Android深入四大组件（五）Content Provider的启动过程

转自： http://liuwangshu.cn/framework/component/5-contentprovider-start.html

前言
Content Provider做为四大组件之一，通常情况下并没有其他的组件使用频繁，但这不能作为我们不去深入学习它的理由。关于Content Provider一篇文章是写不完的，这一篇文章先来介绍它的启动过程。

1.query方法到AMS的调用过程
在Android IPC机制（四）用ContentProvider进行进程间通信这篇文章我举了一个Content Provider使用的例子，在Activity中我是使用如下代码调用Content Provider的：

public class ContentProviderActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private final static String TAG = “ContentProviderActivity”;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_content_provider);
Uri uri = Uri.parse(“content://com.example.liuwangshu.mooncontentprovide.GameProvider”);
ContentValues mContentValues = new ContentValues();
mContentValues.put("_id", 2);
mContentValues.put(“name”, “大航海时代ol”);
mContentValues.put(“describe”, “最好玩的航海网游”);
getContentResolver().insert(uri, mContentValues);//1
Cursor gameCursor = getContentResolver().query(uri, new String[]{“name”, “describe”}, null, null, null);
…
}
}
要想调用Content Provider，首先需要使用注释1处的getContentResolver方法，如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/Java/android/content/ContextWrapper.java

@Override
public ContentResolver getContentResolver() {
return mBase.getContentResolver();
}
这里mBase指的是ContextImpl，ContextImpl的getContentResolver方法如下所示。

frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ContextImpl.java

@Override
public ContentResolver getContentResolver() {
return mContentResolver;
}
上面的代码return了ApplicationContentResolver类型的mContentResolver对象，ApplicationContentResolver是ContextImpl中的静态内部类，继承自ContentResolver，它在ContextImpl的构造方法中被创建。
当我们调用ContentResolver的insert、query、update等方法时就会启动Content Provider，这里拿query方法来进行举例。
query方法的实现在ApplicationContentResolver的父类ContentResolver中，代码如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/content/ContentResolver.java

public final @Nullable Cursor query(final @RequiresPermission.Read @NonNull Uri uri,
@Nullable String[] projection, @Nullable String selection,
@Nullable String[] selectionArgs, @Nullable String sortOrder,
@Nullable CancellationSignal cancellationSignal) {
Preconditions.checkNotNull(uri, “uri”);
IContentProvider unstableProvider = acquireUnstableProvider(uri);//1
…
try {
…
try {
qCursor = unstableProvider.query(mPackageName, uri, projection,
selection, selectionArgs, sortOrder, remoteCancellationSignal);//2
} catch (DeadObjectException e) {
…
}
…
}
在注释1处通过acquireUnstableProvider方法返回IContentProvider类型的unstableProvider对象，在注释2处调用unstableProvider的query方法。我们查看acquireUnstableProvider方法做了什么，如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/content/ContentResolver.java

public final IContentProvider acquireUnstableProvider(Uri uri) {
if (!SCHEME_CONTENT.equals(uri.getScheme())) {//1
return null;
}
String auth = uri.getAuthority();
if (auth != null) {
return acquireUnstableProvider(mContext, uri.getAuthority());//2
}
return null;
}
注释1处用来检查Uri的scheme是否等于”content”，如果不是则返回null。注释2处调用了acquireUnstableProvider方法，这是个抽象方法，它的实现在ContentResolver的子类ApplicationContentResolver中：
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ContextImpl.java

@Override
protected IContentProvider acquireUnstableProvider(Context c, String auth) {
return mMainThread.acquireProvider(c,
ContentProvider.getAuthorityWithoutUserId(auth),
resolveUserIdFromAuthority(auth), false);
}
return了ActivityThread类型的mMainThread对象的acquireProvider方法：
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java

public final IContentProvider acquireProvider(
Context c, String auth, int userId, boolean stable) {
final IContentProvider provider = acquireExistingProvider(c, auth, userId, stable);//1
if (provider != null) {
return provider;
}
IActivityManager.ContentProviderHolder holder = null;
try {
holder = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().getContentProvider(
getApplicationThread(), auth, userId, stable);//2
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
throw ex.rethrowFromSystemServer();
}
if (holder == null) {
Slog.e(TAG, "Failed to find provider info for " + auth);
return null;
}
holder = installProvider(c, holder, holder.info,
true /noisy/, holder.noReleaseNeeded, stable);//3
return holder.provider;
}
注释1处检查ActivityThread中的ArrayMap类型的mProviderMap中是否有目标ContentProvider存在，有则返回，没有就会在注释2处调用AMP的getContentProvider方法，最终会调用AMS的getContentProvider方法。注释3处的installProvider方法用来将注释2处返回的ContentProvider相关的数据存储在mProviderMap中，起到缓存的作用，这样使用相同的Content Provider时，就不需要每次都要调用AMS的getContentProvider方法。使用我们接着查看AMS的getContentProvider方法，代码如下所示。
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java

