Mysql5.7 安装及配置指南-linux版

背景

在现在默认 sudo apt-get install mysql-server安装的是8.0版本的MySQL.

现在想要配置低版本的MySQL 如5.7,就需要用其他命令配合.

系统 Ubuntu 20.04

MySQL官网→Developer Zone->MySQL Downloads→ MySQL APT Repository->download→no thanks… 右键点击,拷贝下载链接

https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-apt-config_0.8.17-1_all.deb

想下载低版本的MySQL可以把上面链接的17 改小.比如改成10 可以下载5.6版本

https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-apt-config_0.8.10-1_all.deb

步骤

1. 安装必要配件

   #更新库
   sudo apt-get update
   #安装wget #从网络上自动下载文件的自由工具
   sudo apt-get install wget
   #dpkg#管理工具，可以用来安装、构建、卸载、管理 deb 格式的软件包。
   sudo apt-get install dpkg
   

2. 安装MySQL存储包

   sudo mkdir /download
   cd /download
   sudo wget  https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-apt-config_0.8.12-1_all.deb
   sudo dpkg -i mysql-apt-config_0.8.12-1_all.deb
   

3. 配置文件

   出现package configuration依次选择 MySQL Server & Cluster (Currently selected:mysql-**)

   →mysql-5.7→ok

   配置好后:

4. 更新软件库

   > sudo apt-get update
   #查看ubuntu中MySQL的安装版本策略
   > apt-cache policy mysql-server
   
   mysql-server:
     Installed: 5.7.34-1ubuntu18.04
     Candidate: 8.0.25-0ubuntu0.20.04.1
     Version table:
        8.0.25-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 500
           500 http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/repository/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 Packages
           500 http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/repository/ubuntu focal-security/main amd64 Packages
        8.0.19-0ubuntu5 500
           500 http://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/repository/ubuntu focal/main amd64 Packages
    *** 5.7.34-1ubuntu18.04 500
           500 http://repo.mysql.com/apt/ubuntu bionic/mysql-5.7 amd64 Packages
           100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
   

5. 安装软件

   # 依次安装mysql-client,mysql-community-server,mysql-server
   > sudo apt-get install mysql-client=5.7.34-1ubuntu18.04
   > sudo apt-get install mysql-community-server=5.7.34-1ubuntu18.04
   > sudo apt-get install mysql-server=5.7.34-1ubuntu18.04
   

   输入root密码

6. 验证版本

   # 大写
   > mysql -V
   mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.34, for Linux (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapper
   

   安装成功

7. 防止系统误升级MySQL

   > dpkg -l | grep mysql
   # 系统输出
   ii  mysql-apt-config                     0.8.12-1                          all          Auto configuration for MySQL APT Repo.
   ii  mysql-client                         5.7.34-1ubuntu18.04               amd64        MySQL Client meta package depending on latest version
   ii  mysql-common                         5.8+1.0.5ubuntu2                  all          MySQL database common files, e.g. /etc/mysql/my.cnf
   ii  mysql-community-client               5.7.34-1ubuntu18.04               amd64        MySQL Client
   ii  mysql-community-server               5.7.34-1ubuntu18.04               amd64        MySQL Server
   ii  mysql-server                         5.7.34-1ubuntu18.04               amd64        MySQL Server meta package depending on latest version
   

   配置文件

   # 添加一个文件
   > sudo vim /etc/apt/preferences.d/mysql
   `
   Package: mysql-server
   Pin: version 5.7.34-1ubuntu18.04
   Pin-Priority: 1001
   
   Package: mysql-client
   Pin: version 5.7.34-1ubuntu18.04
   Pin-Priority: 1001
   
   Package: mysql-community-server
   Pin: version 5.7.34-1ubuntu18.04
   Pin-Priority: 1001
   
   Package: mysql-community-client
   Pin: version 5.7.34-1ubuntu18.04
   Pin-Priority: 1001
   
   Package: mysql-apt-config
   Pin: version 0.8.12-1
   Pin-Priority: 1001
   `
   

   尝试更新

   > sudo apt-get install mysql-server
   
   Reading package lists... Done
   Building dependency tree
   Reading state information... Done
   mysql-server is already the newest version (5.7.34-1ubuntu18.04).
   0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 233 not upgraded.
   
   

   安装到此结束

   参考:

   在 Ubuntu 20.04 上安装 MySQL 5.7