadb
cd /usr/local/src/
sudo yum install MariaDB-server MariaDB-client
2.5.安装完成后,立即启动数据库守护进程
systemctl start mariadb
2.6.设置开启自动启动
systemctl enable mariadb
2.7.查看状态(非必需)
systemctl status mariadb
2.8.常用指令
systemctl start mariadb #启动命令
systemctl restart mariadb #重启指令
systemctl stop mariadb #关闭指令
ssystemctl enable mariadb #开机自启动
systemctl disable mariadb #禁止开机自启动
三、数据库初始化
3.1.对MariaDB进行安全配置初始化(一路y就行,不详细解释了)
mysql_secure_installation
四、为 MariaDB 配置远程访问权限
如果需要在别的电脑通过navicat等工具连接到数据库,这时就需要给对应的 MariaDB 账户分配权限,允许使用该账户远程连接到MariaDB。
4.1.查看账户信息
进入数据库(输入上面的密码):
mysql -uroot -p
输入以下命令查看账号信息:
select host,user,password from mysql.user;
#返回
+-----------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+
| Host | User | Password |
+-----------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | mariadb.sys | |
| localhost | root | ***************************************** |
| localhost | mysql | invalid |
+-----------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+
root账户中的host项是localhost表示该账号只能进行本地登录
4.2.创建一个远程账户,并给此账户分配远程连接的权限
远程访问则需要修改权限,输入命令:
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'192.168.25.%' IDENTIFIED BY '远程账户密码' WITH GRANT OPTION;
刷新权限
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
select host,user,password from mysql.user;
#返回
+--------------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+
| Host | User | Password |
+--------------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | mariadb.sys | |
| localhost | root | ***************************************** |
| localhost | mysql | invalid |
| 192.168.25.% | root | ***************************************** |
+--------------+-------------+-------------------------------------------+
五、MariaDB相关字符集编码配置
5.1.设置数据库字母大小不敏感
vim /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf
在mysql标签下加入如下 (1代表不敏感)
[mysqld]
#
# * Galera-related settings
#
lower_case_table_names=1
5.2.设置MariaDB数据库默认编码
mysql -uroot -p
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';
#返回
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
- 可以看到有的编码集为latin1,这样的话插入中文会乱码,因此需要将编码改为utf8。
vim /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf
#添加如下
[mysqld]
#
# * Galera-related settings
#
lower_case_table_names=1
character-set-server=utf8
5.3.重启MariaDB配置
systemctl restart mariadb
mysql -uroot -p
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character%';
#返回
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+