iostat 命令详解

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-20 01:58:39 发布

yumushui

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-20 01:58:39 发布

阅读量1.1k

点赞数

分类专栏： Unix/Linux 文章标签： linux

Unix/Linux 专栏收录该内容

25 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

iostat

iostat用于输出CPU和磁盘I/O相关的统计信息.
命令格式:

<span class="search_hit">iostat</span> [ -c | -d ] [ -k | -m ] [ -t ] [ -V ] [ -x ] [ device [ ... ] | ALL ] [ -p [ device | ALL ]  ]
       [ interval [ count ] ]

1)iostat的简单使用

iostat可以显示CPU和I/O系统的负载情况及分区状态信息.
直接执行iostat可以显示下面内容:

# <span class="search_hit">iostat</span>
Linux 2.6.9-8.11.EVAL (ts3-150.ts.cn.tlan)      08/08/2007

avg-cpu:  %user   %nice    %sys %iowait   %idle
             12.01    0.00        2.15    2.30       83.54

Device:            tps   Blk_read/s   <span class="search_hit">Blk_wrtn</span>/s   Blk_read   <span class="search_hit">Blk_wrtn</span>
hda               7.13       200.12        34.73     640119     111076

各个输出项目的含义如下:

avg-cpu段:
%user: 在用户级别运行所使用的CPU的百分比.
%nice: nice操作所使用的CPU的百分比.
%sys: 在系统级别(kernel)运行所使用CPU的百分比.
%iowait: CPU等待硬件I/O时,所占用CPU百分比.
%idle: CPU空闲时间的百分比.
Device段:
tps: 每秒钟发送到的I/O请求数.
Blk_read /s: 每秒读取的block数.
<span class="search_hit">Blk_wrtn</span>/s: 每秒写入的block数.
Blk_read:   读入的block总数.
<span class="search_hit">Blk_wrtn</span>:  写入的block总数.

2)iostat参数说明

iostat各个参数说明:

-c 仅显示CPU统计信息.与-d选项互斥.
 -d 仅显示磁盘统计信息.与-c选项互斥.
 -k 以K为单位显示每秒的磁盘请求数,默认单位块.
 -p device | ALL
  与-x选项互斥,用于显示块设备及系统分区的统计信息.也可以在-p后指定一个设备名,如:
  # <span class="search_hit">iostat</span> -p hda
  或显示所有设备
  # <span class="search_hit">iostat</span> -p ALL
 -t    在输出数据时,打印搜集数据的时间.
 -V    打印版本号和帮助信息.
 -x    输出扩展信息.

3)iostat输出项目说明

Blk_read
  读入块的当总数.

              <span class="search_hit">Blk_wrtn</span>
  写入块的总数.

              kB_read/s
  每秒从驱动器读入的数据量,单位为K.

              kB_wrtn/s
  每秒向驱动器写入的数据量,单位为K.

              kB_read
  读入的数据总量,单位为K.

              kB_wrtn
  写入的数据总量,单位为K.

              rrqm/s
  将读入请求合并后,每秒发送到设备的读入请求数.

              wrqm/s
  将写入请求合并后,每秒发送到设备的写入请求数.

              r/s
  每秒发送到设备的读入请求数.

              w/s
  每秒发送到设备的写入请求数.

              rsec/s
  每秒从设备读入的扇区数.

              wsec/s
  每秒向设备写入的扇区数.

              rkB/s
  每秒从设备读入的数据量,单位为K.

              wkB/s
  每秒向设备写入的数据量,单位为K.

              avgrq-sz
  发送到设备的请求的平均大小,单位是扇区.

              avgqu-sz
  发送到设备的请求的平均队列长度.

              await
  I/O请求平均执行时间.包括发送请求和执行的时间.单位是毫秒.

              svctm
  发送到设备的I/O请求的平均执行时间.单位是毫秒.

              %util
  在I/O请求发送到设备期间,占用CPU时间的百分比.用于显示设备的带宽利用率.
  当这个值接近100%时,表示设备带宽已经占满.

