接下来咱们就开始学习nginx的配置文件吧
然后cd到etc/nginx目录下
第一部分 nginx.conf
主配置文件为nginx.conf
与php相关的是fastcgi_params
与python相关的是uwsgi_params
nginx的注意事项1:恩,首先我们先确保先把apache停了,因为Apache默认使用80端口,两个会抢的!
我们首先可以打开nginx.conf
- #使用的用户和组
- user www-data;
- #指定工作衍生进程数(默认为CPU的线程数,咱的是N2600,双核四线程!)
- worker_processes 4;
- #指定pid存放的路径,应该记录了nginx守护进程的进程号,是其他进程的父进程id!(如Apache下有PidFile )
- pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
- events {
- use epoll;#linux下性能最好的event模式!默认木有这条!
- #允许的连接数
- worker_connections 768;
- # multi_accept on;
- }
- http {
- ##
- # Basic Settings
- ##
- sendfile on;
- tcp_nopush on;
- tcp_nodelay on;
- #keepalive_timeout 测试多次请求传输之间的时间,再一次持久链接,如果客户端的两次HTTP请求超过keepalive_timeout的时间,则关闭链接释放资源!!(Apache下也有)
- keepalive_timeout 65;
- types_hash_max_size 2048;
- # server_tokens off;
- # server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
- # server_name_in_redirect off;
- include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
- #啥是mime?我们的计算机网络里貌似提到了,但咱得搞懂!
- #
- default_type application/octet-stream;
- #当用户请求的文件木有在服务器中定义mime类型映射,使用DefaultType
- #可以有啥? text/html text/plain(表示后缀为txt的文件以文本显示) image/gif
- #这里的application/octet-stream 是啥?
- #若未定的文件多是软件或者图像,建议为application/octet-stream
- #浏览器会提示用户以“另存为”的方式保存文件!
- ##
- # Logging Settings
- ##
- #日志,详细见后面
- access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
- error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
- ##
- # Gzip Settings
- ##开启gzip压缩
- gzip on;
- gzip_disable "msie6";
- # gzip_vary on;
- # gzip_proxied any;
- # gzip_comp_level 6;
- # gzip_buffers 16 8k;
- # gzip_http_version 1.1;
- # gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
- ##
- # Virtual Host Configs
- ##
- include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
- include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
- ##很好,我们可以清楚的看到,我们会加载conf.d目录与sites-enabled目录下得所有文件,这也证明了我们为啥子可以在这两个目录下写配置文件!
- }
- #nginx同样可以做邮件代理服务器!
- #mail {
- # # See sample authentication script at:
- # # http://wiki.nginx.org/ImapAuthenticateWithApachePhpScript
- #
- # # auth_http localhost/auth.php;
- # # pop3_capabilities "TOP" "USER";
- # # imap_capabilities "IMAP4rev1" "UIDPLUS";
- #
- # server {
- # listen localhost:110;
- # protocol pop3;
- # proxy on;
- # }
- #
- # server {
- # listen localhost:143;
- # protocol imap;
- # proxy on;
- # }
- #}
第二部分 nginx的虚拟主机配置
啥是虚拟主机?话说我刚进精弘的任务就是配置虚拟主机,当时觉得好神奇啊!哈哈!首先虚拟主机是把一台主机分成一台台“虚拟”的主机,你想想我有20几个站点,咱不是大款,木有20几台服务器,于是利用虚拟主机,就可以解决这个问题!
如下图是最简单的虚拟主机配置文件
与Apache相同,nginx也可以配置多种类型的虚拟主机。
- 基于域名的虚拟主机
- 基于IP的虚拟主机
- 基于端口的虚拟主机
然后我们发现目录下有site-available与site-enabled两个目录,和Apache一模一样,我们一般采用的方法是在前者下写好配置文件,到后者目录下做好一个软连接!原因如同目录的名字一样,前者是存在的网站,而后者是正在使用的目录!nginx默认会加载site-enabled目录!前者的目录下有一个default给我们参考如何写虚拟主机的配置文件
让我们来看一下这段:
- # You may add here your
- # server {
- # ...
- # }
- # statements for each of your virtual hosts to this file
- #这段文字很清晰告诉我们如何添加虚拟主机!
- ##
- # You should look at the following URL's in order to grasp a solid understanding
- # of Nginx configuration files in order to fully unleash the power of Nginx.
- # http://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls
- # http://wiki.nginx.org/QuickStart
- # http://wiki.nginx.org/Configuration
- #
- # Generally, you will want to move this file somewhere, and start with a clean
- # file but keep this around for reference. Or just disable in sites-enabled.
- #
- # Please see /usr/share/doc/nginx-doc/examples/ for more detailed examples.
- ##
- ##上面这段讲了具体可以参考那些网站和例子!
- server {
- #开始了直接server打头,如果配置在nginx.conf里,请写在http{……server{……}}里,咱们是基于http协议的!
- #listen 80; ## listen for ipv4; this line is default and implied
- #监听80端口!
- #listen [::]:80 default ipv6only=on; ## listen for ipv6
- #root HTML网页文件存放的目录
- root /usr/share/nginx/www;
- #默认首页文件,顺序从左往右!如果找不到index.html,就去找index.htm`
- index index.html index.htm;
- # Make site accessible from http://localhost/
- server_name localhost;
- #主机名称
- location / {
- # First attempt to serve request as file, then
- # as directory, then fall back to index.html
- try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
- }
- #显而易见,访问根目录,直接跳转到首页!
