C# 中操作API

作为初学者来说,在C#中使用API确是一件令人头疼的问题。在使用API之间你必须知道如何在C#中使用结构、类型转换、安全/不安全代码,可控/不可控代码等许多知识。 

  一切从简单开始,复杂的大家一时不能接受。我们就从实现一个简单的MessageBox开始。首先打开VS.Net ,创建一个新的C#工程,并添加一个Button按钮。当这个按钮被点击,则显示一个MessageBox对话框。 

  即然我们需要引用外来库,所以必须导入一个Namespace:

  using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

 


  接着添加下面的代码来声明一个API:

 

  [DllImport("User32.dll")] 

  public static extern int MessageBox(int h, string m, string c, int type);

 


  此处DllImport属性被用来从不可控代码中调用一方法。”User32.dll”则设定了类库名。DllImport属性指定dll的位置,这个dll中包括调用的外部方法。Static修饰符则声明一个静态元素,而这个元素属于类型本身而不是上面指定的对象。extern则表示这个方法将在工程外部执行,使用DllImport导入的方法必须使用extern修饰符。 

  MessageBox 则是函数名,拥有4个参数,其返回值为数字。 

  大多数的API都能传递并返回值。 

  添中Click点击事件代码:

 

  protected void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) 

  { 

      MessageBox (0,"API Message Box","API Demo",0); 

  }

 



  编译并运行这个程序,当你点击按钮后,你将会看到对话框,这便是你使用的API函数。 

  使用结构体 

  操作带有结构体的API比使用简单的API要复杂的多。但是一旦你掌握了API的过程,那个整个API世界将在你的掌握之中。 

  下面的例子中我们将使用GetSystemInfo API 来获取整个系统的信息。 

  第一步还是打开C#建立一个Form工程,同样的添中一个Button按钮,在代码窗中输入下面的代码,导入Namespace:

 

  using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

 


  声明一个结构体,它将做为GetSystemInfo的一个参数:

 



  [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] 

  public struct SYSTEM_INFO { 

      public uint dwOemId; 

      public uint dwPageSize; 

      public uint lpMinimumApplicationAddress; 

      public uint lpMaximumApplicationAddress; 

      public uint dwActiveProcessorMask; 

      public uint dwNumberOfProcessors; 

      public uint dwProcessorType; 

      public uint dwAllocationGranularity; 

      public uint dwProcessorLevel; 

      public uint dwProcessorRevision; 

  }

 


  声明API函数:

 



  [DllImport("kernel32")] 

  static extern void GetSystemInfo(ref SYSTEM_INFO pSI);

 



  添加下面的代码至按钮的点击事件处理中: 

  首先创建一个SYSTEM_INFO结构体,并将其传递给GetSystemInfo函数。

 



  protected void button1_Click (object sender, System.EventArgs e) 

  { 

      try 

      { 

          SYSTEM_INFO pSI = new SYSTEM_INFO(); 

          GetSystemInfo(ref pSI); 

          // 

          // 

          //

 


  一旦你接收到返回的结构体,那么就可以以返回的参数来执行操作了。

 



  e.g.listBox1.InsertItem (0,pSI.dwActiveProcessorMask.ToString());: 

          // 

          // 

          // 

     } 

     catch(Exception er) 

     { 

          MessageBox.Show (er.Message); 

     } 

  }

 

 //Created By Ajit Mungale 

  //程序补充 飞刀 

  namespace UsingAPI 

  { 

  using System; 

  using System.Drawing; 

  using System.Collections; 

  using System.ComponentModel; 

  using System.WinForms; 

  using System.Data; 

  using System.Runtime.InteropServices; 

  //Struct 收集系统信息 

  [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] 

  public struct SYSTEM_INFO { 

        public uint dwOemId; 

        public uint dwPageSize; 

        public uint lpMinimumApplicationAddress; 

        public uint lpMaximumApplicationAddress; 

        public uint dwActiveProcessorMask; 

        public uint dwNumberOfProcessors; 

        public uint dwProcessorType; 

        public uint dwAllocationGranularity; 

        public uint dwProcessorLevel; 

        public uint dwProcessorRevision; 

    } 

  //struct 收集内存情况 

  [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)] 

  public struct MEMORYSTATUS 

  { 

       public uint dwLength; 

       public uint dwMemoryLoad; 

       public uint dwTotalPhys; 

       public uint dwAvailPhys; 

       public uint dwTotalPageFile; 

       public uint dwAvailPageFile; 

       public uint dwTotalVirtual; 

       public uint dwAvailVirtual; 

  } 

  public class Form1 : System.WinForms.Form 

  { 

    private System.ComponentModel.Container components; 

    private System.WinForms.MenuItem menuAbout; 

    private System.WinForms.MainMenu mainMenu1; 

    private System.WinForms.ListBox listBox1; 

    private System.WinForms.Button button1; 

  //获取系统信息 

    [DllImport("kernel32")] 

    static extern void GetSystemInfo(ref SYSTEM_INFO pSI); 

    //获取内存信息 

    [DllImport("kernel32")] 

    static extern void GlobalMemoryStatus(ref MEMORYSTATUS buf); 

    //处理器类型 

    public const int PROCESSOR_INTEL_386 = 386; 

    public const int PROCESSOR_INTEL_486 = 486; 

    public const int PROCESSOR_INTEL_PENTIUM = 586; 

    public const int PROCESSOR_MIPS_R4000 = 4000; 

    public const int PROCESSOR_ALPHA_21064 = 21064; 

    public Form1() 

