AJAX（XMLHttpRequest）进行跨域请求方法详解（二）

转帖地址：http://dotnet.aspx.cc/article/dfac18ce-8285-4076-bf9c-55077a877159/read.aspx

2，预检请求

预检请求首先需要向另外一个域名的资源发送一个 HTTP OPTIONS 请求头，其目的就是为了判断实际发送的请求是否是安全的。下面的2种情况需要进行预检：
a，不是上面的简单请求，比如使用Content-Type 为 application/xml 或 text/xml 的 POST 请求
b，在请求中设置自定义头，比如 X-JSON、X-MENGXIANHUI 等

注意：在 iis 里进行测试，必须在“应用程序扩展”里面配置 .aspx 扩展的动作允许 OPTIONS。

下面我们举一个预检的请求：

XML/XHTML 代码

<! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
  "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" >
< html xmlns ="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
< head >
< title > 孟宪会之AJAX跨域请求测试 </ title >
</ head >
< body >
   < input type ='button' value ='开始测试' onclick ='crossDomainRequest()' />
   < div id ="content" ></ div >
   < script type ="text/javascript" >
  // <![CDATA[
  var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
  var url = 'http://dotnet.aspx.cc/PreflightedRequests.aspx';
  function crossDomainRequest() {
    document.getElementById("content").innerHTML = "开始进行请求……";
    if (xhr) {
      var xml = "<root>测试</root>";
      xhr.open('POST', url, true);
      xhr.setRequestHeader("POWERED-BY-MENGXIANHUI", "Approve");
      xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/xml");
      xhr.onreadystatechange = handler;
      xhr.send(xml);
    } else {
    document.getElementById("content").innerHTML = "不能创建 XMLHttpRequest。";
    }
  }
  function handler(evtXHR) {
    if (xhr.readyState == 4) {
      if (xhr.status == 200) {
        var response = xhr.responseText;
        document.getElementById("content").innerHTML = "结果：" + response;
      } else {
        document.getElementById("content").innerHTML = "不能进行跨越访问。";
      }
    }
    else {
      document.getElementById("content").innerHTML += "<br/>执行状态 readyState：" + xhr.readyState;
    }
  }
  // ]]>
</ script >
</ body >
</ html >

上面的例子我们发送 xml 格式的数据，并且，发送一个非标准的HTTP头 POWERED-BY-MENGXIANHUI 来说明服务器端该如何设置响应头的。

在服务器端，PreflightedRequests.aspx 的内容如下：

ASPX 代码

<% @ Page Language = " C# " %>
< script runat ="server" >
  protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
  {
     if (Request.HttpMethod.Equals( " GET " ))
    {      
      Response.Write( " 这个页面是用来测试跨域 POST 请求的，直接浏览意义不大。 " );
    }
     else if (Request.HttpMethod.Equals( " OPTIONS " ))
    {
       // 通知客户端允许预检请求。并设置缓存时间
      Response.ClearContent();
      Response.AddHeader( " Access-Control-Allow-Origin " , " http://www.meng_xian_hui.com:801 " );
      Response.AddHeader( " Access-Control-Allow-Methods " , " POST, GET, OPTIONS " );
      Response.AddHeader( " Access-Control-Allow-Headers " , " POWERED-BY-MENGXIANHUI " );
      Response.AddHeader( " Access-Control-Max-Age " , " 30 " );  
       // 此过程无需返回数据
      Response.End();      
    }
     else if (Request.HttpMethod.Equals( " POST " ))
    {
       if (Request.Headers[ " Origin " ].Equals( " http://www.meng_xian_hui.com:801 " ))
      {
        System.Xml.XmlDocument doc = new System.Xml.XmlDocument();
        doc.Load(Request.InputStream);
        Response.AddHeader( " Access-Control-Allow-Origin " , " http://www.meng_xian_hui.com:801 " );
        Response.Write( " 您提交的数据是：<br/><br/> " + Server.HtmlEncode(doc.OuterXml));
      }
       else
      {
        Response.Write( " 不允许你的网站请求。 " );
      }
    }
  }
</ script >

