1.创建线程的方法
1.1创建线程的方式Thread方法
1.继承Thread类
2.重写run()方法
3.调用start()方法开启线程
package com.kuang.lesson01;
//创建线程方式:继承Thread类,重写run()方法,调用start开启线程
//总结:线程开启不一定立即执行,由CPU调度执行
public class TestThread01 extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
//run方法线程
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
System.out.println("我在看代码"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {//main和线程同时执行
//创建一个线程对象
TestThread01 testThread01 = new TestThread01();
//调用start方法开启线程
testThread01.start();
//main线程,主线程
for (int i = 0; i < 2000; i++) {
System.out.println("我在学习多线程"+i);
}
}
}
练习Thread,实现多线程同步下载图片
package com.kuang.lesson01;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
//练习Thread,实现多线程同步下载图片
public class TestThread02 extends Thread{
private String url;
private String name;
public TestThread02(String url,String name){
this.url=url;
this.name=name;
}
//下载图片线程执行体
@Override
public void run() {
WebDownload webDownload = new WebDownload();
webDownload.downloader(url,name);
System.out.println("下载完成"+name);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestThread02 t1 = new TestThread02("https://gimg2.baidu.com/image_search/src=http%3A%2F%2Fi8.bangqu.com%2Fr2%2Fnews%2F20180315%2F3049594975676f613737.jpg&refer=http%3A%2F%2Fi8.bangqu.com&app=2002&size=f9999,10000&q=a80&n=0&g=0n&fmt=jpeg?sec=1620701039&t=5307f1348d0b7eba3e3af63cd5e86a42","teacher.jpg");
TestThread02 t2 = new TestThread02("https://gimg2.baidu.com/image_search/src=http%3A%2F%2Fimg.jf258.com%2Fi%2F4a1683772857x577592773b26.jpg&refer=http%3A%2F%2Fimg.jf258.com&app=2002&size=f9999,10000&q=a80&n=0&g=0n&fmt=jpeg?sec=1620701254&t=f1042e6fde9d0cd54c1b3c9c8aed64bc", "qiaoba.jpg");
TestThread02 t3 = new TestThread02("https://gimg2.baidu.com/image_search/src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.17qq.com%2Fimg_qqtouxiang%2F48828269.jpeg&refer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.17qq.com&app=2002&size=f9999,10000&q=a80&n=0&g=0n&fmt=jpeg?sec=1620701339&t=db95df61833b3d7e91e9d157a8c24b9e","heitieyihui.jpg");
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
}
}
//下载器
class WebDownload{
//下载方法
public void downloader(String url,String name){
try {
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("IO异常,download方法出现问题");
}
}
}
1.2创建线程方式Runnable方法
1.实现runnable接口
2.重写run方法
3.中兴线程需要的丢入runnable接口实现类
4.调用start方法
package com.kuang.lesson01;
//创建线程方式2 :实现runable接口,重写run方法,执行线程需要丢入runnable接口实现类,调用start方法
public class TestThread03 implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
//run方法线程
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
System.out.println("我在看代码"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {//main和线程同时执行
//创建runnable接口的实现类对象
TestThread03 testThread03 = new TestThread03();
//创建线程对象,通过线程对象来开启我们的线程,代理
new Thread(testThread03).start();
//main线程,主线程
for (int i = 0; i < 2000; i++) {
System.out.println("我在学习多线程"+i);
}
}
}
Tips:推荐使用Runnable方法
1.3实现Callable接口(了解即可)
1.实现Callable接口,需要返回值类型
2.重写call方法,需要抛出异常
3.创建目标对象
4.创建执行服务:
ExecutorService ser = Executors.new FixedThreadPool(1);
5.提交执行:
Future<Boolean> result1 = ser.submit(t1);
6.获取结果
boolean r1 = result1.get()
7.关闭服务
ser.shutdownNow()
练习
package com.kuang.demo02;
import com.kuang.lesson01.TestThread02;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
//线程创建方式三:实现callable接口
public class TestCallable implements Callable {
private String url;
private String name;
public TestCallable(String url,String name){
this.url=url;
this.name=name;
}
//下载图片线程执行体
@Override
public Boolean call() {
WebDownload webDownload = new WebDownload();
