Push的原理:
Push 的工作机制可以简单的概括为下图
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141557a828yn8uytj3juwf.jpg)
图中,Provider是指某个iPhone软件的Push服务器,这篇文章我将使用.net作为Provider。
APNS 是Apple Push Notification Service(Apple Push服务器)的缩写,是苹果的服务器。
上图可以分为三个阶段。
第一阶段:Push服务器应用程序把要发送的消息、目的iPhone的标识打包,发给APNS。
第二阶段:APNS在自身的已注册Push服务的iPhone列表中,查找有相应标识的iPhone,并把消息发到iPhone。
第三阶段:iPhone把发来的消息传递给相应的应用程序, 并且按照设定弹出Push通知。
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141557lyoe7wzoyoxpssey.jpg)
从上图我们可以看到。
1、首先是应用程序注册消息推送。
2、 IOS跟APNS Server要deviceToken。应用程序接受deviceToken。
3、应用程序将deviceToken发送给PUSH服务端程序。
4、 服务端程序向APNS服务发送消息。
5、APNS服务将消息发送给iPhone应用程序。
无论是iPhone客户端跟APNS,还是Provider和APNS都需要通过证书进行连接的。下面介绍一下所用到证书的制作。
一、CSR文件
1、生成Certificate Signing Request(CSR)
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141557wdjmafcmi7hcct52.jpg)
2、填写你的邮箱和常用名称,并选择保存到硬盘。
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141557trwdkxxjzjnc1j1n.jpg)
点击继续:
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141557cg1uu1bxhipmbig9.jpg)
这样就在本地生成了一个PushTest.certSigningRequest文件。
二、SSL certificate文件
1、用你付过费的帐号登录到iOS Provisioning Portal,并创建Certificates(已创建可省略),如下图:
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141557mwmtpphpt5hnectp.jpg)
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141557x0g9ugww9wzw22nm.jpg)
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141557z557b5w664bpvwv6.jpg)
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141557g4ezg5xzulengbzg.jpg)
点击Submit
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141557tq330fuawjqpwwjv.jpg)
创建Certificate完毕。
2、新建一个App ID
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141557jcghychg0czhcqj8.jpg)
点击New App ID
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141557xsfa8u9amxa96f33.jpg)
输入Description,Bundle Identifier,点击Submit,新建App ID完毕。
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141557jcghychg0czhcqj8.jpg)
点击New App ID
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141557xsfa8u9amxa96f33.jpg)
输入Description,Bundle Identifier,点击Submit,新建App ID完毕。
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141557by80uhmfqhsmzg8u.jpg)
找到新建的App ID 点击右侧的Configure:
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141558w39s3mmrx97v8x7j.jpg)
Development Push SSL Certificate ,与Production Push SSL Certificate 区别在于一个是用于开发的推送证书,一个是用于发布产品的推送证书。两个证书获取到的终端deviceToken是不一样的,用两个证书生成的P12证书用于JAVA后台连接APNS的服务器地址也是不同的,Development Push SSL Certificate 对应连接的服务器地址是:gateway.sandbox.push.apple.com。Production Push SSL Certificate 对应连接的服务器地址是:gateway.push.apple.com。
点击Development Push SSL Certificate一行后的Configure:
点击Continue:
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141558obvwythb5wtwpvyo.jpg)
点击Continue:
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141558onbbqqunrzqqda1j.jpg)
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141558wczqf8ek54vu4qq8.jpg)
选择前面生成好的PushTest.certSigningRequest文件,点击Generate,出现如下所示的页面:
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141558uzh4t7fhzy13hjqg.jpg)
点击Continue:
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141558o318o3ryr1ytcj3p.jpg)
点击Download,下载生成的支持推送服务的证书(命名为:aps_development-6.cer)。
点击Done,你会发现状态变成了Enabled:
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141558cym9yggbhygsgcs9.jpg)
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141558cym9yggbhygsgcs9.jpg)
到现在为止,我们已经生成了两个文件:
1、PushTest.certSigningRequest
2、aps_development-6.cer(下载生成的支持推送服务的证书。)
