Centos7和RHEL7最小安装中竟然没有我最常用的ifconfig和netstat
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# ifconfig
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-bash: ifconfig: command not found
很好,原来centos/rhel准备把这两个指令作废,那怎么办?一是安装,二是改用别的指令。
安装
yum有提供一个寻找程式所属套件的方法
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# yum provides ifconfig
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# yum whatprovides ifconfig
安装 infconfig
# yum install net-tools
安装 traceroute
# yum install traceroute
这样装完就有ifconfig
、netstat
和route
以及traceroute
和traceroute6
了
改用别的指令
其实ifconfig在7版中全部有新指令代替,所以可能要学习新的方法。
ifconfig改用ip addr
这个和ifconfig 显示的一样
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# ip addr
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1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
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link/loopback 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00 brd 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00
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inet 127.0. 0. 1/ 8 scope host lo
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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inet6 :: 1/ 128 scope host
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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2: ens192: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
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link/ether 00: 50: 56:ba:0b: 07 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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inet 163.17.xx.xx/ 25 brd 163.17. 40.127 scope global ens192
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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inet6 2001: 288: 5400: 0: 250: 56ff:feba:b07/ 64 scope global dynamic
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valid_lft 2591718sec preferred_lft 2591718sec
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inet6 fe8 0:: 250: 56ff:feba:b07/ 64 scope link
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
查看介面传输状态-s
是详细显示
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# ip -s link
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1: lo: <loopback,up,lower_up> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT
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link/loopback 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00 brd 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00
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RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast
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4400 45 0 0 0 0
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TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns
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4400 45 0 0 0 0
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2: ens192: <broadcast,multicast,up,lower_up> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
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link/ether 00: 50: 56:ba:0b: 07 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
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RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast
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207938930 2541628 0 1809366 0 495
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TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns
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788417 8512 0 0 0 0
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# ip link
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1: lo: <loopback,up,lower_up> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT
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link/loopback 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00 brd 00: 00: 00: 00: 00: 00
-
2: ens192: <broadcast,multicast,up,lower_up> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
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link/ether 00: 50: 56:ba:0b: 07 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
netstat改用ss
netstat是很重要的连线观察工具,使用新的指令ss来取代,功能也是差不多。
TCP listen
# ss -lt
UDP listen
# ss -ul
TCP连线
# ss -t
较全 :
ss -tupln 或者 ss -p 也能看到大部分,实在不行ps也能代替
traceroute/traceroute6改成tracepath
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# tracepath 168 .95 .1 .1
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1: 163 .17 .XX .XX 0 .187ms pmtu 1500
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1: 163 .17 .40 .126 0 .263ms
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2: 163 .17 .38 .250 0 .555ms
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3: br-NCHU-APTG .TANet .edu .tw 19 .799ms
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4: no reply
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5: tchn-3302 .hinet .net 1 .395ms asymm 6
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6: tchn-3011 .hinet .net 15 .089ms
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7: 202 -39-179-185 .HINET-IP .hinet .net 1 .533ms
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8: 202 -39-179-173 .HINET-IP .hinet .net 4 .435ms reached
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Resume: pmtu 1500 hops 8 back 248
route改为ip -route
route table 看起来有点不习惯
# ip route
route6 IPv6的route table
# ip -6 rou
arp改为ip nei查看附件的arp和IPv6的neighbor,这个把v6 v4整合的还不错。
# ip neighbor
网卡接口开关
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# ifconfig eth1 up
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# ifconfig eth1 down
改为
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# ip l set eth1 up
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# ip l set eth1 down
结论
还是建议学习新的使用方法,旧的迟早会过时的