Android消息处理（二）进程间通信

 

使用Handler+Message的方式进行通信，都是在同一个进程中，从线程持有一个主线程的Handler对象，并向主线程发送消息。

而Android既然可以使用bindler机制进行跨进行通信，所以我们当然可以将Handler与bindler结合起来进行跨进程发送消息。

Messenger:信使

官方文档解释：它引用了一个Handler对象，以便others能够向它发送消息(使用mMessenger.send(Message msg)方法)。该类允许跨进程间基于Message的通信(即两个进程间可以通过Message进行通信)，在服务端使用Handler创建一个Messenger，客户端持有这个Messenger就可以与服务端通信了。

一般使用方法如下：

1. 远程通过
   mMessenger = new Messenger(mHandler)  
   创建一个信使对象
2. 客户端使用bindlerService请求连接远程
3. 远程onBind方法返回一个bindler
   return mMessenger.getBinder();
4. 客户端使用远程返回的bindler得到一个信使（即得到远程信使）
   public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) 
   {
        rMessenger = new Messenger(service);
   　　......
   }
   这里虽然是new了一个Messenger，但我们查看它的实现
   /**
        * Create a Messenger from a raw IBinder, which had previously been
        * retrieved with {@link #getBinder}.
        * 
        * @param target The IBinder this Messenger should communicate with.
        */
       public Messenger(IBinder target) {
           mTarget = IMessenger.Stub.asInterface(target);
       }
   发现它的mTarget是通过Aidl得到的，实际上就是远程创建的那个。
5. 客户端可以使用这个远程信使对象向远程发送消息：rMessenger.send(msg);这样远程服务端的Handler对象就能收到消息了，然后可以在其handlerMessage(Message msg)方法中进行处理。（该Handler对象就是第一步服务端创建Messenger时使用的参数mHandler）.

经过这５个步骤貌似只有客户端向服务端发送消息，这样的消息传递是单向的，那么如何实现双向传递呢？

首先需要在第５步稍加修改，在send(msg)前通过msm.replyTo = mMessenger将自己的信使设置到消息中，这样服务端接收到消息时同时也得到了客户端的信使对象了，然后服务端可以通过

//得到客户端的信使对象，并向它发送消息
cMessenger = msg.replyTo;
cMessenger.send(message);

即完成了从服务端向客户端发送消息的功能，这样客服端可以在自己的Handler对象的handlerMessage方法中接收服务端发送来的message进行处理。双向通信宣告完成。

 

下面改写ApiDemos工程实现Messenger通信

MessengerService.java

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package   com.xwangly.apidemo.app;   import   java.util.Random;   import   android.app.Service; import   android.content.Intent; import   android.os.Handler; import   android.os.IBinder; import   android.os.Message; import   android.os.Messenger; import   android.os.RemoteException; import   android.util.Log;   public   class   MessengerService extends   Service {      private   String TAG = "MessengerService" ;        @Override      public   void   onDestroy() {          // TODO Auto-generated method stub          Log.i(TAG, "onDestroy" );          cMessenger = null ;          super .onDestroy();      }        @Override      public   boolean   onUnbind(Intent intent) {          // TODO Auto-generated method stub          Log.i(TAG, "onUnbind" );          return   super .onUnbind(intent);      }        static   final   int   MSG_REGISTER_CLIENT = 1 ;      static   final   int   MSG_UNREGISTER_CLIENT = 2 ;      static   final   int   MSG_SET_VALUE = 3 ;        private   Random random = new   Random();        private   Handler mHandler = new   Handler() {            @Override          public   void   handleMessage(Message msg) {              // TODO Auto-generated method stub              Log.i(TAG, "handleMessage" );              switch   (msg.what) {              case   MSG_SET_VALUE:                  try   {                      Message message = Message.obtain( null ,                              MessengerService.MSG_SET_VALUE);                      message.arg1 = random.nextInt( 100 );                                            //得到客户端的信使对象，并向它发送消息                      cMessenger = msg.replyTo;                      cMessenger.send(message);                  } catch   (RemoteException e) {                      // TODO Auto-generated catch block                      e.printStackTrace();                  }                  break ;              default :                  super .handleMessage(msg);              }            }      };        /**       * 自己的信使对象       */      private   Messenger mMessenger = new   Messenger(mHandler);        /**       * 客户的信使       */      private   Messenger cMessenger;        @Override      public   IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {          // TODO Auto-generated method stub          Log.i(TAG, "onBind" );          //返回自己信使的bindler,以供客户端通过这个bindler得到服务端的信使对象（通过new Messenger(bindler)）          return   mMessenger.getBinder();      }        @Override      public   void   onRebind(Intent intent) {          // TODO Auto-generated method stub          Log.i(TAG, "onRebind" );        }   }

