1.C语言运算符优先级
运算符按照优先级大小由上向下排列,在同一行的运算符具有相同优先级。第二行是所有的一元运算符。
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() [] -> . | 括号(函数等),数组,两种结构成员访问 |
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! ~ ++ -- + - * & (类型) sizeof | 否定,按位否定,增量,减量,正负号, 间接,取地址,类型转换,求大小 |
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* / % | 乘,除,取模 |
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+ - | 加,减 |
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<< >> | 左移,右移 |
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< <= >= > | 小于,小于等于,大于等于,大于 |
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== != | 等于,不等于 |
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& | 按位与 |
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^ | 按位异或 |
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| | 按位或 |
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&& | 逻辑与 |
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|| | 逻辑或 |
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? : | 条件 |
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= += -= *= /= &= ^= |= <<= >>= | 各种赋值 |
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, | 逗号(顺序) |
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2.C++运算符优先级
Precedence | Operator | Description | Example | Associativity |
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1 | () [] -> . :: ++ -- | Grouping operator Array access Member access from a pointer Member access from an object Scoping operator Post-increment Post-decrement | (a + b) / 4; array[4] = 2; ptr->age = 34; obj.age = 34; Class::age = 2; for( i = 0; i < 10; i++ ) ... for( i = 10; i > 0; i-- ) ... | left to right |
2 | ! ~ ++ -- - + * & (type) sizeof | Logical negation Bitwise complement Pre-increment Pre-decrement Unary minus Unary plus Dereference Address of Cast to a given type Return size in bytes | if( !done ) ... flags = ~flags; for( i = 0; i < 10; ++i ) ... for( i = 10; i > 0; --i ) ... int i = -1; int i = +1; data = *ptr; address = &obj; int i = (int) floatNum; int size = sizeof(floatNum); | right to left |
3 | ->* .* | Member pointer selector Member pointer selector | ptr->*var = 24; obj.*var = 24; | left to right |
4 | * / % | Multiplication Division Modulus | int i = 2 * 4; float f = 10 / 3; int rem = 4 % 3; | left to right |
5 | + - | Addition Subtraction | int i = 2 + 3; int i = 5 - 1; | left to right |
6 | << >> | Bitwise shift left Bitwise shift right | int flags = 33 << 1; int flags = 33 >> 1; | left to right |
7 | < <= > >= | Comparison less-than Comparison less-than-or-equal-to Comparison greater-than Comparison geater-than-or-equal-to | if( i < 42 ) ... if( i <= 42 ) ... if( i > 42 ) ... if( i >= 42 ) ... | left to right |
8 | == != | Comparison equal-to Comparison not-equal-to | if( i == 42 ) ... if( i != 42 ) ... | left to right |
9 | & | Bitwise AND | flags = flags & 42; | left to right |
10 | ^ | Bitwise exclusive OR | flags = flags ^ 42; | left to right |
11 | | | Bitwise inclusive (normal) OR | flags = flags | 42; | left to right |
12 | && | Logical AND | if( conditionA && conditionB ) ... | left to right |
13 | || | Logical OR | if( conditionA || conditionB ) ... | left to right |
14 | ? : | Ternary conditional (if-then-else) | int i = (a > b) ? a : b; | right to left |
15 | = += -= *= /= %= &= ^= |= <<= >>= | Assignment operator Increment and assign Decrement and assign Multiply and assign Divide and assign Modulo and assign Bitwise AND and assign Bitwise exclusive OR and assign Bitwise inclusive (normal) OR and assign Bitwise shift left and assign Bitwise shift right and assign | int a = b; a += 3; b -= 4; a *= 5; a /= 2; a %= 3; flags &= new_flags; flags ^= new_flags; flags |= new_flags; flags <<= 2; flags >>= 2; | right to left |
16 | , | Sequential uation operator | for( i = 0, j = 0; i < 10; i++, j++ ) ... | left to right |
例如:C++中
1)y=*px++ 相当于y=*(px++) (++优先级高)
2)&ptr->a等于&(ptr->a)而不是等于(&ptr)->a
3)逻辑运算符的优先级: !(非) > &&(与) > ||(或)
4)关系运算符优先级
< <= > >= == !=
优先级相同(高) 优先级相同(低)
5) 条件运算符优级高于赋值运算符,低于逻辑运算符 x=a>b?a:b;
6)有10种复合运算符:+=, -=, *=, /=, %=,<<=,>>=,&=,^=,|=
问题:如何记住运算符的15种优先级和结合性?
解答:C语言中运算符种类比较繁多,优先级有15种,结合性有两种。
如何记忆两种结合性和15种优先级?下面讲述一种记忆方法。
结合性有两种,一种是自左至右,另一种是自右至左,大部分运算符的结合性是自左至右,只有单目运算符、三目运算符的赋值运算符的结合性自右至左。
优先级有15种。记忆方法如下:
记住一个最高的:构造类型的元素或成员以及小括号。
记住一个最低的:逗号运算符。
剩余的是一、二、三、赋值。
意思是单目、双目、三目和赋值运算符。
在诸多运算符中,又分为:
算术、关系、逻辑。
两种位操作运算符中,移位运算符在算术运算符后边,逻辑位运算符在逻辑运算符的前面。再细分如下:
算术运算符分 *,/,%高于+,-。
关系运算符中,〉,〉=,<,<=高于==,!=。
逻辑运算符中,除了逻辑求反(!)是单目外,逻辑与(&&)高于逻辑或(||)。
逻辑位运算符中,除了逻辑按位求反(~)外,按位与(&)高于按位半加(^),高于按位或(|)。
这样就将15种优先级都记住了,再将记忆方法总结如下:
去掉一个最高的,去掉一个最低的,剩下的是一、二、三、赋值。双目运算符中,顺序为算术、关系和逻辑,移位和逻辑位插入其中。