webDownload.downloader(url,name);
System.out.println("下载完成"+name);
return true
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
TestCallable t1 = new TestCallable("https://gimg2.baidu.com/image_search/src=http%3A%2F%2Fi8.bangqu.com%2Fr2%2Fnews%2F20180315%2F3049594975676f613737.jpg&refer=http%3A%2F%2Fi8.bangqu.com&app=2002&size=f9999,10000&q=a80&n=0&g=0n&fmt=jpeg?sec=1620701039&t=5307f1348d0b7eba3e3af63cd5e86a42","teacher.jpg");
TestCallable t2 = new TestCallable("https://gimg2.baidu.com/image_search/src=http%3A%2F%2Fimg.jf258.com%2Fi%2F4a1683772857x577592773b26.jpg&refer=http%3A%2F%2Fimg.jf258.com&app=2002&size=f9999,10000&q=a80&n=0&g=0n&fmt=jpeg?sec=1620701254&t=f1042e6fde9d0cd54c1b3c9c8aed64bc", "qiaoba.jpg");
TestCallable t3 = new TestCallable("https://gimg2.baidu.com/image_search/src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.17qq.com%2Fimg_qqtouxiang%2F48828269.jpeg&refer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.17qq.com&app=2002&size=f9999,10000&q=a80&n=0&g=0n&fmt=jpeg?sec=1620701339&t=db95df61833b3d7e91e9d157a8c24b9e","heitieyihui.jpg");
//创建执行服务:
ExecutorService ser = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
//提交执行:
Future<Boolean> r1 = ser.submit(t1);
Future<Boolean> r2 = ser.submit(t2);
Future<Boolean> r3 = ser.submit(t3);
//获取结果
Boolean res1 = r1.get();
Boolean res2 = r2.get();
Boolean res3 = r3.get();
//关闭服务
ser.shutdownNow();
}
}
class WebDownload{
//下载方法
public void downloader(String url,String name){
try {
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("IO异常,download方法出现问题");
}
}
}
好处:
- 可以定义返回值
- 可以抛出异常
2.初识并发问题
买火车票例子
package com.kuang.lesson01;
//多个线程同时操作一个对象
//买火车票的例子
//发现问题:多个线程操作同一个资源情况下,线程不安全,数据紊乱
public class TestThread04 implements Runnable{
//票数
private int ticketNum = 10;
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestThread04 ticket = new TestThread04();
new Thread(ticket,"小明").start();
new Thread(ticket,"老师").start();
new Thread(ticket,"黄牛党").start();
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
if(ticketNum<=0){
break;
}
//模拟延时
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->拿到了第"+ticketNum--+"票");
}
}
}
2.1龟兔赛跑练习
1.首先来个赛道距离,然后要离重点越来越近
2.判断比赛是否结束
3.打印出胜利者
4.龟兔赛跑开始
5.模拟兔子睡觉
6.乌龟赢
package com.kuang.lesson01;
//模拟龟兔赛跑
public class Race implements Runnable{
private static String winner;
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {
//模拟兔子睡觉
if(Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("兔子")&&i%10==0){
try {
Thread.sleep(10);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//判断比赛是否结束
boolean flag = gameOver(i);
//比赛结束停止程序
if(flag){
break;
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"----->跑了"+i+"步");
}
}
//判断比赛是否结束
private boolean gameOver(int step){
//判断是否有胜利者
if (winner!=null){
return true;
}{
if(step>=100){
winner = Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println("winner is "+winner);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Race race = new Race();
new Thread(race,"兔子").start();
new Thread(race,"乌龟").start();
}
}
2.2静态代理
package com.kuang.Proxy;
//静态代理模式总结:
//真实对象和代理对象都要实现同一个接口
//代理对象要代理真实对象
//好处:代理对象可以做很多真实对象做不了的事
//真实对象专注自己的事
public class StaticProxy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(()-> System.out.println("我爱你")).start();
new WeddingCompany(new You()).HappyMarry();
}
}
interface Marry{
void HappyMarry();
}
//真实角色
class You implements Marry{
@Override
public void HappyMarry() {
System.out.println("秦老师要结婚了");
}
}
//代理角色
class WeddingCompany implements Marry{
//代理谁---》真是目标
private Marry target;
