xml 文档树

xml 文档树

XML documents form a tree structure that starts at "the root" and branches to "the leaves".
XML 文档树起始于“根元素”,并以此为基础扩展文档的分支结构。


An Example XML Document
下面举一个XML文档案例

XML documents use a self-describing and simple syntax:
XML 文档使用一种相对简单的自述性语法:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<note>
<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>
</note>

The first line is the XML declaration. It defines the XML version (1.0) and the encoding used (ISO-8859-1 = Latin-1/West European character set). 
代码的第一行对XML文档做出了声明。它定义了XML版本号(1.0)以及文档所使用的字符编码(ISO-8859-1:拉丁文/西欧字符集)。

The next line describes the root element of the document (like saying: "this document is a note"): 
接下来的一行定义了文档的根元素(指明该文档是一份便条):

<note>

The next 4 lines describe 4 child elements of the root (to, from, heading, and body):
再接下去的4行定义了根元素的4个子元素,分别是“to”、“form”、“heading”和“body”:

<to>Tove</to>
<from>Jani</from>
<heading>Reminder</heading>
<body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body>

And finally the last line defines the end of the root element:
文档的最后一行定义了根元素的结束标签:

</note>

You can assume, from this example, that the XML document contains a note to Tove from Jani.
举个例子来说,你可以假设这份XML文档是Jani递交给Tove的一张便条。

Don't you agree that XML is pretty self-descriptive?
通过上述案例,对于XML是一种完美的自述性语言这点应该毋庸置疑了吧?


XML Documents Form a Tree Structure
XML 树状结构文档

XML documents must contain a root element. This element is "the parent" of all other elements.
XML 文档必须包含一个根元素。这个根元素是其它所有元素的“父元素”。

The elements in an XML document form a document tree. The tree starts at the root and branches to the lowest level of the tree.
这些元素位于XML树状结构文档内。树状结构起始于根元素,并向更低级别的树状分支结构扩展。

All elements can have sub elements (child elements):
文档中所有的元素都可以包含二级元素(即:子元素):

<root>
  <child>
    <subchild>.....</subchild>
  </child>
</root>

The terms parent, child, and sibling are used to describe the relationships between elements. Parent elements have children. Children on the same level are called siblings (brothers or sisters).
这里提到的一些术语,如:父元素、子元素、同级元素使用与描述元素之间的相互关系的。父元素包含子元素;和子元素同级的称为同级元素(或兄弟、姐妹元素)。

All elements can have text content and attributes (just like in HTML).
所有的元素都包含文本内容和属性(这点和HTML极其类似)。


Example:
案例:

The image above represents one book in the XML below:
上述图表代表了下述XML文档中的一本书:

<bookstore>
<book category="COOKING">
  <title lang="en">Everyday Italian</title> 
  <author>Giada De Laurentiis</author> 
  <year>2005</year> 
  <price>30.00</price> 
</book>
<book category="CHILDREN">
  <title lang="en">Harry Potter</title> 
  <author>J K. Rowling</author> 
  <year>2005</year> 
  <price>29.99</price> 
</book>
<book category="WEB">
  <title lang="en">Learning XML</title> 
  <author>Erik T. Ray</author> 
  <year>2003</year> 
  <price>39.95</price> 
</book>
</bookstore>

The root element in the example is <bookstore>. All <book> elements in the document are contained within <bookstore>.
案例中的根元素是<bookstore>。文档内所有的<book>元素都位于<bookstore>内。

The <book> element has 4 children: <title>,< author>, <year>, <price>.
与此同时,<book>元素还包含了4个子元素:<title>、< author>、<year>、<price>。

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