- location /doc {
- root /usr/share;
- autoindex on;
- allow 127.0.0.1;
- deny all;
- }
- location /images {
- root /usr/share;
- autoindex off;
- }
- #这里涉及了404,50x的页面及其地址
- #error_page 404 /404.html;
- # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
- #
- #error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
- #location = /50x.html {
- # root /usr/share/nginx/www;
- #}
- # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
- #
- #location ~ \.php$ {
- # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
- #}
- # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
- #
- #location ~ \.php$ {
- # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
- # fastcgi_index index.php;
- # include fastcgi_params;
- #}
- # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
- # concurs with nginx's one
- #
- #location ~ /\.ht {
- # deny all;
- #}
- }
- # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
- #
- #server {
- # listen 8000;
- # listen somename:8080;
- # server_name somename alias another.alias;
- # root html;
- # index index.html index.htm;
- #
- # location / {
- # try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
- # }
- #}
- # HTTPS server
- #
- #server {
- # listen 443;
- # server_name localhost;
- #
- # root html;
- # index index.html index.htm;
- #
- # ssl on;
- # ssl_certificate cert.pem;
- # ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
- #
- # ssl_session_timeout 5m;
- #
- # ssl_protocols SSLv3 TLSv1;
- # ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv3:+EXP;
- # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
- #
- # location / {
- # try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
- # }
- #}
我们可以发现要配多个虚拟主机基本的格式是
server{……}
server{……}
然后我们来看一下nginx的日志
第三部分 nginx的日志
与nginx日志相关的指令主要有两条
log_format #设置日志的格式
access_log #指定日志文件的存放路径,格式,缓存大小
两条指令即可放在http{……}或者server{……}之间
- log_format XXXX(日志的名字,不能重复!)
- '$remote_addr [$time_local] '
- '"$request" $status $body_bytes_sent '
- '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" '
- '$http_x_forwarded_for';
- $remote_addr #反向代理服务器IP地址
- $time_local #用于记录访问时间与时区
- $request #用于记录请求的URL与HTTP协议
- $status #用于记录请求状态
- $body_bytes_sent #发送给客户端的文件主题内容大小
- $http_referer #记录从那个页面链接访问过来的
- $http_user_agent #用于记录客户端浏览器的相关信息
- $http_x_forwarded_for #记录客户端IP地址和客户端请求的服务器地址(这是由于是反向代理服务器,web服务器无法的IP)直接拿到客户端
access_log
access_log path [format {buffer=size | off}]
#不使用日志
access_log off
#使用默认XXXX格式的日志
access_log /data/logs/file.log XXXX
然后来一个实际的例子,这是我们精弘网络的测试服务器上的nginx下的一段虚拟主机配置文件!
- #ServerName bbs.zjut.com
- #ServerAlias v.zjut.com bbs2.zjut.com bbs.zjut.edu.cn
- #DocumentRoot /opt/www/bbs
- #jump to bbs.zjut.com
- #server{ listen 80;
- # server_name bbs2.zjut.com v.zjut.com ;
- # rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://bbs.zjut.com/$1 permanent;
- # access_log off;
- #}
- #jump to bbs.zjut.in
- server{ listen 80;
- #监听80端口
- server_name bbs2.zjut.in ;
- #主机名称
- rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://bbs.zjut.in/$1 permanent;
- access_log off;
- #日志关闭
- }
- #bbs.zjut.com
- server{ listen 80;
- #监听80端口
- server_name bbs.zjut.in;
- root /opt/www/bbs;
- #目录放在/opt/www/bbs
- index index.html index.htm index.php;
- #先找index.html,然后index.htm,再是index.php
- log_format bbs_log '$remote_addr [$time_local] '
- '"$request" $status $body_bytes_sent '
- '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" '
- '$http_x_forwarded_for';
- #定义日志格式
- # access_log /opt/log/nginx/bbs/bbs.log bbs_log;
- error_page 404 = /errorpage/404.html;
- #404错误页面的地址
- error_page 500 502 503 504 = /errorpage/500.html;
- #50X错误地址的目录
- location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|ico)$
- { expires 30d; }
- location ~ .*\.(js|css|asp|aspx)?$
- { expires 1h; }
- location /UploadFile {return 404;}
- location /uploadfile {return 404;}
- # location ~ .*\.(sh|bash|asp)?$
- # { return 403; }
- #location ~* \.(html|htm|xml|wmv|avi|asf|asx|mpg|mpeg|mp4|pls|mp3|mid|wav|flv|txt|exe|zip|rar|gz|tgz|bz2|uha|7z|doc|docx|xls|xlsx|pdf|iso)$
- #{ access_log off;
- # include /etc/nginx/conf.d/ipdeny.conf;
- #}
- location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ {
- #反向代理到本机的8000端口,我们可以去Apache的site-enabled目录下发现该站在Apache监听的就是8000端口!
- proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
- # access_log off;
- # include /etc/nginx/conf.d/ipdeny.conf;
- }
- # error_page 403 http://whatwhat.xxx/sss.html
- }
关于nginx的日志,还是很不了解,希望在接下来的系列学习文章有所体现。
转载地址http://blog.csdn.net/zyf837368104/article/details/7627033