4)iostat示例

#  <span class="search_hit">iostat</span>
 显示一条统计记录,包括所有的CPU和设备.

      # <span class="search_hit">iostat</span> -d 2
 每隔2秒,显示一次设备统计信息.

      # <span class="search_hit">iostat</span> -d 2 6
 每隔2秒,显示一次设备统计信息.总共输出6次.

      # <span class="search_hit">iostat</span> -x hda hdb 2 6
 每隔2秒显示一次hda,hdb两个设备的扩展统计信息,共输出6次.

      # <span class="search_hit">iostat</span> -p sda 2 6
 每隔2秒显示一次sda及上面所有分区的统计信息,共输出6次.<h4 style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Arial; font-size: 14px;"><a target=_blank name="t4" class=" " style="color: rgb(51, 102, 153);"></a><a target=_blank name="iostat示例" class=" " style="color: rgb(153, 209, 0); text-decoration: underline;">4)<span class="search_hit">iostat</span>示</a></h4>

[root@jiratest ~]# man iostat
Formatting page, please wait...
IOSTAT(1) Linux User鈥檚 Manual IOSTAT(1)

NAME
iostat - Report Central Processing Unit (CPU) statistics and input/out-
put statistics for devices, partitions and network filesystems (NFS).

SYNOPSIS
iostat [ -c ] [ -d ] [ -N ] [ -n ] [ -h ] [ -k | -m ] [ -t ] [ -V ] [
-x ] [ -y ] [ -z ] [ -j { ID | LABEL | PATH | UUID | ... } [ device
[...] | ALL ] ] [ device [...] | ALL ] [ -p [ device [,...] | ALL ] ] [
interval [ count ] ]

DESCRIPTION
The iostat command is used for monitoring system input/output device
loading by observing the time the devices are active in relation to
their average transfer rates. The iostat command generates reports that
can be used to change system configuration to better balance the
input/output load between physical disks.

The first report generated by the iostat command provides statistics
concerning the time since the system was booted, unless the -y option
is used, when this first report is omitted. Each subsequent report cov-
ers the time since the previous report. All statistics are reported
each time the iostat command is run. The report consists of a CPU
header row followed by a row of CPU statistics. On multiprocessor sys-
tems, CPU statistics are calculated system-wide as averages among all
processors. A device header row is displayed followed by a line of
statistics for each device that is configured. When option -n is used,
an NFS header row is displayed followed by a line of statistics for
each network filesystem that is mounted.

The interval parameter specifies the amount of time in seconds between
each report. The first report contains statistics for the time since
system startup (boot), unless the -y option is used, when this report
is omitted. Each subsequent report contains statistics collected dur-
ing the interval since the previous report. The count parameter can be
specified in conjunction with the interval parameter. If the count
parameter is specified, the value of count determines the number of
reports generated at interval seconds apart. If the interval parameter
is specified without the count parameter, the iostat command generates
reports continuously.

REPORTS
The iostat command generates three types of reports, the CPU Utiliza-
tion report, the Device Utilization report and the Network Filesystem
report.

CPU Utilization Report
The first report generated by the iostat command is the CPU Uti-
lization Report. For multiprocessor systems, the CPU values are
global averages among all processors. The report has the fol-
lowing format:

%user
Show the percentage of CPU utilization that occurred
while executing at the user level (application).

%nice
Show the percentage of CPU utilization that occurred
while executing at the user level with nice priority.

%system
Show the percentage of CPU utilization that occurred
while executing at the system level (kernel).

%iowait
Show the percentage of time that the CPU or CPUs were
idle during which the system had an outstanding disk I/O
request.

%steal
Show the percentage of time spent in involuntary wait by
the virtual CPU or CPUs while the hypervisor was servic-
ing another virtual processor.

%idle
Show the percentage of time that the CPU or CPUs were
idle and the system did not have an outstanding disk I/O
request.

Device Utilization Report
The second report generated by the iostat command is the Device
Utilization Report. The device report provides statistics on a
per physical device or partition basis. Block devices for which
statistics are to be displayed may be entered on the command
line. Partitions may also be entered on the command line provid-
ing that option -x is not used. If no device nor partition is
entered, then statistics are displayed for every device used by
the system, and providing that the kernel maintains statistics
for it. If the ALL keyword is given on the command line, then
statistics are displayed for every device defined by the system,
including those that have never been used. The report may show
the following fields, depending on the flags used:

Device:
This column gives the device (or partition) name, which
is displayed as hdiskn with 2.2 kernels, for the nth
device. It is displayed as devm-n with 2.4 kernels, where
m is the major number of the device, and n a distinctive
number. With newer kernels, the device name as listed in
the /dev directory is displayed.

tps
Indicate the number of transfers per second that were
issued to the device. A transfer is an I/O request to the
device. Multiple logical requests can be combined into a
single I/O request to the device. A transfer is of inde-
terminate size.

