ansible host详解

1、看看安装了那些
[root@elb ~]# rpm -ql ansible |more   
/etc/ansible                         
/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg   配置文件
/etc/ansible/hosts         主机清单
/etc/ansible/roles
/usr/bin/ansible
/usr/bin/ansible-console
/usr/bin/ansible-doc
/usr/bin/ansible-galaxy
/usr/bin/ansible-playbook
/usr/bin/ansible-pull
/usr/bin/ansible-vault
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/ansible
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/ansible-2.2.1.0-py2.6.egg-info
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/ansible-2.2.1.0-py2.6.egg-info/PKG-INFO
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/ansible-2.2.1.0-py2.6.egg-info/SOURCES.txt
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/ansible-2.2.1.0-py2.6.egg-info/dependency_links
.txt
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/ansible-2.2.1.0-py2.6.egg-info/requires.txt
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/ansible-2.2.1.0-py2.6.egg-info/top_level.txt
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/ansible/__init__.py
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/ansible/__init__.pyc
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/ansible/__init__.pyo
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/ansible/cli
。。。。。。。。。。。


2、命令详解
[root@elb ~]# ansible
Usage: ansible <host-pattern> [options]


Options:
  -a MODULE_ARGS, --args=MODULE_ARGS                       -a指定模块
                        module arguments
  --ask-vault-pass      ask for vault password
  -B SECONDS, --background=SECONDS
                        run asynchronously, failing after X seconds
                        (default=N/A)
  -C, --check           don't make any changes; instead, try to predict some
                        of the changes that may occur
  -D, --diff            when changing (small) files and templates, show the
                        differences in those files; works great with --check
  -e EXTRA_VARS, --extra-vars=EXTRA_VARS
                        set additional variables as key=value or YAML/JSON
  -f FORKS, --forks=FORKS
                        specify number of parallel processes to use
                        (default=5)
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -i INVENTORY, --inventory-file=INVENTORY                                指定主机，默认读主机列表
                        specify inventory host path
                        (default=/etc/ansible/hosts) or comma separated host
                        list.
  -l SUBSET, --limit=SUBSET
                        further limit selected hosts to an additional pattern
  --list-hosts          outputs a list of matching hosts; does not execute
                        anything else
  -m MODULE_NAME, --module-name=MODULE_NAME                               模块，默认为command
                        module name to execute (default=command)
  -M MODULE_PATH, --module-path=MODULE_PATH
                        specify path(s) to module library (default=None)
  --new-vault-password-file=NEW_VAULT_PASSWORD_FILE
                        new vault password file for rekey
  -o, --one-line        condense output
  --output=OUTPUT_FILE  output file name for encrypt or decrypt; use - for
                        stdout
  -P POLL_INTERVAL, --poll=POLL_INTERVAL
                        set the poll interval if using -B (default=15)
  --syntax-check        perform a syntax check on the playbook, but do not
                        execute it
  -t TREE, --tree=TREE  log output to this directory
  --vault-password-file=VAULT_PASSWORD_FILE
                        vault password file
  -v, --verbose         verbose mode (-vvv for more, -vvvv to enable
                        connection debugging)
  --version             show program's version number and exit


  Connection Options:
    control as whom and how to connect to hosts


    -k, --ask-pass      ask for connection password
    --private-key=PRIVATE_KEY_FILE, --key-file=PRIVATE_KEY_FILE
                        use this file to authenticate the connection
    -u REMOTE_USER, --user=REMOTE_USER  指定一个远程用户（远程主机上必须有，默认为root）                                  
                        connect as this user (default=None)
    -c CONNECTION, --connection=CONNECTION
                        connection type to use (default=smart)
    -T TIMEOUT, --timeout=TIMEOUT
                        override the connection timeout in seconds
                        (default=10)
    --ssh-common-args=SSH_COMMON_ARGS
                        specify common arguments to pass to sftp/scp/ssh (e.g.
                        ProxyCommand)
    --sftp-extra-args=SFTP_EXTRA_ARGS
                        specify extra arguments to pass to sftp only (e.g. -f,
                        -l)
    --scp-extra-args=SCP_EXTRA_ARGS
                        specify extra arguments to pass to scp only (e.g. -l)
    --ssh-extra-args=SSH_EXTRA_ARGS
                        specify extra arguments to pass to ssh only (e.g. -R)


  Privilege Escalation Options:
    control how and which user you become as on target hosts


    -s, --sudo          run operations with sudo (nopasswd) (deprecated, use
                        become)
    -U SUDO_USER, --sudo-user=SUDO_USER
                        desired sudo user (default=root) (deprecated, use
                        become)
    -S, --su            run operations with su (deprecated, use become)
    -R SU_USER, --su-user=SU_USER
                        run operations with su as this user (default=root)
                        (deprecated, use become)
    -b, --become        run operations with become (does not imply password
                        prompting)
    --become-method=BECOME_METHOD
                        privilege escalation method to use (default=sudo),
                        valid choices: [ sudo | su | pbrun | pfexec | doas |
                        dzdo | ksu ]
    --become-user=BECOME_USER
                        run operations as this user (default=root)
    --ask-sudo-pass     ask for sudo password (deprecated, use become)
    --ask-su-pass       ask for su password (deprecated, use become)
    -K, --ask-become-pass
                        ask for privilege escalation password


3、host列表讲解
[root@elb ~]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts 
# This is the default ansible 'hosts' file.
#
# It should live in /etc/ansible/hosts
#
#   - Comments begin with the '#' character
#   - Blank lines are ignored
#   - Groups of hosts are delimited by [header] elements
#   - You can enter hostnames or ip addresses
#   - A hostname/ip can be a member of multiple groups
[webservers]
192.168.3.49
[dbservers]
192.168.3.62


[root@elb ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts webservers -u root -m command -a ’ls /home‘ -k   （-k输入密码）
[root@elb ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts webservers -u root -m command -a 'ls /home'
192.168.3.49 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
wolf


默认的可以省略掉
ansible webservers -a 'ls /home'
[root@elb ~]# ansible webservers -a 'ls /home'
192.168.3.49 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
wolf


定义连续
[webservers]
192.168.3.49
[dbservers]
192.168.3.62
192.168.3.[1:10]     (表示1到10)

ansible模式是用ssh key的方式来进行连接，也可以-k输入密码方式

ansible all -m ping     ping是一个模块，没有任何参数
[root@elb ~]# ansible all -m ping
192.168.3.49 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
192.168.3.62 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
[root@elb ~]# ansible webservers -m ping   
192.168.3.49 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
[root@elb ~]# ansible dbservers -m ping            
192.168.3.62 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}


不直接用root用户
ansible all -m ping --sudo


嵌套
[webservers]
192.168.3.49
[dbservers]
192.168.3.62
[wolf:children]
webservers
dbservers


"/etc/ansible/hosts" 7L, 88C written
[root@elb ~]# ansible wolf -m ping
192.168.3.49 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
192.168.3.62 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
[root@elb ~]# ansible webservers -m ping    
192.168.3.49 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
[root@elb ~]# ansible dbservers -m ping   
192.168.3.62 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}