双击aps_development-6.cer注册到你的钥匙串中,这样你的钥匙串中就会有
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141558mjwscezmavzjwnvp.jpg)
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141558mjwscezmavzjwnvp.jpg)
三、准备profile证书,因为推送消息只能在真机上测试,所以要建一个profile证书
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141558ahh223z4henhj27d.jpg)
点击"new profile"为上面新建的APP ID建个profile ,成功之后下载pushtestdescDevprofile.mobileprovision
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141558fg0lg1plc9k0370c.jpg)
双击将其加入到xcode 的Provisioning Profiles 中。
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141558ahh223z4henhj27d.jpg)
点击"new profile"为上面新建的APP ID建个profile ,成功之后下载pushtestdescDevprofile.mobileprovision
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141558fg0lg1plc9k0370c.jpg)
双击将其加入到xcode 的Provisioning Profiles 中。
四、生成JAVA后台用于连接APNS的证书:
打开钥匙串
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141558cr4bdvhrkkv0dhdl.jpg)
选中Apple Development IOS Push Services:com.easecom.zhwgpushtestdesc,右键将其导出。
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141558g3kq999ptwwbcuez.jpg)
导出用于JAVA后台连接APNS的P12证书。
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141558vyy90y6ayzm595f5.jpg)
输入p12 证书的密码,本文中我用的是123456。记住这个密码,JAVA后台使用p12证书的时候要用到。
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141558dliys7998l3aryb9.jpg)
输入访问钥匙串的密码:系统登陆密码。
导出PushTest.p12证书完毕。
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141558cr4bdvhrkkv0dhdl.jpg)
选中Apple Development IOS Push Services:com.easecom.zhwgpushtestdesc,右键将其导出。
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141558g3kq999ptwwbcuez.jpg)
导出用于JAVA后台连接APNS的P12证书。
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141558vyy90y6ayzm595f5.jpg)
输入p12 证书的密码,本文中我用的是123456。记住这个密码,JAVA后台使用p12证书的时候要用到。
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141558dliys7998l3aryb9.jpg)
输入访问钥匙串的密码:系统登陆密码。
![](http://www.apkbus.com/data/attachment/forum/201308/02/141558qu4muc01z0ip13uc.jpg)
|
到现在为止,我们已经生成了四个文件:
1、PushTest.certSigningRequest
2、aps_development-6.cer(下载生成的支持推送服务的证书。)
3、pushtestdescDevprofile.mobileprovision
4、PushTest.p12
4、PushTest.p12
至此IOS消息推送(JAVA后台)证书全部制作完毕。
下面开始上代码:
五、IOS端代码:
1、首先在项目的AppDelegate.m中加入以下两个代理方法
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken:(NSData *)deviceToken {
NSString *token = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", deviceToken];
NSString *token = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", deviceToken];
//获取终端设备标识,这个标识需要通过接口发送到服务器端,服务器端推送消息到APNS时需要知道终端的标识,APNS通过注册的终端标识找到终端设备。
NSLog(@"My token is:%@", token);
}
NSLog(@"My token is:%@", token);
}
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError:(NSError *)error {
NSString *error_str = [NSString stringWithFormat: @"%@", error];
NSLog(@"Failed to get token, error:%@", error_str);
}
NSString *error_str = [NSString stringWithFormat: @"%@", error];
NSLog(@"Failed to get token, error:%@", error_str);
}
2、在AppDelegate.m的(BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions方法中加入注册消息通知推送能力;加入当应用程序处于未启动状态时,判断是否由远程消息通知触发;加入清除消息推送通知标记。
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions
{
{
//判断是否由远程消息通知触发应用程序启动
if ([launchOptions objectForKey:UIApplicationLaunchOptionsRemoteNotificationKey]!=nil) {
//获取应用程序消息通知标记数(即小红圈中的数字)
int badge = [UIApplication sharedApplication].applicationIconBadgeNumber;
if (badge>0) {
if (badge>0) {
//如果应用程序消息通知标记数(即小红圈中的数字)大于0,清除标记。
badge--;
//清除标记。清除小红圈中数字,小红圈中数字为0,小红圈才会消除。
