STL概述

STL = Standard Template Library，标准模板库。包含容器(Container)、迭代器(Iterator)、算法(algorithm)。

一、容器

Sequence containers（序列容器）

Sequence containers implement data structures which can be accessed sequentially.

array (since C++11)	static contiguous array (class template)
vector	dynamic contiguous array (class template)
deque	double-ended queue (class template)
forward_list (since C++11)	singly-linked list (class template)
list	doubly-linked list (class template)

 Associative containers（关联容器）

Associative containers implement sorted data structures that can be quickly searched (O(log n) complexity).

set	collection of unique keys, sorted by keys (class template)
map	collection of key-value pairs, sorted by keys, keys are unique (class template)
multiset	collection of keys, sorted by keys (class template)
multimap	collection of key-value pairs, sorted by keys (class template)

Unordered associative containers（未排序关联容器）

Associative containers implement unsorted (hashed) data structures that can be quickly searched (O(1) amortized,O(n) worst-case complexity).

unordered_set (since C++11)	collection of unique keys, hashed by keys (class template)
unordered_map (since C++11)	collection of key-value pairs, hashed by keys, keys are unique (class template)
unordered_multiset (since C++11)	collection of keys, hashed by keys (class template)
unordered_multimap (since C++11)	collection of key-value pairs, hashed by keys (class template)

Container adaptors（容器适配器）

Container adaptors provide a different interface for sequential containers.

stack	adapts a container to provide stack (LIFO data structure) (class template)
queue	adapts a container to provide queue (FIFO data structure) (class template)
priority_queue	adapts a container to provide priority queue (class template)

Member map

This is a comparison chart with the different member functions present on each of the different containers:

			Sequence containers			Associative containers
Headers			<vector>	<deque>	<list>	<set>		<map>		<bitset>
Members		complex	vector	deque	list	set	multiset	map	multimap	bitset
	constructor	*	constructor	constructor	constructor	constructor	constructor	constructor	constructor	constructor
	destructor	O(n)	destructor	destructor	destructor	destructor	destructor	destructor	destructor
	operator=	O(n)	operator=	operator=	operator=	operator=	operator=	operator=	operator=	operators
iterators	begin	O(1)	begin	begin	begin	begin	begin	begin	begin
	end	O(1)	end	end	end	end	end	end	end
	rbegin	O(1)	rbegin	rbegin	rbegin	rbegin	rbegin	rbegin	rbegin
	rend	O(1)	rend	rend	rend	rend	rend	rend	rend
capacity	size	*	size	size	size	size	size	size	size	size
	max_size	*	max_size	max_size	max_size	max_size	max_size	max_size	max_size
	empty	O(1)	empty	empty	empty	empty	empty	empty	empty
	resize	O(n)	resize	resize	resize
element access	front	O(1)	front	front	front
	back	O(1)	back	back	back
	operator[]	*	operator[]	operator[]				operator[]		operator[]
	at	O(1)	at	at
modifiers	assign	O(n)	assign	assign	assign
	insert	*	insert	insert	insert	insert	insert	insert	insert
	erase	*	erase	erase	erase	erase	erase	erase	erase
	swap	O(1)	swap	swap	swap	swap	swap	swap	swap
	clear	O(n)	clear	clear	clear	clear	clear	clear	clear
	push_front	O(1)		push_front	push_front
	pop_front	O(1)		pop_front	pop_front
	push_back	O(1)	push_back	push_back	push_back
	pop_back	O(1)	pop_back	pop_back	pop_back
observers	key_comp	O(1)				key_comp	key_comp	key_comp	key_comp
	value_comp	O(1)				value_comp	value_comp	value_comp	value_comp
operations	find	O(log n)				find	find	find	find
	count	O(log n)				count	count	count	count	count
	lower_bound	O(log n)				lower_bound	lower_bound	lower_bound	lower_bound
	upper_bound	O(log n)				upper_bound	upper_bound	upper_bound	upper_bound
	equal_range	O(log n)				equal_range	equal_range	equal_range	equal_range
unique members			capacity reserve		splice remove remove_if unique merge sort reverse					set reset flip to_ulong to_string test any none

Amortized complexity shown. Legend: O(1) constant < O(log n) logarithmic < O(n) linear; *=depends on container

Container adaptors:

			Container Adaptors
Headers			<stack>	<queue>
Members			stack	queue	priority_queue
	constructor	*	constructor	constructor	constructor
capacity	size	O(1)	size	size	size
	empty	O(1)	empty	empty	empty
element access	front	O(1)		front
	back	O(1)		back
	top	O(1)	top		top
modifiers	push	O(1)	push	push	push
	pop	O(1)	pop	pop	pop