@Override
public final ContentProviderHolder getContentProvider(
IApplicationThread caller, String name, int userId, boolean stable) {
…
return getContentProviderImpl(caller, name, null, stable, userId);
}
getContentProvider方法return了getContentProviderImpl方法：
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java

private ContentProviderHolder getContentProviderImpl(IApplicationThread caller,
String name, IBinder token, boolean stable, int userId) {
…
ProcessRecord proc = getProcessRecordLocked(
cpi.processName, cpr.appInfo.uid, false);//1
if (proc != null && proc.thread != null && !proc.killed) {
…
if (!proc.pubProviders.containsKey(cpi.name)) {
checkTime(startTime, “getContentProviderImpl: scheduling install”);
proc.pubProviders.put(cpi.name, cpr);
try {
proc.thread.scheduleInstallProvider(cpi);//2
} catch (RemoteException e) {
}
}
} else {
checkTime(startTime, “getContentProviderImpl: before start process”);
proc = startProcessLocked(cpi.processName,
cpr.appInfo, false, 0, “content provider”,
new ComponentName(cpi.applicationInfo.packageName,
cpi.name), false, false, false);//3
checkTime(startTime, “getContentProviderImpl: after start process”);
…
}
…

}
getContentProviderImpl方法的代码很多，这里截取了关键的部分。注释1处通过getProcessRecordLocked方法来获取目标ContentProvider的应用程序进程信息，这些信息用ProcessRecord类型的proc来表示，如果该应用进程已经启动就会调用注释2处的代码，否则就会调用注释3的startProcessLocked方法来启动进程。这里我们假设ContentProvider的应用进程还没有启动，关于应用进程启动过程，我在Android应用程序进程启动过程（前篇）已经讲过，最终会调用ActivityThread的main方法，代码如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java

public static void main(String[] args) {
…
Looper.prepareMainLooper();//1
ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();//2
thread.attach(false);
if (sMainThreadHandler == null) {
sMainThreadHandler = thread.getHandler();
}
if (false) {
Looper.myLooper().setMessageLogging(new
LogPrinter(Log.DEBUG, “ActivityThread”));
}
// End of event ActivityThreadMain.
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
Looper.loop();//3
throw new RuntimeException(“Main thread loop unexpectedly exited”);
}
注释1处通过prepareMainLooper方法在ThreadLocal中获取Looper，并在注释3处开启消息循环。在注释2处创建了ActivityThread并调用了它的attach方法：
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java

private void attach(boolean system) {
…
final IActivityManager mgr = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault();//1
try {
mgr.attachApplication(mAppThread);//2
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
throw ex.rethrowFromSystemServer();
}
…
}
注释1处最终会得到AMS，在注释2处调用AMS的attachApplication方法，并将ApplicationThread类型的mAppThread对象传进去。
query方法到AMS的调用过程，如下面时序图所示（省略应用程序进程启动过程）。

2.AMS启动Content Provider的过程
我们接着来查看AMS的attachApplication方法，如下所示。
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java

@Override
public final void attachApplication(IApplicationThread thread) {
synchronized (this) {
int callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
attachApplicationLocked(thread, callingPid);
Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
}
}
attachApplication方法中又调用了attachApplicationLocked方法：
frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java

private final boolean attachApplicationLocked(IApplicationThread thread,
int pid) {
…
thread.bindApplication(processName, appInfo, providers, app.instrumentationClass,
profilerInfo, app.instrumentationArguments, app.instrumentationWatcher,
app.instrumentationUiAutomationConnection, testMode,
mBinderTransactionTrackingEnabled, enableTrackAllocation,
isRestrictedBackupMode || !normalMode, app.persistent,
new Configuration(mConfiguration), app.compat,
getCommonServicesLocked(app.isolated),
mCoreSettingsObserver.getCoreSettingsLocked());
…
}
attachApplicationLocked方法中调用了thread的bindApplication方法，thread是IApplicationThread类型的，从类型名字就可以看出来是用于进程间通信，这里实现bindApplication方法的是ApplicationThreadProxy类，它实现了IApplicationThread接口。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ApplicationThreadNative.java

class ApplicationThreadProxy implements IApplicationThread {
…
@Override
public final void bindApplication(String packageName, ApplicationInfo info,
List providers, ComponentName testName, ProfilerInfo profilerInfo,
Bundle testArgs, IInstrumentationWatcher testWatcher,
IUiAutomationConnection uiAutomationConnection, int debugMode,
boolean enableBinderTracking, boolean trackAllocation, boolean restrictedBackupMode,
boolean persistent, Configuration config, CompatibilityInfo compatInfo,
Map<String, IBinder> services, Bundle coreSettings) throws RemoteException {
…
mRemote.transact(BIND_APPLICATION_TRANSACTION, data, null,
IBinder.FLAG_ONEWAY);
data.recycle();
}
…
}
到目前为止，上面的调用过程还是在AMS进程中执行的，因此，需要通过IBinder类型的mRemote对象向新创建的应用程序进程（目标Content Provider所在的进程）发送BIND_APPLICATION_TRANSACTION类型的通信请求。处理这个通信请求的是在新创建的应用程序进程中执行的ApplicationThread的bindApplication方法，如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java

