二叉树的存储结构

 

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二叉树的基本特征：每个结点的度不大于２。

二、顺序存储结构

#define MAX_TREE_SIZE 100

typedef TElemType SqBiTree[MAX_TREE_SIZE];

SqBiTree bt;

 

结点编号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
结点值 1 2 3 4 5 0 0 0 0 6 7 0 0 0 0

第i号结点的左右孩子一定保存在第2i及2i+1号单元中。

缺点：对非完全二叉树而言，浪费存储空间

三、链式存储结构

一个二叉树的结点至少保存三种信息：数据元素、左孩子位置、右孩子位置

对应地，链式存储二叉树的结点至少包含三个域：数据域、左、右指针域。

 

也可以在结点中加上指向父结点的指针域P。

 

对结点有二个指针域的存储方式有以下表示方法：

typedef struct BiTNode{

TElemType data;

struct BitNode *lchild,*rchild;

}BiTNode,*BiTree;

基于该存储结构的二叉树基本操作有：

Status CreteBiTree(BiTree &T);

//按先序次序输入二叉树中结点的值（一个字符），空格字符表示空树，

//构造二叉链表表示的二叉树T。

Status PreOrderTraverse(BiTree T,Status(*Visit)(TElemType e));

//采用二叉链表存储结构,Visit是对结点操作的应用函数

//先序遍历二叉树T,对每个结点调用函数Visit一次且仅一次

//一旦visit()失败,则操作失败

Status InOrderTraverse(BiTree T,Status(*Visit)(TElemType e));

//采用二叉链表存储结构,Visit是对结点操作的应用函数

//中序遍历二叉树T,对每个结点调用函数Visit一次且仅一次

//一旦visit()失败,则操作失败

Status PostOrderTraverse(BiTree T,Status(*Visit)(TElemType e));

//采用二叉链表存储结构,Visit是对结点操作的应用函数

//后序遍历二叉树T,对每个结点调用函数Visit一次且仅一次

//一旦visit()失败,则操作失败

Status LevelOrderTraverse(BiTree T,Status(*Visit)(TElemType e));

//采用二叉链表存储结构,Visit是对结点操作的应用函数

//层序遍历二叉树T,对每个结点调用函数Visit一次且仅一次

//一旦visit()失败,则操作失败

四、总结本课内容

顺序存储与链式存储的优缺点。

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