一、实验要求
二、解题思路
1.合理划分子网
由题目可知,整个网络可大致分为6个区域,分别是Area0~Area4和RIP,所以将172.16.0.0/16划分成8个子网,还剩余2个空闲网段;然后,观察各个区域可以发现每一个区域大概会有三类网段,点到点骨干、MA股干、用户(环回),需要注意的是Area0需要建立Tunnel隧道,所以需要增加一个MGRE的网段;其次,在此基础之上将点到点骨干和MA网段在划分一下即可。
2.公网(区域0)全网可达
在区域0上配置好各网段的公有IP地址和环回地址,然后在区域0的各个ABR的公网接口上配置一条缺省指向指向ISO,实现公网的全网可达。
3.私网配置MGRE(Tunnel)
在路由器3、5、6、7上各配置一个Tunnel接口,然后将路由器3设置为中心站点,路由器5、6、7配置为分支站点向R3进行注册,然后更改OSPF的接口工作方式为Broadcast,然后更改5、6、7的优先级为0放弃DR/BDR选举。
4.私网配置OSPF路由协议
分别对区域1、2、3、4进行OSPF宣告和RIP宣告,需要注意的是区域3和区域4在配置时,要将ASBR(r9)G0/0/0口IP宣告到OSPF1,G0/0/1口IP宣告到OSPF2----将r9的0口和1口看成OSPF和RIP;其次需要注意的是,RIP宣告时只能宣告主类。
5.减少LSA更新量,加快收敛,保障更安全
减少LSA更新量:骨干区域进行网段汇总,非骨干区域进行特殊区域调整;
加快收敛:修改计时器,当hello时间达到了30s,进行修该hello时间,加快收敛。配置命令:ospf timer hello 10(这里填时间);
保障安全:接口认证:osps authication-mod5 1 cipher 123456 或 区域认证:authentication-mod5 1 cipher 123456。
6.所有设备均可访问R4环回
在路由器3、5、6、7的公网IP接口上各配置一条“一对多NAT”,即可实现所有设备均可访问R4的环回 。
三、配置命令
1.区域0 -- 公网全网可达
[r3]int g0/0/1
[r3]ip add 34.1.1.1 24
[r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.1.1.2
[r4]int lo0
[r4-LoopBack0]ip add 4.4.4.4 24
[r4-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[r4]ip add 34.1.1.2 24
[r4]int g0/0/2
[r4]ip add 46.1.1.2 24
[r4]int g0/0/1
[r4]ip add 45.1.1.2 24
[r4]int g4/0/0
[r4]ip add 47.1.1.2 24
[r5]int g0/0/0
[r5]ip add 45.1.1.1 24
[r5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.1.1.2
[r6]int g0/0/0
[r6-G4/0/0]ip add 46.1.1.1 24
[r6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.1.1.2
[r7]int g0/0/0
[r7-G4/0/0]ip add 47.1.1.1 24
[r7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.1.1.2
2.构建MGRE环境(Tunnel)
(1)搭建Tunnel虚拟链路
[r3]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.1 29
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.1.1.1
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r5]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.2 29
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]source s4/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.1.1.1 register
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r6]int t0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.3 29
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]source s4/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.1.1.1 register
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
[r7]int t0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.4 29
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]source s4/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.1.1 34.1.1.1 register
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp network-id 100
(2)配置各区域私有IP
区域0私有网段IP
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]int lo0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.2.1 25
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]int lo0
[r6-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.2.129 25
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]int lo0
[r7-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.3.1 25
区域1私有网段IP
[r1]int lo0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.33.1 25
[r2]int lo0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.33.129 25
[r3]int lo0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.34.1 25
[r1]int g0/0/0
[r1]ip add 172.16.32.129 29
[r2]int g0/0/0
[r2]ip add 172.16.32.130 29
[r3]int g0/0/0
[r3]ip add 172.16.32.131 29
区域2私有网段IP
[r6]int g0/0/1
[r6]ip add 172.16.64.1 30
[r11]int lo0
[r11-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.65.1 25
[r11-LoopBack0]int g0/0/0
[r11-Serial4/0/0]ip add 172.16.64.2 30
[r11-Serial4/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r11-Serial4/0/1]ip add 172.16.64.5 30
[r12]int g0/0/0
[r12-Serial4/0/0]ip add 172.16.64.6 30
区域3私有网段IP
[r7]int g0/0/1
[r7-Serial4/0/1]ip add 172.16.96.1 30
[r8]int lo0
[r8-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.97.1 25
[r8-LoopBack0]int 0/0/0
[r8-Serial4/0/0]ip add 172.16.96.2 30
[r8-Serial4/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r8-Serial4/0/1]ip add 172.16.96.5 30
[r9]int g0/0/0
[r9-Serial4/0/0]ip add 172.16.96.6 30
区域4私有网段IP
[r9]int lo0
[r9-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.129.1 25
[r9-LoopBack0]int g0/0/1
[r9-Serial4/0/1]ip add 172.16.128.1 30
[r10]int lo0
[r10-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.129.129 25
[r10-LoopBack0]int 0/0/0