public WeddingCompany(Marry target) {
this.target = target;
}
@Override
public void HappyMarry() {
before();
this.target.HappyMarry();//这是真是对象
after();
}
private void after() {
System.out.println("结婚之后,收尾款");
}
private void before() {
System.out.println("结婚之前布置现场");
}
}
2.3Lamda表达式
-
理解函数式接口是学习lambda表达式的关键所在。
-
函数式接口的定义:
- 任何接口,如果只包含唯一一个抽象方法,那么它就是函数式接口。
- 对于函数式接口,我们可以通过lambda表达式来创建该接口的对象。
-
为什么使用lambda表达式:
- 避免匿名内部类定义过多
- 可以让你的代码看起来很简洁
- 去掉一堆没有意义的代码,只留下核心的逻辑
简洁过程:
- 实现类
- 静态内部类
- 局部内部类
- 匿名内部类
- lambda简化
like=()-> {
System.out.println("i like lambda5");
};
3.线程状态
- new
- 就绪状态
- 阻塞状态
- 运行状态
- dead
线程方法
- setPriority(int new Priority)更改线程的优先级
- static void sleep()睡眠
- void join()等待该线程终止
- static vodi yield()暂停
- void interrupt()中断
- boolean isAlive()
停止线程
- 不推荐使用JDK提供的stop()、destroy()方法【已废弃】
- 推荐线程自己停下来
- 建议使用一个标志位进行终止变量,当flag=false,则终止线程运行
package com.kuang.state;
//测试进程停止
//1、建议正常停止,利用次数,不建议死循环
//2、建议使用标志位,设置一个标志位
//3、不要使用stop和destroy
public class TestStop implements Runnable{
//1.设置一个标志位
private boolean flag= true;
@Override
public void run() {
int i = 0;
while (flag){
System.out.println("Thread......."+i++);
}
}
//2.设置一个公开的方法停止线程
public void stop(){
this.flag = false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestStop testStop = new TestStop();
new Thread(testStop).start();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
System.out.println("main"+i);
if(i==900){
testStop.stop();
System.out.println("线程该停止了");
}
}
}
}
3.1线程休眠
- sleep指定当前线程阻塞的毫秒数
- sleep存在已成interruptedException
- sleep时间到达后线程进行就绪状态
- sleep可以模拟网络延时,倒计时等
- 每一个对象都有一个锁,sleep不会释放锁
获取当前系统时间
package com.kuang.state;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
//模拟倒计时
public class TestSleep2 {
//打印倒计时
public static void tenDown() throws InterruptedException {
int num = 10;
while (true){
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(num--);
if(num<0){
break;
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//打印当前系统时间
Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
while (true){
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(date));
date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//更新时间
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
3.2线程礼让
- 礼让线程,让当前正在执行的线程暂停,但不阻塞
- 将线程从运行状态转为就绪状态
- 让cpu重新调度,礼让不一定成功!看cpu心情
package com.kuang.state;
//测试礼让
//礼让不一定成功,看cpu心情
public class TestYeild {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyYeild myYeild = new MyYeild();
new Thread(myYeild,"a").start();
new Thread(myYeild,"b").start();
}
}
class MyYeild implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程开始进行");
Thread.yield();//礼让
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程停止进行");
}
}
3.3Join
VIP插队
package com.kuang.state;
//测试Join方法,插队
public class TestJoin implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
System.out.println("线程VIP来了");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
TestJoin testJoin = new TestJoin();
Thread thread = new Thread(testJoin);
thread.start();
//主线程
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
if(i==200){
thread.join();
}
System.out.println("main"+i);
}
}
}
4线程状态观测
package com.kuang.state;
//观察测试线程状态
public class TestState {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread thread = new Thread(()->
{
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("//");
}
);
//观察状态
Thread.State state = thread.getState();
System.out.println(state);
//观察启动
thread.start();
state = thread.getState();
System.out.println(state);//Run
while (state!=Thread.State.TERMINATED){
Thread.sleep(100);
state = thread.getState();
