Windows编程入门-创建第一个Window窗口

从头创建windows窗口程序：

1、创建窗口类；

2、注册窗口类；

3、创建窗口；

4、显示窗口；

5、刷新窗口；

6、消息循环；

6.1、获取消息；

6.2、翻译消息；

6.3、分发消息；

7、消息处理函数处理消息。

示例代码如下：

#include <windows.h>
 
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;

int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                    PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
     static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("HelloWin") ;
     HWND         hwnd ;
     MSG          msg ;
     WNDCLASS     wndclass ;

     wndclass.style         = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ;
     wndclass.lpfnWndProc   = WndProc ;
     wndclass.cbClsExtra    = 0 ;
     wndclass.cbWndExtra    = 0 ;
     wndclass.hInstance     = hInstance ;
     wndclass.hIcon         = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ;
     wndclass.hCursor       = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ;
     wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ;
     wndclass.lpszMenuName  = NULL ;
     wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ;

     if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass))
     {
          MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"), 
                      szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ;
          return 0 ;
     }
     
     hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName,                  // window class name
                          TEXT ("The Hello Program"), // window caption
                          WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,        // window style
                          CW_USEDEFAULT,              // initial x position
                          CW_USEDEFAULT,              // initial y position
                          CW_USEDEFAULT,              // initial x size
                          CW_USEDEFAULT,              // initial y size
                          NULL,                       // parent window handle
                          NULL,                       // window menu handle
                          hInstance,                  // program instance handle
                          NULL) ;                     // creation parameters
     
     ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ;
     UpdateWindow (hwnd) ;
     
     while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
     {
          TranslateMessage (&msg) ;
          DispatchMessage (&msg) ;
     }
     return msg.wParam ;
}

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
     HDC         hdc ;
     PAINTSTRUCT ps ;
     RECT        rect ;
     
     switch (message)
     {
     case WM_CREATE:
          PlaySound (TEXT ("hellowin.wav"), NULL, SND_FILENAME | SND_ASYNC) ;
          return 0 ;
          
     case WM_PAINT:
          hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
          
          GetClientRect (hwnd, &rect) ;
          
          DrawText (hdc, TEXT ("Hello, Windows 98!"), -1, &rect,
                    DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER) ;
          
          EndPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
          return 0 ;
          
     case WM_DESTROY:
          PostQuitMessage (0) ;
          return 0 ;
     }
     return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;
}

关键代码解释：

窗口类:

typedef struct tagWNDCLASS {
  UINT      style;	//窗口风格
  WNDPROC   lpfnWndProc;	//窗口消息处理函数
  int       cbClsExtra;		//窗口类结构体后面额外分配的内存空间字节数，系统初始化为0
  int       cbWndExtra;	//窗口实例后额外分配的内存空间自己数，系统初始化为0，
  HINSTANCE hInstance; //应用程序实例句柄
  HICON     hIcon;	//程序图标
  HCURSOR   hCursor; //程序光标
  HBRUSH    hbrBackground; //客户区背景刷颜色
  LPCTSTR   lpszMenuName; //菜单
  LPCTSTR   lpszClassName; //类名
} WNDCLASS, *PWNDCLASS;

创建窗口函数：

HWND WINAPI CreateWindow(
  _In_opt_ LPCTSTR   lpClassName, //窗口类名称
  _In_opt_ LPCTSTR   lpWindowName, //窗口名称
  _In_     DWORD     dwStyle, //窗口风格
  _In_     int       x,	//窗口x坐标
  _In_     int       y,     //窗口y坐标
  _In_     int       nWidth,	//窗口宽
  _In_     int       nHeight,	//窗口高
  _In_opt_ HWND      hWndParent, //父窗口句柄，没有设为NULL(即父窗口为桌面窗口)
  _In_opt_ HMENU     hMenu,		//窗口菜单句柄
  _In_opt_ HINSTANCE hInstance,		//窗口实例句柄
  _In_opt_ LPVOID    lpParam			//创建窗口时传给WM_CREATE消息的参数
);