[M二叉树] lc144. 二叉树的前序遍历(栈+dfs)

1. 题目来源

链接：lc144. 二叉树的前序遍历

2. 题目说明

3. 题目解析

前序：根+左+右

打印根，遍历左链，由下向上返回，遍历左链上的右儿子。

友情链接：

[M二叉树] lc102. 二叉树的层序遍历(队列+bfs)
[M二叉树] lc145. 二叉树的后序遍历(栈+dfs)
[M二叉树] lc94. 二叉树的中序遍历(栈+dfs)
[M二叉树] lc144. 二叉树的前序遍历(栈+dfs)

迭代代码：

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> preorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
        if (!root) return {};

        vector<int> res;
        stack<TreeNode*> stk;

        while (root || stk.size()) {
            while (root) {
                res.push_back(root->val);
                stk.push(root);
                root = root->left;
            }
            root = stk.top()->right;
            stk.pop();
        }
        return res;
    }
};

递归代码：

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode() : val(0), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(nullptr), right(nullptr) {}
 *     TreeNode(int x, TreeNode *left, TreeNode *right) : val(x), left(left), right(right) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> res;
    vector<int> preorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
        dfs(root);
        return res;
    }

    void dfs(TreeNode* root) {
        if (!root) return ;
        res.push_back(root->val);
        dfs(root->left);
        dfs(root->right); 
    }
};