System.out.println(state);
}
}
}
4.1线程优先级
- Java提供一个线程调度器来监控程序中启动后进入就绪状态的所有线程,线程调度器按照优先级决定应该调度哪个程序来执行
- 程序的优先级用数字表示,范围从1-10
- 使用一下方式改变或获取优先级
- getPriority.setPriority(int xxx)
package com.kuang.state;
public class TestPriority{
public static void main(String[] args) {
//主线程优先级
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"------------>"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
MyPriority myPriority = new MyPriority();
Thread t1 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t2 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t3 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t4 = new Thread(myPriority);
//设置优先级,再启动
t1.start();
t2.setPriority(1);
t2.start();
t3.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY);
t3.start();
t4.setPriority(3);
t4.start();
}
}
class MyPriority implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"------------>"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
}
}
4.2守护(daemon)线程
- 线程分为用户线程和守护线程
- 虚拟机必须确保用户线程执行完毕
- 虚拟机不用等待守护线程执行完毕
- 如。后台记录操作日志,监控内存,垃圾回收等待…
package com.kuang.state;
//测试守护线程
//上帝守护你
public class TestDaemon {
public static void main(String[] args) {
God god = new God();
You you = new You();
Thread thread = new Thread(god);
thread.setDaemon(true);
thread.start();
new Thread(you).start();
}
}
//上帝
class God implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("上帝守护着你");
}
}
//你
class You implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 365000; i++) {
System.out.println("你开心的活着");
}
System.out.println("goodbye,world");
}
}
5.线程同步
并发
锁机制sychronized
5.1不安全案例
1.买票
package com.kuang.syn;
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Byticket byticket = new Byticket();
new Thread(byticket,"苦逼的我").start();
new Thread(byticket,"牛逼的你们").start();
new Thread(byticket,"可恶的黄牛党").start();
}
}
class Byticket implements Runnable{
private int ticketNum=10;
boolean flag = true;
@Override
public void run() {
//买票
while (true){
try {
buy();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public void buy() throws InterruptedException {//判断是否又票
if(ticketNum<=0){
flag = false;
return;
}
//模拟延时
Thread.sleep(100);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到了"+ticketNum--);
}
}
2.取钱
package com.kuang.syn;
//不安全的取钱
//两个人去银行取钱,账户
public class UnSafeBank {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Account account = new Account(100,"结婚资金");
Drawing you = new Drawing(account, 50, "你");
Drawing girlfriend = new Drawing(account, 100, "girlfriend");
you.start();
girlfriend.start();
}
}
class Account{
int monney;
String name;
public Account(int monney, String name) {
this.monney = monney;
this.name = name;
}
}
class Drawing extends Thread{
Account account;
int drawingMoney;
int nowMoney;
public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
super(name);
this.account=account;
this.drawingMoney=drawingMoney;
}
@Override
public void run() {
if(account.monney-drawingMoney<0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" have no enough money");
return;
}
//sleep可以放大问题的发生性
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
account.monney-=drawingMoney;
nowMoney+=drawingMoney;
System.out.println(account.name+"余额:"+account.monney);
//this.getName()=Thread.currentThread().getName()
System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱"+nowMoney);
}
}
//结婚资金余额:50
//你手里的钱50
//结婚资金余额:-50
//irlfriend手里的钱100
3.不安全集合
package com.kuang.syn;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class UnsafeList {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}).start();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
