ruby 学习笔记(二)

Variables

               

Variables in Ruby can contain data of any type. You can use variables in your Ruby programswithout any declarations. Variable name itself denotes its scope (local, global, instance, etc.).

               

• A local variable (declared within an object) name consists of a lowercase letter (or an underscore) followed by name characters (sunil, _z, hit_and_run).
• An instance variable (declared within an object always "belongs to" whatever objectself refers to) name starts with an ''at'' sign (''@'') followed by aname (@sign, @_, @Counter).
• A class variable (declared within a class) name starts with two ''at'' signs (''@@'') followed by aname (@@sign, @@_, @@Counter). A class variable is shared among all objects of a class. Only one copy of a particular class variable exists for a given class. Class variables used at the top level are defined inObject and behave like global variables. Class variables are rarely used in Ruby programs.
• Global variables start with a dollar sign (''$'') followed by name characters. A global variable name can be formed using ''$-'' followed by any single character ($counter, $COUNTER, $-x). Ruby defines a number of global variables that include other punctuation characters, such as $_ and $-K.

               

Constants

               

A constant name starts with an uppercase letter followed by name characters. Class names and module names are constants, and follow the constant naming conventions. Examples: module MyMath, PI=3.1416, class MyPune.