Visitor模式,在不修改已有程序结构的前提下,通过添加额外的“访问者”来完成对已有代码功能的提升。
interface
Visitor
...
{
void visit(Gladiolus g);
void visit(Runuculus r);
void visit(Chrysanthemum c);
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6810355c2f78c12e91b7997a8e8c583a.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
interface
Flower
...
{
void accept(Visitor v);
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6810355c2f78c12e91b7997a8e8c583a.gif)
//
concrete element
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
class
Gladiolus
implements
Flower
...
{
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
public void accept(Visitor v) ...{ v.visit(this);}
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6810355c2f78c12e91b7997a8e8c583a.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
class
Runuculus
implements
Flower
...
{
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
public void accept(Visitor v) ...{ v.visit(this);}
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6810355c2f78c12e91b7997a8e8c583a.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
class
Chrysanthemum
implements
Flower
...
{
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
public void accept(Visitor v) ...{ v.visit(this);}
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6810355c2f78c12e91b7997a8e8c583a.gif)
//
concrete visitor
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
class
StringVal
implements
Visitor
...
{
String s;
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
public String toString() ...{ return s; }
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
public void visit(Gladiolus g) ...{
s = "Gladiolus";
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
public void visit(Runuculus r) ...{
s = "Runuculus";
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
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public void visit(Chrysanthemum c) ...{
s = "Chrysanthemum";
}
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6810355c2f78c12e91b7997a8e8c583a.gif)
//
concrete visitor
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
class
Bee
implements
Visitor
...
{
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
public void visit(Gladiolus g) ...{
System.out.println("Bee and Gladiolus");
}
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public void visit(Runuculus r) ...{
System.out.println("Bee and Runuculus");
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
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public void visit(Chrysanthemum c) ...{
System.out.println("Bee and Chrysanthemum");
}
}
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//
这是一个对象生成器
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
class
FlowerGenerator
...
{
private static Random rand = new Random();
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
public static Flower newFlower() ...{
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
switch(rand.nextInt(3)) ...{
default:
case 0: return new Gladiolus();
case 1: return new Runuculus();
case 2: return new Chrysanthemum();
}
}
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6810355c2f78c12e91b7997a8e8c583a.gif)
//
客户测试程序
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
public
class
BeeAndFlowers
extends
TestCase
...
{
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
/**//*
首先在客户端先获得一个具体的访问者角色
遍历对象结构
对每一个元素调用accept方法,将具体访问者角色传入
这样就完成了整个过程
*/
List flowers = new ArrayList();
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
public BeeAndFlowers() ...{
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
flowers.add(FlowerGenerator.newFlower());
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
Visitor sval ;
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
public void test() ...{
sval = new StringVal();
Iterator it = flowers.iterator();
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
while(it.hasNext()) ...{
((Flower)it.next()).accept(sval);
System.out.println(sval);
}
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
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public static void main(String args[]) ...{
junit.textui.TestRunner.run(BeeAndFlowers.class);
}
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6a9c071a08f1dae2d3e1c512000eef41.gif)
}
Visitor模式的组成结构:
1) 访问者角色(Visitor):声明一个访问接口。接口的名称和方法的参数标识了向访问者发送请求的元素角色。这样访问者就可以通过该元素角色的特定接口直接访问它。
2) 具体访问者角色(Concrete Visitor):实现访问者角色(Visitor)接口
3) 元素角色(Element):定义一个Accept操作,它以一个访问者为参数。
4) 具体元素角色(Concrete Element):实现元素角色(Element)接口。
5) 对象结构角色(Object Structure):这是使用Visitor模式必须的角色。它要具备以下特征:能枚举它的元素;可以提供一个高层的接口允许访问者角色访问它的元素;可以是一个组合(组合模式)或是一个集合,如一个列表或一个无序集合。
类图如下:
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代码例子:
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