LeetCode 37: Sudoku Solver

Sudoku Solver

Write a program to solve a Sudoku puzzle by filling the empty cells.

Empty cells are indicated by the character '.'.

You may assume that there will be only one unique solution.

A sudoku puzzle, and its solution numbers marked in red.

解题思路

采用回溯法（Backtracking）求解，代码如下：

class Solution {
private:
    // 检测第 x 行，第 y 列是否有效
    bool isValidSudoku(vector<vector<char>>& board, int row, int col) {
        // 行
        for(int j = 0; j < 9; j++)  
            if(j != col && board[row][j] == board[row][col])  
                return false;  
        // 列
        for(int i = 0; i < 9; i++)  
            if(i != row && board[i][col] == board[row][col])  
                return false;  
        // 九宫格
        int gridRow = row/3*3, gridCol = col/3*3;  
        for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++)  
            for(int j = 0; j < 3; j++)      
                if(gridRow + i != row && gridCol + j != col && 
                    board[gridRow + i][gridCol + j] == board[row][col])  
                    return false;  

        return true;
    }

    bool internalSolver(vector<vector<char>>& board) {
        for (int i = 0; i < 9; ++i) {
            for (int j = 0; j < 9; ++j) {
                if (board[i][j] == '.') {
                    // 若board[i][j] == '.'，则尝试填入数字1-9
                    for (int k = 0; k < 9; ++k) {
                        board[i][j] = '1' + k;

                        // 当前填入的数字有效，递归解决余下部分
                        if (isValidSudoku(board, i, j)) {
                            if (internalSolver(board)) {
                                // 余下部分成功解决，则board已填充完全
                                return true;
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    //该空格无论设置什么数字都无法达到合法状态，回溯
                    board[i][j] = '.';
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

public:
    void solveSudoku(vector<vector<char>>& board) {
        internalSolver(board);
    }
};

这里提供了一个JavaScript实现的 Sudoku puzzle solver 和一些相关链接。