[UIApplication sharedApplication].applicationIconBadgeNumber = badge;
}
}
[UIApplication sharedApplication].applicationIconBadgeNumber = badge;
}
}
//消息推送注册
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerForRemoteNotificationTypes:UIRemoteNotificationTypeSound|UIRemoteNotificationTypeAlert|UIRemoteNotificationTypeBadge];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerForRemoteNotificationTypes:UIRemoteNotificationTypeSound|UIRemoteNotificationTypeAlert|UIRemoteNotificationTypeBadge];
}
3、在项目AppDelegate.m中加入消息接收处理代理方法。
3、在项目AppDelegate.m中加入消息接收处理代理方法。
//处理收到的消息推送
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application
didReceiveRemoteNotification:(NSDictionary *)userInfo
{
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application
didReceiveRemoteNotification:(NSDictionary *)userInfo
{
//在此处理接收到的消息。
NSLog(@"Receive remote notification : %@",userInfo);
}
六、JAVA后台代码:
NSLog(@"Receive remote notification : %@",userInfo);
}
六、JAVA后台代码:
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{
try
{
//从客户端获取的deviceToken,在此为了测试简单,写固定的一个测试设备标识。
String deviceToken = "df779eda 73258894 5882ec78 3ac7b254 6ebc66fe fa295924 440d34ad 6505f8c4"
{
try
{
//从客户端获取的deviceToken,在此为了测试简单,写固定的一个测试设备标识。
String deviceToken = "df779eda 73258894 5882ec78 3ac7b254 6ebc66fe fa295924 440d34ad 6505f8c4"
System.out.println("Push Start deviceToken:" + deviceToken);
//定义消息模式
PayLoad payLoad = new PayLoad();
payLoad.addAlert("this is test!");
payLoad.addBadge(1);//消息推送标记数,小红圈中显示的数字。
payLoad.addSound("default");
//注册deviceToken
PushNotificationManager pushManager = PushNotificationManager.getInstance();
pushManager.addDevice("iPhone", deviceToken);
//连接APNS
String host = "gateway.sandbox.push.apple.com";
//String host = "gateway.push.apple.com";
int port = 2195;
//定义消息模式
PayLoad payLoad = new PayLoad();
payLoad.addAlert("this is test!");
payLoad.addBadge(1);//消息推送标记数,小红圈中显示的数字。
payLoad.addSound("default");
//注册deviceToken
PushNotificationManager pushManager = PushNotificationManager.getInstance();
pushManager.addDevice("iPhone", deviceToken);
//连接APNS
String host = "gateway.sandbox.push.apple.com";
//String host = "gateway.push.apple.com";
int port = 2195;
String certificatePath = "c:/PushTest.p12";//前面生成的用于JAVA后台连接APNS服务的*.p12文件位置
String certificatePassword = "123456";//p12文件密码。
pushManager.initializeConnection(host, port, certificatePath, certificatePassword, SSLConnectionHelper.KEYSTORE_TYPE_PKCS12);
//发送推送
Device client = pushManager.getDevice("iPhone");
System.out.println("推送消息: " + client.getToken()+"\n"+payLoad.toString() +" ");
pushManager.sendNotification(client, payLoad);
//停止连接APNS
pushManager.stopConnection();
//删除deviceToken
pushManager.removeDevice("iPhone");
System.out.println("Push End");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
String certificatePassword = "123456";//p12文件密码。
pushManager.initializeConnection(host, port, certificatePath, certificatePassword, SSLConnectionHelper.KEYSTORE_TYPE_PKCS12);
//发送推送
Device client = pushManager.getDevice("iPhone");
System.out.println("推送消息: " + client.getToken()+"\n"+payLoad.toString() +" ");
pushManager.sendNotification(client, payLoad);
//停止连接APNS
pushManager.stopConnection();
//删除deviceToken
pushManager.removeDevice("iPhone");
System.out.println("Push End");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
至此大功告成,测试通过。
以上在Iphone4,IPAD2设备测试通过,Iphone3g,3gs需要打PushDoctor(推送医生)补丁才能测试通过。