public final void bindApplication(String processName, ApplicationInfo appInfo,
List providers, ComponentName instrumentationName,
ProfilerInfo profilerInfo, Bundle instrumentationArgs,
IInstrumentationWatcher instrumentationWatcher,
IUiAutomationConnection instrumentationUiConnection, int debugMode,
boolean enableBinderTracking, boolean trackAllocation,
boolean isRestrictedBackupMode, boolean persistent, Configuration config,
CompatibilityInfo compatInfo, Map<String, IBinder> services, Bundle coreSettings) {
…
sendMessage(H.BIND_APPLICATION, data);
}
调用sendMessage方法像H发送BIND_APPLICATION类型消息，H的handleMessage方法如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java

public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
if (DEBUG_MESSAGES) Slog.v(TAG, ">>> handling: " + codeToString(msg.what));
switch (msg.what) {
…
case BIND_APPLICATION:
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, “bindApplication”);
AppBindData data = (AppBindData)msg.obj;
handleBindApplication(data);
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
break;
…
}
…
}
我们接着查看handleBindApplication方法：
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java

private void handleBindApplication(AppBindData data) {
…
final ContextImpl appContext = ContextImpl.createAppContext(this, data.info);//1
try {
final ClassLoader cl = instrContext.getClassLoader();
mInstrumentation = (Instrumentation)
cl.loadClass(data.instrumentationName.getClassName()).newInstance();//2
} catch (Exception e) {
…
}
final ComponentName component = new ComponentName(ii.packageName, ii.name);
mInstrumentation.init(this, instrContext, appContext, component,
data.instrumentationWatcher, data.instrumentationUiAutomationConnection);//3
…
Application app = data.info.makeApplication(data.restrictedBackupMode, null);//4
mInitialApplication = app;
if (!data.restrictedBackupMode) {
if (!ArrayUtils.isEmpty(data.providers)) {
installContentProviders(app, data.providers);//5
mH.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(H.ENABLE_JIT, 10*1000);
}
}
…
mInstrumentation.callApplicationOnCreate(app);//6
…
}
handleBindApplication方法的代码很长，这里截取了主要的部分。注释1处创建了ContextImpl 。注释2处通过反射创建Instrumentation并在注释3处初始化Instrumentation。注释4处创建Application并且在注释6处调用Application的onCreate方法，这意味着Content Provider所在的应用程序进程已经启动完毕，在这之前，注释5处调用installContentProviders方法来启动Content Provider，代码如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java

private void installContentProviders(
Context context, List providers) {
final ArrayList<IActivityManager.ContentProviderHolder> results =
new ArrayList<IActivityManager.ContentProviderHolder>();

for (ProviderInfo cpi : providers) {//1
    ...
    IActivityManager.ContentProviderHolder cph = installProvider(context, null, cpi,
            false /*noisy*/, true /*noReleaseNeeded*/, true /*stable*/);//2
  ...
}

try {
    ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().publishContentProviders(
        getApplicationThread(), results);//3
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
    throw ex.rethrowFromSystemServer();
}

}
注释1处遍历当前应用程序进程的ProviderInfo列表，得到每个Content Provider的ProviderInfo（存储Content Provider的信息），并在注释2处调用installProvider方法来启动这些Content Provider。在注释3处通过AMS的publishContentProviders方法将这些Content Provider存储在AMS的mProviderMap中，这个mProviderMap在前面提到过，起到缓存的作用，防止每次使用相同的Content Provider时都会调用AMS的getContentProvider方法。来查看installProvider方法时如何启动Content Provider的，installProvider方法如下所示。
frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java

private IActivityManager.ContentProviderHolder installProvider(Context context,
IActivityManager.ContentProviderHolder holder, ProviderInfo info,
boolean noisy, boolean noReleaseNeeded, boolean stable) {
ContentProvider localProvider = null;
…
final java.lang.ClassLoader cl = c.getClassLoader();
localProvider = (ContentProvider)cl.
loadClass(info.name).newInstance();//1
provider = localProvider.getIContentProvider();
if (provider == null) {
…
return null;
}
if (DEBUG_PROVIDER) Slog.v(
TAG, "Instantiating local provider " + info.name);
localProvider.attachInfo(c, info);//2
} catch (java.lang.Exception e) {
…
}
return null;
}
}
…
return retHolder;
}
在注释1处通过反射来创建ContentProvider类型的localProvider对象，并在注释2处调用了它的attachInfo方法：
frameworks/base/core/java/android/content/ContentProvider.java

private void attachInfo(Context context, ProviderInfo info, boolean testing) {
…
ContentProvider.this.onCreate();
}
}
在attachInfo方法中调用了onCreate方法，它是一个抽象方法。这样Content Provider就启动完毕。
最后给出AMS启动Content Provider的时序图。