Android 自定义控件之第二讲：TypedArray 详解

Google 开发者平台是这么解释这个类的：

大体意思是：TypedArray 是一个数组容器，在这个容器中装由 obtainStyledAttributes(AttributeSet, int[], int, int) 或者 obtainAttributes(AttributeSet, int[]) 函数获取到的属性值。用完之后记得调用 recycle() 函数回收资源。索引值用来获取 Attributes 对应的属性值（这个 Attributes 将会被传入 obtainStyledAttributes() 函数）。

好了，光说不练，多没有说服力，下面就让我们用一个例子来讲解如何使用 TypedArray 吧：

1.在资源文件 values 下创建文件 attrs.xml，如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>

    <declare-styleable name="MyFirstCustomerView">
        <attr name="text" format="string" />
        <attr name="textColor" format="color"/>
        <attr name="textSize" format="dimension"/>
        </attr>
    </declare-styleable>

</resources>

2.在资源文件 layout 下创建文件 activity_main.xml，如下：

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    xmlns:first_customer="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.smart.customer_view_03_19"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context="${packageName}.${activityClass}" >

    <com.smart.customer_view_03_19.customerview.MyFirstCustomerView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:padding="@dimen/small_padding"
        android:layout_centerInParent="true"
        first_customer:text="1234"
        first_customer:textColor="@color/green"
        first_customer:textSize="@dimen/x_large_font"
        />

</RelativeLayout>

注意： 
第三行 xmlns:first_customer="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.smart.customer_view_03_19" 的作用是在 XML 文件中声明我们自己的命名空间，这样之后 XML 解析器就可以解析我们自定义的属性了。其中：xmlns 是 Extensible Markup Language Name Space的缩写。它的主要作用就是告诉解析器：XML 应该从哪里解析此文件，默认为 Anroid System。

3.创建 MyFirstCustomerView.java，如下：

package com.smart.customer_view_03_19.customerview;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Set;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.util.Log;
import android.util.TypedValue;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;

import com.smart.customer_view_03_19.R;

public class MyFirstCustomerView extends View implements OnClickListener{
    private Context mContext;
    /** 
     * 文本 
     */  
    private String mText;  
    /** 
     * 文本的颜色 
     */  
    private int mTextColor;  
    /** 
     * 文本的大小 
     */  
    private int mTextSize;  

    /** 
     * 绘制时控制文本绘制的范围 
     */  
    private Rect mBound;  
    private Paint mPaint; 
    public MyFirstCustomerView(Context context) {
        this(context,null);
    }

    //默认情况下，系统调用的是这个构造函数
    public MyFirstCustomerView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        this(context,attrs,0);
    }

    public MyFirstCustomerView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {
        super(context, attrs, defStyle);
        this.mContext = context;
        //获取 TypedArray 对象
        TypedArray _TypedArray = mContext.getTheme().obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,  R.styleable.MyFirstCustomerView, 0, 0);
        try {
            mText = _TypedArray.getString(R.styleable.MyFirstCustomerView_text);
            mTextColor = _TypedArray.getColor(R.styleable.MyFirstCustomerView_textColor, Color.BLACK); 
            mTextSize = _TypedArray.getDimensionPixelSize(R.styleable.MyFirstCustomerView_textSize, 
                    (int) TypedValue.applyDimension(TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_SP, 16, getResources().getDisplayMetrics())); 
        } finally {
            _TypedArray.recycle();
        }
        /** 
         * 获得绘制文本的宽和高 
         */  
        mPaint = new Paint();  
        mPaint.setTextSize(mTextSize);
        mPaint.setTextAlign(Paint.Align.CENTER);
        mBound = new Rect(); 
        Log.i("Tag", "TextLength:" + mText.length());
        mPaint.getTextBounds(mText, 0, mText.length(), mBound); 
    }

    @Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        Log.i("Tag", "onMeasure():");
        int _WidthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
        int _WidthSpec = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
        int _HeightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
        int _HeightSpec = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
        int _Width;
        int _Height;
        //宽度
        if(_WidthMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY){
            _Width = _WidthSpec;
        }else{
            mPaint.setTextSize(mTextSize);  
            mPaint.getTextBounds(mText, 0, mText.length(), mBound);  
            float _TextWidth = mBound.width();  
            _Width = (int) (getPaddingLeft() + _TextWidth + getPaddingRight());  
        }
        //高度
        if(_HeightMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY){
            _Height = _HeightSpec;
        }else{
            mPaint.setTextSize(mTextSize);  
            mPaint.getTextBounds(mText, 0, mText.length(), mBound);  
            float _TextHeight = mBound.height();  
            _Height = (int) (getPaddingTop() + _TextHeight + getPaddingBottom());  
        }

        setMeasuredDimension(_Width, _Height);  
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        Log.i("Tag", "onDraw():");
        mPaint.setColor(Color.YELLOW);  
        Log.i("Tag", "getMeasuredWidth():" + getMeasuredWidth() + "   " + getMeasuredHeight());
        canvas.drawRect(0, 0, getMeasuredWidth(), getMeasuredHeight(), mPaint); 

        mPaint.setColor(mTextColor);
        Log.i("Tag", "getWidth():" + getWidth() + "   " + getHeight());
        Log.i("Tag", "mBound.width():" + mBound.width() + "   " + mBound.height());
        canvas.drawText(mText, getWidth() / 2, getHeight() / 2 + mBound.height() / 2, mPaint);  
    }
}

4.运行我们程序就会如下界面：