    { 

      InitializeComponent(); 

    } 

    public override void Dispose() 

    { 

      base.Dispose(); 

      components.Dispose(); 

    } 

    private void InitializeComponent() 

     { 

       this.components = new System.ComponentModel.Container (); 

       this.mainMenu1 = new System.WinForms.MainMenu (); 

       this.button1 = new System.WinForms.Button (); 

       this.listBox1 = new System.WinForms.ListBox (); 

       this.menuAbout = new System.WinForms.MenuItem (); 

       mainMenu1.MenuItems.All = new System.WinForms.MenuItem[1] {this.menuAbout}; 

       button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point (148, 168); 

       button1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size (112, 32); 

       button1.TabIndex = 0; 

       button1.Text = "&Get Info"; 

       button1.Click += new System.EventHandler (this.button1_Click); 

       listBox1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point (20, 8); 

       listBox1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size (368, 147); 

       listBox1.TabIndex = 1; 

       menuAbout.Text = "&About"; 

       menuAbout.Index = 0; 

       menuAbout.Click += new System.EventHandler (this.menuAbout_Click); 

       this.Text = "System Information - Using API"; 

       this.MaximizeBox = false; 

       this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size (5, 13); 

       this.MinimizeBox = false; 

       this.Menu = this.mainMenu1; 

       this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size (408, 213); 

       this.Controls.Add (this.listBox1); 

       this.Controls.Add (this.button1); 

    } 

    protected void menuAbout_Click (object sender, System.EventArgs e) 

    { 

       Form abt=new about() ; 

       abt.ShowDialog(); 

    } 

    protected void button1_Click (object sender, System.EventArgs e) 

    { 

       try 

       { 

          SYSTEM_INFO pSI = new SYSTEM_INFO(); 

          GetSystemInfo(ref pSI); 

          string CPUType; 

          switch (pSI.dwProcessorType) 

          { 

            case PROCESSOR_INTEL_386 : 

               CPUType= "Intel 386"; 

               break; 

            case PROCESSOR_INTEL_486 : 

               CPUType = "Intel 486" ; 

              break; 

            case PROCESSOR_INTEL_PENTIUM : 

              CPUType = "Intel Pentium"; 

              break; 

            case PROCESSOR_MIPS_R4000 : 

              CPUType = "MIPS R4000"; 

              break; 

            case PROCESSOR_ALPHA_21064 : 

              CPUType = "DEC Alpha 21064"; 

              break; 

            default : 

              CPUType = "(unknown)"; 

         } 

         listBox1.InsertItem (0,"Active Processor Mask :"+pSI.dwActiveProcessorMask.ToString()); 

         listBox1.InsertItem (1,"Allocation Granularity :"+pSI.dwAllocationGranularity.ToString()); 

         listBox1.InsertItem (2,"Number Of Processors :"+pSI.dwNumberOfProcessors.ToString()); 

         listBox1.InsertItem (3,"OEM ID :"+pSI.dwOemId.ToString()); 

         listBox1.InsertItem (4,"Page Size:"+pSI.dwPageSize.ToString()); 

         listBox1.InsertItem (5,"Processor Level Value:"+pSI.dwProcessorLevel.ToString()); 

         listBox1.InsertItem (6,"Processor Revision:"+ pSI.dwProcessorRevision.ToString()); 

         listBox1.InsertItem (7,"CPU type:"+CPUType); 

         listBox1.InsertItem (8,"Maximum Application Address: "+pSI.lpMaximumApplicationAddress.ToString()); 

         listBox1.InsertItem (9,"Minimum Application Address:" +pSI.lpMinimumApplicationAddress.ToString()); 

         /************** 从 GlobalMemoryStatus 获取返回值****************/ 

         MEMORYSTATUS memSt = new MEMORYSTATUS (); 
         GlobalMemoryStatus (ref memSt);

         listBox1.InsertItem(10,"Available Page File :"+ (memSt.dwAvailPageFile/1024).ToString ()); 

         listBox1.InsertItem(11,"Available Physical Memory : " + (memSt.dwAvailPhys/1024).ToString()); 

         listBox1.InsertItem(12,"Available Virtual Memory:" + (memSt.dwAvailVirtual/1024).ToString ()); 

         listBox1.InsertItem(13,"Size of structur :" + memSt.dwLength.ToString()); 

         listBox1.InsertItem(14,"Memory In Use :"+ memSt.dwMemoryLoad.ToString()); 

         listBox1.InsertItem(15,"Total Page Size :"+ (memSt.dwTotalPageFile/1024).ToString ()); 

         listBox1.InsertItem(16,"Total Physical Memory :" + (memSt.dwTotalPhys/1024).ToString()); 

         listBox1.InsertItem(17,"Total Virtual Memory :" + (memSt.dwTotalVirtual/1024).ToString ()); 

       } 

       catch(Exception er) 

       { 

         MessageBox.Show (er.Message); 

       } 

    } 

    public static void Main(string[] args) 

    { 

      try 

       { 

          Application.Run(new Form1()); 

       } 

       catch(Exception er) 

       { 

          MessageBox.Show (er.Message ); 

       } 

   } 

  } 

}

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