5.2.同步方法
synchronized方法和synchronized块
synchronized方法控制对”对象“的访问,每个对象对应一把锁,每个synchronized方法都必须获得调用该方法的对象的锁才能执行,否则回阻塞,方法一旦执行,就独占该锁,知道该方法返回才释放锁,后面被阻塞的线程才能获得这个锁,继续执行
缺陷:若将一个大的方法申明为synchronized将会影响效率
买票
//同步方法,锁的是this
public synchronized void buy() throws InterruptedException {}
取钱
public void run() {
//锁的对象就是变化的量,通过synchronized块来锁account
synchronized (account){
if(account.monney-drawingMoney<0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" have no enough money");
return;
}
//sleep可以放大问题的发生性
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
account.monney-=drawingMoney;
nowMoney+=drawingMoney;
System.out.println(account.name+"余额:"+account.monney);
//this.getName()=Thread.currentThread().getName()
System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱"+nowMoney);
}
list
package com.kuang.syn;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class UnsafeList {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
synchronized (list){
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}).start();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
注意:synchronized(Obj){},这个对象是增删改的对象
5.3JUC安全类型的集合
package com.kuang.syn;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
//测试JUC安全类型的集合
public class TestJUC {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}).start();
}
Thread.sleep(3000);
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
6.死锁
产生死锁的四个必要条件:
1、互斥条件:一个资源只能被一个进程使用
2、请求与保持条件:一个进程因请求资源而阻塞时,对已获得的资源保持不放。
3、不剥夺条件:进程已获得的资源,在未使用完之前,不能强行剥夺
4、循环等待条件:若干进程之间形成一种头尾相接的循环等待资源关系
6.1使用synchronized解决例子
package com.kuang.thread;
//死锁:多个进程相互抱着对方需要的资源,然后僵持
public class Deadlock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Makeup g1 = new Makeup(0, "灰姑凉");
Makeup g2 = new Makeup(1, "白雪公主");
g1.start();
g2.start();
}
}
//口红
class Lipstick{
}
class Mirror{
}
class Makeup extends Thread{
//需要资源只有一份,用static保证只有一份
static Lipstick lipstick = new Lipstick();
static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();
int choice;
String girlname;
Makeup(int choice,String girlname){
this.choice=choice;
this.girlname=girlname;
}
@Override
public void run() {
//化妆
try {
make();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void make() throws InterruptedException {
if (choice==0){
synchronized (lipstick){//获得口红的锁
System.out.println(this.girlname+"获得口红的锁");
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
synchronized (mirror){//一秒后想获得镜子
System.out.println(this.girlname+"获得镜子的锁");
}
}else {
synchronized (mirror){//获得镜子的锁
System.out.println(this.girlname+"获得镜子的锁");
Thread.sleep(2000);
}
synchronized (lipstick){//两秒后想获得口红
System.out.println(this.girlname+"获得口红的锁");
}
}
}
}
6.2 Lock(锁)
- 从JDK5.0开始,Java提供了更强大的线程同步机制——通过显式定义同步锁对象来实现同步。同步锁使用Lock对象充当。
- java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock接口时控制多个线程对共享资源进行访问的工具。锁提供了对共享资源的独占访问,每次只能有一个线程对Lock对象加锁,线程开始访问共享资源之前应先获得Lock对象
- ReentrantLock类实现了Lock,它拥有与synchronized(可重入锁)相同的并发性和内存语义,在实现线程安全的控制中,比较常用的是ReentrantLock,可以显式加锁、释放锁。
package com.kuang.supersyn;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class TestLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestLock2 t1 = new TestLock2();
new Thread(t1).start();
new Thread(t1).start();
new Thread(t1).start();
}
}
class TestLock2 implements Runnable{
int ticketNum=10;
//定义Lock
private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
lock.lock();
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (ticketNum>0){
System.out.println(ticketNum--);
}else {
break;
}
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
