Hibernate2--开发步骤及接口说明

以一个简单的示例说明开发的步骤

1.开发步骤

（1）创建hibernate的配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>
	<session-factory>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost/test_hibernate</property>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.password">root</property>
		<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
		<property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
		
		<mapping resource="edu/study/hibernate/User.hbm.xml"/>
	</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

其中要使用的数据库是test_hibernate。

注意：为了调试的方便，引入log4j.properties配置文件

（2）编写实体类---持久化类User

package edu.study.hibernate;

public class User {

	private int no;
	
	private String name;
	
	private String password;

	public int getNo() {
		return no;
	}

	public void setNo(int no) {
		this.no = no;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public String getPassword() {
		return password;
	}

	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}
	
	
}

 （3）创建持久化类User的映射文件User.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="edu.study.hibernate.User">
		<id name="no">
			<generator class="native"></generator>
		</id>
		<property name="name"></property>
		<property name="password"></property>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

其中class的name属性值是持久化类：包名+类名，从上可以看出no是主键。

（4）将持久化类的映射文件加入到hibernate的配置文件中

   <mapping resource="edu/study/hibernate/User.hbm.xml"/>

即把这句话加入到hibernate.cfg.xml文件中。目的是为了让hibernate能够处理User对象的持久化；resource属性指定了映射文件的位置和名称。

（5）编写hbm2ddl工具类，将实体类生成数据库表-----利用SchemaExport工具类

package edu.study.hibernate;

import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport;

public class ObjTODB {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//读取配置文件
		Configuration cfg=new Configuration().configure();
		//创建SchemaExport对象
		SchemaExport se=new SchemaExport(cfg);
		//创建数据库表
		se.create(true, true);
	}

}

说明：

SchemaExport：Commandline tool to export table schema to the database.

SchemaExport(Configuration cfg)   Create a schema exporter for the given Configuration

void create(boolean script, boolean export)  Run the schema creation script. 

script - print the DDL to the console

export - export the script to the database

---

（6）开发客户端---将对象保存到数据库中

package edu.study.hibernate;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

public class Client {

	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//读取hibernate.cfg.xml文件
		Configuration cfg=new Configuration().configure();
		//创建SessionFactory
		SessionFactory sf=cfg.buildSessionFactory();
		Session session=null;
		try {
			session=sf.openSession();
			//开启事务
			session.beginTransaction();
			
			User u=new User();
		    u.setName("admin");
		    u.setPassword("admin");
		    
		    session.save(u);
		    //提交事务
		    session.getTransaction().commit();
		    
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			//事务回滚
			session.getTransaction().rollback();
		}finally{
			if(session!=null){
				if(session.isOpen()){
					session.close();
				}
			}
		}
		
		
	}

}

说明：

A：Configuration

An instance of Configuration allows the application to specify properties and mapping documents to be used when creating a SessionFactory. Usually an application will create a single Configuration, build a single instance of SessionFactory and then instantiate Sessions in threads servicing client requests. The Configuration is meant only as an initialization-time object. SessionFactorys are immutable and do not retain any association back to the Configuration.

A new Configuration will use the properties specified in hibernate.properties by default. 

即负责管理hibernate的配置信息，默认使用hibernate.properties文件，但这里Configuration cfg=new Configuration().configure();所以读取的是hibernate.cfg.xml文件。

如果读取hibernate.properties文件，则使用Configuration cfg=new Configuration()即可。
里面有一方法

SessionFactory

buildSessionFactory()           Instantiate a new SessionFactory, using the properties and mappings in this configuration.The SessionFactory will be immutable, so changes made to the Configuration after building the SessionFactory will not affect it.

B：SessionFactory

Creates Sessions. Usually an application has a single SessionFactory. Threads servicing client requests obtain Sessions from the factory.

Implementors must be threadsafe.

SessionFactorys are immutable. The behaviour of a SessionFactory is controlled by properties supplied at configuration time. These properties are defined on Environment. 

提供会话Session。注意SessionFactory是由Configuration对象创建，因此每个hibernate的配置文件实际上是对SessionFactory的配置。

Session

openSession()           Create database connection and open a Session on it.

 

C：Session

是线程不安全的，代表着和数据库的一次操作，由SessionFactory打开，用完后要关闭。