C及C++运算符的优先级和结合性

1、C语言运算符的优先级和结合性，自上而下优先级逐次下降：

Precedence	Operator	Description	Associativity
1	++ --	Suffix/postfix increment and decrement	Left-to-right
	()	Function call
	[]	Array subscripting
	.	Structure and union member access
	−>	Structure and union member access through pointer
	(type){list}	Compound literal（C99）
2	++ --	Prefix increment and decrement	Right-to-left
	+ −	Unary plus and minus
	! ~	Logical NOT and bitwise NOT
	(type)	Type cast
	*	Indirection (dereference)
	&	Address-of
	sizeof	Size-of
	_Alignof	Alignment requirement（C11）
3	* / %	Multiplication, division, and remainder	Left-to-right
4	+ −	Addition and subtraction
5	<< >>	Bitwise left shift and right shift
6	< <=	For relational operators < and ≤ respectively
	> >=	For relational operators > and ≥ respectively
7	== !=	For relational = and ≠ respectively
8	&	Bitwise AND
9	^	Bitwise XOR (exclusive or)
10	|	Bitwise OR (inclusive or)
11	&&	Logical AND
12	||	Logical OR
13	?:	Ternary conditional	Right-to-Left
14	=	Simple assignment
	+= −=	Assignment by sum and difference
	*= /= %=	Assignment by product, quotient, and remainder
	<<= >>=	Assignment by bitwise left shift and right shift
	&= ^= |=	Assignment by bitwise AND, XOR, and OR
15	,	Comma	Left-to-right

（1）同一优先级的运算符，运算顺序由结合方向决定。

（2）不同运算符要求有不同的运算对象个数。

（3）运算符的优先级大致可归纳如下：依次递减

初等运算符（如（）[  ]  ---->  . ）——〉单目运算符——〉 算术运算符——〉关系运算符——〉逻辑运算符——〉条件运算符——〉赋值运算符——〉逗号运算符

初等运算符优先级最高，逗号运算符优先级最低。位运算符的优先级比较分散：有的在算数运算符之前（如~），有的在关系运算符之前（如 <<和>>），有的在关系运算符之后（如&、^、|）。

另外，也可以参考：http://zh.cppreference.com/w/c/language/operator_precedence

2、C++运算符的优先级和结合性，自上而下优先级逐次下降：

Precedence	Operator	Description	Associativity
1	::	Scope resolution	Left-to-right
2	++   --	Suffix/postfix increment and decrement
	()	Function call
	[]	Array subscripting
	.	Element selection by reference
	−>	Element selection through pointer
3	++   --	Prefix increment and decrement	Right-to-left
	+   −	Unary plus and minus
	!   ~	Logical NOT and bitwise NOT
	(type)	Type cast
	*	Indirection (dereference)
	&	Address-of
	sizeof	Size-of
	new, new[]	Dynamic memory allocation
	delete, delete[]	Dynamic memory deallocation
4	.*   ->*	Pointer to member	Left-to-right
5	*   /   %	Multiplication, division, and remainder
6	+   −	Addition and subtraction
7	<<   >>	Bitwise left shift and right shift
8	<   <=	For relational operators < and ≤ respectively
	>   >=	For relational operators > and ≥ respectively
9	==   !=	For relational = and ≠ respectively
10	&	Bitwise AND
11	^	Bitwise XOR (exclusive or)
12	|	Bitwise OR (inclusive or)
13	&&	Logical AND
14	||	Logical OR
15	?:	Ternary conditional	Right-to-left
	=	Direct assignment (provided by default for C++ classes)
	+=   −=	Assignment by sum and difference
	*=   /=   %=	Assignment by product, quotient, and remainder
	<<=   >>=	Assignment by bitwise left shift and right shift
	&=   ^=   |=	Assignment by bitwise AND, XOR, and OR
16	throw	Throw operator (for exceptions)
17	,	Comma	Left-to-right

参考： http://zh.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/operator_precedence