[r10-Serial4/0/1]ip add 172.16.128.1 30
R12右边2个RIP环回
[r12]int lo0
[r12-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.160.1 20
[r12]int lo1
[r12-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.176.1 20
(3)OSPF宣告
[r1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-ospf-1]area 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-1]area 0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.1.1 0.0.0.0
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.32.0 0.0.3.255
[r5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-ospf-1]area 0
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-ospf-1]area 0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.1.255
[r6-ospf-1]area 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.64.1 0.0.0.0
[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-ospf-1]area 0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.3.255
[r7-ospf-1]area 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.96.1 0.0.0.0
[r8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[r8-ospf-1]area 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[r9-ospf-1]area 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.96.6 0.0.0.0
[r9-ospf-1]area 4
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.128.0 0.0.1.255
[r10]ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10
[r10-ospf-1]area 4
[r10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[r11-ospf-1]area 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[r12-ospf-1]area 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.64.6 0.0.0.0
(4)解决OSPF建立邻居问题(两两之间只能建立一对邻居)---- 更改OSPF接口的工作方式
[r3]int t0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
[r5]int t0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
[r6]int t0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
[r7]int t0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type broadcast
(5)解决OSPF的DR/BDR选举 ---- 放弃选举
[r5]int t0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
[r6]int t0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
[r7]int t0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf dr-priority 0
(6)解决RIP环回的路由不能直接被其他区域学习问题 ---- 重发布
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]import-route rip
3.减少LSA更新量
(1)汇总
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.224.0
[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]area 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.224.0
[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]area 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.96.0 255.255.224.0
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.224.0
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.160.0 255.255.224.0
(2)调整特殊区域
area 1: 调整:R1/R2末梢,R3末梢+完全
[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]area 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
area 2:R6:完全NSSA,R11/R12:NSSA
[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]area 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
[r11]ospf 1
[r11-ospf-1]area 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]area 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa
area3:R7:完全NSSA,R8/9:NSSA
[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]area 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
[r8]ospf 1
[r8-ospf-1]area 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]area 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa
关闭R9重发布
[r9]ospf 2
[r9-ospf-2]undo import-route ospf 1
R9给R10写一条缺省
[r9]ospf 2
[r9-ospf-2]default-route-advertise
4.给公网接口配NAT---所有设备均可访问ISP环回
[r3]acl 2000
[r3-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r3-acl-basic-2000]int s4/0/0
[r3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
[r6]acl 2000
[r6-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r6-acl-basic-2000]int s4/0/0
[r6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
[r7]acl 2000
[r7-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
[r7-acl-basic-2000]int s4/0/0
[r7-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
5.配置空接口防环----谁汇总谁就配
[r3]ip route-static 172.16.32.0 19 NULL 0
[r6]ip route-static 172.16.64.0 19 NULL 0
[r7]ip route-static 172.16.96.0 19 NULL 0
[r9]ip route-static 172.16.128.0 19 NULL 0
[r12]ip route-static 172.16.160.0 19 NULL 0