Blk_read/s
Indicate the amount of data read from the device
expressed in a number of blocks per second. Blocks are
equivalent to sectors with kernels 2.4 and later and
therefore have a size of 512 bytes. With older kernels, a
block is of indeterminate size.

Blk_wrtn/s
Indicate the amount of data written to the device
expressed in a number of blocks per second.

Blk_read
The total number of blocks read.

Blk_wrtn
The total number of blocks written.

kB_read/s
Indicate the amount of data read from the device
expressed in kilobytes per second.

kB_wrtn/s
Indicate the amount of data written to the device
expressed in kilobytes per second.

kB_read
The total number of kilobytes read.

kB_wrtn
The total number of kilobytes written.

MB_read/s
Indicate the amount of data read from the device
expressed in megabytes per second.

MB_wrtn/s
Indicate the amount of data written to the device
expressed in megabytes per second.

MB_read
The total number of megabytes read.

MB_wrtn
The total number of megabytes written.

rrqm/s
The number of read requests merged per second that were
queued to the device.

wrqm/s
The number of write requests merged per second that were
queued to the device.

r/s
The number of read requests that were issued to the
device per second.

w/s
The number of write requests that were issued to the
device per second.

rsec/s
The number of sectors read from the device per second.

wsec/s
The number of sectors written to the device per second.

rkB/s
The number of kilobytes read from the device per second.

wkB/s
The number of kilobytes written to the device per second.

rMB/s
The number of megabytes read from the device per second.

wMB/s
The number of megabytes written to the device per second.

avgrq-sz
The average size (in sectors) of the requests that were
issued to the device.

avgqu-sz
The average queue length of the requests that were issued
to the device.

await
The average time (in milliseconds) for I/O requests
issued to the device to be served. This includes the time
spent by the requests in queue and the time spent servic-
ing them.

svctm
The average service time (in milliseconds) for I/O
requests that were issued to the device. Warning! Do not
trust this field any more. This field will be removed in
a future sysstat version.

%util
Percentage of CPU time during which I/O requests were
issued to the device (bandwidth utilization for the
device). Device saturation occurs when this value is
close to 100%.

Network Filesystem report
The Network Filesystem (NFS) report provides statistics for each
mounted network filesystem. The report shows the following
fields:

Filesystem:
This columns shows the hostname of the NFS server fol-
lowed by a colon and by the directory name where the net-
work filesystem is mounted.

rBlk_nor/s
Indicate the number of blocks read by applications via
the read(2) system call interface. A block has a size of
512 bytes.

wBlk_nor/s
Indicate the number of blocks written by applications via
the write(2) system call interface.

rBlk_dir/s
Indicate the number of blocks read from files opened with
the O_DIRECT flag.

wBlk_dir/s
Indicate the number of blocks written to files opened
with the O_DIRECT flag.

rBlk_svr/s
Indicate the number of blocks read from the server by the
NFS client via an NFS READ request.

wBlk_svr/s
Indicate the number of blocks written to the server by
the NFS client via an NFS WRITE request.

rkB_nor/s
Indicate the number of kilobytes read by applications via
the read(2) system call interface.

wkB_nor/s
Indicate the number of kilobytes written by applications
via the write(2) system call interface.

rkB_dir/s
Indicate the number of kilobytes read from files opened
with the O_DIRECT flag.

wkB_dir/s
Indicate the number of kilobytes written to files opened
with the O_DIRECT flag.

rkB_svr/s
Indicate the number of kilobytes read from the server by
the NFS client via an NFS READ request.

wkB_svr/s
Indicate the number of kilobytes written to the server by
the NFS client via an NFS WRITE request.

rMB_nor/s
Indicate the number of megabytes read by applications via
the read(2) system call interface.

wMB_nor/s
Indicate the number of megabytes written by applications
via the write(2) system call interface.

rMB_dir/s
Indicate the number of megabytes read from files opened
with the O_DIRECT flag.

wMB_dir/s
Indicate the number of megabytes written to files opened
with the O_DIRECT flag.

rMB_svr/s
Indicate the number of megabytes read from the server by
the NFS client via an NFS READ request.

wMB_svr/s
Indicate the number of megabytes written to the server by
rBlk_dir/s
Indicate the number of blocks read from files opened with
the O_DIRECT flag.