}
class A{
private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReenTrantLock();
public void m(){
lock.lock();
try{
}finally{
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
synchronized与Lock的对比
- Lock是显式锁(手动开启和关闭锁,别忘记关闭锁)synchronized是隐式锁,出了作用域自动释放
- Lock只有代码块锁,synchronized有代码块锁和方法锁
- 使用Lock锁,JVM将花费较少的时间来调度线程,性能更好,并且具有更好的拓展性(提供更多的子类)
- 优先使用顺序:
- Lock>同步代码块(已经进入了方法体,分配了相应资源)>同步方法(在方法体外)
7.线程协作
7.1生产者消费者模式
7.1.1利用缓冲区:管程法
package com.kuang.supersyn;
//测试生产者消费者模型-->利用缓冲区:管程法
//生产者,消费者,产品,缓冲区
public class TestPC {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SynContainer container = new SynContainer();
new Productor(container).start();
new Consumer(container).start();
}
}
class Productor extends Thread{
SynContainer synContainer;
public Productor(SynContainer synContainer){
this.synContainer=synContainer;
}
//生成
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
synContainer.push(new Chicken(i));
System.out.println("生产了"+i+"只鸡");
}
}
}
class Consumer extends Thread{
SynContainer synContainer;
public Consumer(SynContainer synContainer){
this.synContainer=synContainer;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
System.out.println("消费了--->"+synContainer.pop().id+"只鸡");
}
}
}
class Chicken {
int id;
public Chicken(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
}
class SynContainer{
//容器大小
Chicken[] chickens = new Chicken[10];
//容器计数器
int count = 0;
//生产者放入产品
public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken){
//如果满,等待消费者消费
if(count== chickens.length){
//通知消费者消费,等待生产
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//如果没满,我们丢入产品
chickens[count]=chicken;
count++;
//可以通知消费者消费了
this.notifyAll();
}
//消费者消费产品
public synchronized Chicken pop(){
//判断能否消费
if(count==0){
//等待生产者生产,消费者等待
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//如果可以消费
count--;
Chicken chicken=chickens[count];
//通知生产者生成
this.notifyAll();
return chicken;
}
}
7.1.2信号灯法
package com.kuang.supersyn;
//测试生产者消费者问题:信号灯法,设置标志位
public class TestPC2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TV tv = new TV();
new Player(tv).start();
new Watcher(tv).start();
}
}
//演员--->生产者
class Player extends Thread{
TV tv ;
public Player(TV tv) {
this.tv = tv;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
if(i%2==0){
this.tv.play("快乐大本营");
}else {
this.tv.play("抖音");
}
}
}
}
//观众--->消费者
class Watcher extends Thread{
TV tv ;
public Watcher(TV tv) {
this.tv = tv;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
tv.watch();
}
}
}
//节目
class TV extends Thread{
//演员表演,观众等待
//观众观看,演员等待
String voice;
boolean flag=true;
//表演
public synchronized void play(String voice){
if(!flag){
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("演员表演了:"+voice);
//通知观众观看
this.notifyAll();
this.voice=voice;
this.flag=!this.flag;
}
//观看
public synchronized void watch(){
if (flag){
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("观众观看了:"+voice);
//通知演员表演
this.notifyAll();
this.flag=!this.flag;
}
}
7.2.使用线程池
- 背景:经常创建和销毁、使用量特别大的资源,比如并发情况下的线程,对性能影响很大
- 思路:提前创建好多个线程,放入线程池中,使用时直接获取,使用完放回池中,可以避免频繁创建销毁、实现重复利用。类似生活中的公共交通工具
- 好处:
- 提高相应速度
- 降低资源消耗
- 便于线程管理
- corePoolSize:核心池大小
- maximumPoolSize:最大线程数
- keepAliveTime:线程没有任务时最多保持多长时间后会终止
使用线程池
ExecutorService和Executors
package com.kuang.supersyn;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
//测试线程池
public class TestPool {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建服务,创建线程池,参数为线程池大小
ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
//关闭连接
service.shutdown();
}
}
class MyThread implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}