AJAX（XMLHttpRequest）进行跨域请求方法详解（三）

转帖地址：http://dotnet.aspx.cc/article/3e52138f-17ba-479a-84d6-765411e5a7fe/read.aspx

作者：孟宪会 发表于：2010-01-11 09:55:53

3，带验证信息的请求
身份验证是Web开发中经常遇到的问题，在跨域请求中，默认情况下是不发送验证信息的。要想发送验证信息，需要进行withCredentials 属性，下面就是一个简单请求的例子：

HTML 代码

<! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" >
< html xmlns ="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
< head >
   < title > 孟宪会之AJAX跨域请求测试 </ title >
</ head >
< body >
   < input type ='button' value ='开始测试' onclick ='crossDomainRequest()' />
   < div id ="content" ></ div >

   < script type ="text/javascript" >
     // <![CDATA[
     var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
     var url = ' http://dotnet.aspx.cc/RequestsWithCredentials.aspx ' ;
     function crossDomainRequest() {
      document.getElementById( " content " ).innerHTML = " 开始进行请求…… " ;
       if (xhr) {
        xhr.open( ' GET ' , url, true );
        xhr.onreadystatechange = handler;
        xhr.withCredentials = " true " ;
        xhr.send();
      } else {
        document.getElementById( " content " ).innerHTML = " 不能创建 XMLHttpRequest。 " ;
      }
    }
     function handler(evtXHR) {
       if (xhr.readyState == 4 ) {
         if (xhr.status == 200 ) {
           var response = xhr.responseText;
          document.getElementById( " content " ).innerHTML = " 结果： " + response;
        } else {
          document.getElementById( " content " ).innerHTML += " <br/>执行状态 status： " + xhr.status;
        }
      }
       else {
        document.getElementById( " content " ).innerHTML += " <br/>执行状态 readyState： " + xhr.readyState;
      }
    }
     // ]]>
   </ script >

</ body >
</ html >

在服务器端，我编写如下的代码，通过 Cookie 记录按钮点击的次数：

 

ASPX 代码

<% @ Page Language = " C# " %>

< script runat ="server" >
  protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
  {
     if (Request.HttpMethod.Equals( " GET " ))
    {
      Response.AddHeader( " Access-Control-Allow-Origin " , " http://www.meng_xian_hui.com:801 " );
      Response.AddHeader( " Access-Control-Allow-Credentials " , " true " );
      Response.Cache.SetCacheability(HttpCacheability.NoCache);
      Response.Expires = - 1 ;
       int visit = 1 ;
       if (Request.Cookies[ " visit " ] != null )
      {
        visit = Convert.ToInt32(Request.Cookies[ " visit " ].Value) + 1 ;
      }
      HttpCookie cookie = new HttpCookie( " visit " , visit.ToString());
      cookie.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddSeconds( 30 );
      Response.SetCookie(cookie);
      Response.Write(visit.ToString());
    }
     else if (Request.HttpMethod.Equals( " OPTIONS " ))
    {
       // 可以根据Origin进行更多检测

       // 通知客户端允许预检请求。并设置缓存时间
      Response.ClearContent();
      Response.AddHeader( " Access-Control-Allow-Origin " , " http://www.meng_xian_hui.com:801 " );
      Response.AddHeader( " Access-Control-Allow-Methods " , " GET, OPTIONS " );
      Response.AddHeader( " Access-Control-Allow-Credentials " , " true " );
      Response.AddHeader( " Access-Control-Max-Age " , " 30 " );
       // 此过程无需返回数据
      Response.End();
    }
     else
    {
      Response.StatusCode = 401 ;
    }
  }
</ script >

点击“开始测试”，我们可以检测到下面的请求执行过程：

 

 

 

HTML 代码

GET /RequestsWithCredentials.aspx HTTP/1.1
Host: dotnet.aspx.cc
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.2; zh-CN; rv:1.9.1.7) Gecko/20091221 Firefox/3.5.7 (.NET CLR 3.5.30729)
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-cn,zh;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate
Accept-Charset: GB2312,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
Keep-Alive: 300
Connection: keep-alive
Referer: http://www.meng_xian_hui.com:801/CrossDomainAjax/RequestsWithCredentials.html
Origin: http://www.meng_xian_hui.com:801

HTTP/1.x 200 OK
Date: Sun, 10 Jan 2010 14:12:26 GMT
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: http://www.meng_xian_hui.com:801
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Set-Cookie: ASP.NET_SessionId=fn2zf0zq1cuwgf45fm5fw145; path=/; HttpOnly
Set-Cookie: visit=1; expires=Sun, 10-Jan-2010 14:12:56 GMT; path=/
Cache-Control: no-cache
Pragma: no-cache
Expires: -1
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 1

从上面的响应中可以看出，Cookie 是会随响应一起发送的。如果我们多次点击测试按钮，则可以看到请求和响应的结果是这样的：

 

 

HTML 代码

GET /RequestsWithCredentials.aspx HTTP/1.1
Host: dotnet.aspx.cc
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.2; zh-CN; rv:1.9.1.7) Gecko/20091221 Firefox/3.5.7 (.NET CLR 3.5.30729)
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-cn,zh;q=0.5
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate
Accept-Charset: GB2312,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7
Keep-Alive: 300
Connection: keep-alive
Referer: http://www.meng_xian_hui.com:801/CrossDomainAjax/RequestsWithCredentials.html
Origin: http://www.meng_xian_hui.com:801
Cookie: ASP.NET_SessionId=fn2zf0zq1cuwgf45fm5fw145; visit=2

HTTP/1.x 200 OK
Date: Sun, 10 Jan 2010 14:13:58 GMT
Server: Microsoft-IIS/6.0
X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: http://www.meng_xian_hui.com:801
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Set-Cookie: visit=3; expires=Sun, 10-Jan-2010 14:14:28 GMT; path=/
Cache-Control: no-cache
Pragma: no-cache
Expires: -1
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 1

注意 Cookie: ASP.NET_SessionId=fn2zf0zq1cuwgf45fm5fw145; visit=2 这一行，访问计数器已经被一起发送到服务器。