MessengerServiceActivities.java

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package   com.xwangly.apidemo.app;   import   com.xwangly.apidemo.R;   import   android.app.Activity; import   android.content.ComponentName; import   android.content.Intent; import   android.content.ServiceConnection; import   android.os.Bundle; import   android.os.Handler; import   android.os.IBinder; import   android.os.Message; import   android.os.Messenger; import   android.os.RemoteException; import   android.util.Log; import   android.view.View; import   android.widget.TextView;   public   class   MessengerServiceActivities {      public   static   class   Binding extends   Activity implements              View.OnClickListener {          private   String TAG = "Binding" ;            TextView mCallbackText;            private   boolean   isBound;            @Override          protected   void   onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {              // TODO Auto-generated method stub              super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);              setContentView(R.layout.messenger_service_binding);              findViewById(R.id.bind).setOnClickListener( this );              findViewById(R.id.unbind).setOnClickListener( this );                mCallbackText = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.callback);              mCallbackText.setText( "Not attached." );            }            private   Handler mHandler = new   Handler() {              @Override              public   void   handleMessage(Message msg) {                  Log.i(TAG, "handleMessage" );                  switch   (msg.what) {                  case   MessengerService.MSG_SET_VALUE:                      mCallbackText.setText( "Received from service: "   + msg.arg1);                      break ;                  default :                      super .handleMessage(msg);                  }              }          };            /**           * 自己的信使           */          private   Messenger mMessenger;                    /**           * 远程服务的信使           */          private   Messenger rMessenger;                    private   ServiceConnection connection = new   ServiceConnection() {                public   void   onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {                  // TODO Auto-generated method stub                  Log.i(TAG, "onServiceConnected" );                  rMessenger = new   Messenger(service);                  mMessenger = new   Messenger(mHandler);                                    sendMessage();              }                  public   void   onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {                  // TODO Auto-generated method stub                  rMessenger = null ;              }          };            public   void   onClick(View v) {              // TODO Auto-generated method stub              Intent intent = new   Intent(                      "com.xwangly.apidemo.app.messenger_service" );              switch   (v.getId()) {              case   R.id.bind:                  if   (!isBound) {                      isBound = bindService(intent, connection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);                      //isBound = true;                  } else   {                      sendMessage();                  }                  break ;              case   R.id.unbind:                  if   (isBound) {                      unbindService(connection);                      isBound = false ;                  }                  break ;              default :                  break ;              }          }                    /**           * 使用服务端的信使向它发送一个消息。           */          private   void   sendMessage() {              // TODO Auto-generated method stub              Message message = Message.obtain( null , MessengerService.MSG_SET_VALUE);              message.replyTo = mMessenger;              try   {                  rMessenger.send(message);              } catch   (RemoteException e) {                  // TODO Auto-generated catch block                  e.printStackTrace();              }          }        }   }

 

AndroidManifest.xml相关配置如下：

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< service   android:name = ".app.MessengerService"   >      < intent-filter >          < action   android:name = "com.xwangly.apidemo.app.messenger_service"   />      </ intent-filter > </ service > < activity   android:name = ".app.MessengerServiceActivities$Binding"          android:label = "@string/activity_messenger_service_binding"          android:launchMode = "singleTop" >      < intent-filter >          < action   android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN"   />          < category   android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"   />      </ intent-filter > </ activity >