一、实验要求
二、解题思路
先配置好各个路由器的接口IP和环回IP,然后在对应的路由协议中进行网段宣告;
在R7的OSPF协议中,将其(直连路由)环回7.7.7.7/24引入;
在R2和R3上进行多学点双向重发布操作,这时会发现R1~R4四个路由器之间出现了环路,其原因是R7的环回经过从发布导入后,当R4向R1共享路由时,从R4的G0/0/0口发出的路由或G0/0/1口发出的路由会在R2的G0/0/0或R3的G0/0/1口相遇,由于R7的环回是直接重发布进入的,优先级为150,而RIP中学到的R7环回的路由优先级为100,所以二者相遇会摒弃优先级为150的路由,当优先级为100的路由通过R2或R3后,会再一次共享给R4,这样就造成路R7环回路由的出环;
为了解决出环问题,可以在R3的G0/0/1口和R2的G0/0/0口做一个路由策略,将RIP学到的路由的优先级改为151,这样既解决了路由器间(物理)线路正常情况下的环路问题,也解决了路由器间(物理)线路出现问题后,仍然保持正常通讯的问题(备份路由);
由于R5-R7 访问RIP时的下一跳均是R4,所以只需要解决R1-R4之间的选路最佳,又因为R1到R4时负载均衡,所以需要解决R2和R3最佳选路即可;
三、配置命令
1、配置IP、RIP/OSPF宣告
[r1]int lo0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 24
[r1-LoopBack0]int g0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 12.1.1.1 24
[r1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 13.1.1.1 24
[r1]rip
[r1]rip 1
[r1-rip-1]ver 2
[r1-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0
[r1-rip-1]network 13.0.0.0
[r1-rip-1]network 1.0.0.0
[r2]int g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.2 24
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 24.1.1.1 24
[r2]rip
[r2]rip 1
[r2-rip-1]ver 2
[r2-rip-1]network 2.0.0.0
[r2-rip-1]network 12.0.0.0
[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-ospf-1]area 0
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 24.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
[r3]int g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 34.1.1.1 24
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip add 3.3.3.3 24
[r3-LoopBack0]int g0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 13.1.1.2 24
[r3]rip 1
[r3-rip-1]ver 2
[r3-rip-1]network 13.0.0.0
[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-1]are
[r3-ospf-1]area 0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
[r4]int g0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 24.1.1.2 24
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 34.1.1.2 24
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo0
r4-LoopBack0]ip add 4.4.4.4 24
[r4-LoopBack0]int g0/0/2
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 45.1.1.1 24
[r4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[r4-ospf-1]area 0
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 24.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
[r5]int g0/0/0
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 45.1.1.2 24
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 56.1.1.1 24
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.5 24
[r5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-ospf-1]area 0
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
[r6]int g0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 56.1.1.2 24
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 67.1.1.1 24
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo0
[r6-LoopBack0]ip add 6.6.6.6 24
[r7]int g0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 67.1.1.2 24
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[r7-LoopBack0]ip add 7.7.7.7 24
[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-ospf-1]area 0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 67.1.1.2 0.0.0.0
2、R7环回向OSPF重发布----导入直连路由
[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]import-route direct
3、R2/R3双向重发布----会导致“出环”
[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]import-route rip
[r2]rip 1
[r2-rip-1]import-route ospf 1
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]import-route rip
[r3]rip 1
[r3-rip-1]import-route ospf 1
4、解决R1-R4出环
R3
[r3]route-policy a permit node 10
[r3-route-policy]apply preference 151
[r3]rip 1
[r3-rip-1]preference route-policy a
R2
[r2]acl 2000
[r2-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 7.7.7.0 0
[r2]route-policy a permit node 10
[r2-route-policy]if-match acl 2000
[r2-route-policy]apply preference 151
[r2]rip 1
[r2-rip-1]preference route-policy a
5、最佳选路
(1)出现“回馈“”----R3
1、改接口工作方式----broadcast
2、改环回IP地址:
[r3]int lo0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip add 3.3.3.3 32
(2)选路最佳
[r2]acl 2001
[r2-acl-basic-2001]rule permit source 3.3.3.3 0
[r2-acl-basic-2001]rule permit source 34.1.1.0 0
[r2]int g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]rip metricout 2001 2
[r3]acl 2001
[r3-acl-basic-2001]rule permit source 24.1.1.0 0
[r3]int g0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]rip metricout 2001 2
[r2]ip ip-prefix q permit 12.1.1.0 24
[r2]ip ip-prefix q permit 2.2.2.0 24
[r2]route-policy w permit node 10
[r2-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix q
[r2-route-policy]apply cost-type type-1
[r2]route-policy w permit node 20
[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]import-route rip route-policy w
[r3]ip ip-prefix q permit 13.1.1.0 24
[r3]route-policy w permit node 10
[r3-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix q
[r3-route-policy]apply cost-type type-2
[r3]route-policy w permit node 20
[r3-ospf-1]import-route rip route-policy w
[r3]route-policy w permit node 10
[r3-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix q
[r3-route-policy]apply cost-type type-1
[r3]route-policy w permit node 20
[r3-ospf-1]import-route rip route-policy w
四、实验截图
- 查看路由表