点击“开始测试”按钮，将会执行下面的一系列请求。

 

 

HTML 代码

OPTIONS /PreflightedRequests.aspx HTTP/1.1
Host: dotnet.aspx.cc
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.2; zh-CN; rv:1.9.1.7) Gecko/20091221 Firefox/3.5.7 (.NET CLR 3.5.30729)
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-cn,zh;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate
Accept-Charset: GB2312,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
Keep-Alive: 300
Connection: keep-alive
Origin: http://www.meng_xian_hui.com:801
Access-Control-Request-Method: POST
Access-Control-Request-Headers: powered-by-mengxianhui

HTTP/1.x 200 OK
Date: Sun, 10 Jan 2010 14:00:34 GMT
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: http://www.meng_xian_hui.com:801
Access-Control-Allow-Methods: POST, GET, OPTIONS
Access-Control-Allow-Headers: POWERED-BY-MENGXIANHUI
Access-Control-Max-Age: 30
Set-Cookie: ASP.NET_SessionId=5npqri55dl1k1zvij1tlw3re; path=/; HttpOnly
Cache-Control: private
Content-Length: 0

POST /PreflightedRequests.aspx HTTP/1.1
Host: dotnet.aspx.cc
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.2; zh-CN; rv:1.9.1.7) Gecko/20091221 Firefox/3.5.7 (.NET CLR 3.5.30729)
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-cn,zh;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate
Accept-Charset: GB2312,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
Keep-Alive: 300
Connection: keep-alive
POWERED-BY-MENGXIANHUI: Approve
Content-Type: application/xml; charset=UTF-8
Referer: http://www.meng_xian_hui.com:801/CrossDomainAjax/PreflightedRequests.html
Content-Length: 19
Origin: http://www.meng_xian_hui.com:801
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache
< root > 测试 </ root >

HTTP/1.x 200 OK
Date: Sun, 10 Jan 2010 14:00:34 GMT
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: http://www.meng_xian_hui.com:801
Set-Cookie: ASP.NET_SessionId=byvose45zmtbqy45d2a1jf2i; path=/; HttpOnly
Cache-Control: private
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 65

 

以上的代码反映了预检请求的执行过程：首先发送 OPTIONS 请求头，用来向服务器咨询服务器的更多信息，以便为后续的真实请求做准备。比如是否支持 POST 方法等。值得注意的是：

浏览器还发送 Access-Control-Request-Method: POST 和 Access-Control-Request-Headers: powered-by-mengxianhui 请求头。

注意：以上过程是第一次请求的时候的过程，如果在 30 秒内重复点击按钮，你可以看不到 OPTIONS 这一过程。则执行过程是这样的：

HTML 代码

POST /PreflightedRequests.aspx HTTP/1.1
Host: dotnet.aspx.cc
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.2; zh-CN; rv:1.9.1.7) Gecko/20091221 Firefox/3.5.7 (.NET CLR 3.5.30729)
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-cn,zh;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate
Accept-Charset: GB2312,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
Keep-Alive: 300
Connection: keep-alive
POWERED-BY-MENGXIANHUI: Approve
Content-Type: application/xml; charset=UTF-8
Referer: http://www.meng_xian_hui.com:801/CrossDomainAjax/PreflightedRequests.html
Content-Length: 19
Origin: http://www.meng_xian_hui.com:801
Pragma: no-cache
Cache-Control: no-cache
< root > 测试 </ root >

HTTP/1.x 200 OK
Date: Sun, 10 Jan 2010 14:06:32 GMT
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: http://www.meng_xian_hui.com:801
Set-Cookie: ASP.NET_SessionId=qs1c4urxywdbdx55u04pvual; path=/; HttpOnly
Cache-Control: private
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 65

为什么会这样？细心的童鞋可能注意到了，在服务器端有一行代码 Response.AddHeader("Access-Control-Max-Age", "30");  它是用来设置预检的有效时间的，单位是秒。这一点要特别注意。