linux下sar命令了解

转载自：

https://blog.csdn.net/chenggong2dm/article/details/8555127

https://blog.csdn.net/msdnchina/article/details/80639978

安装sar

#yum -y install sysstat     #或者 yum install sysstat （自己按y）

#whereis sar

#whereis iostat

安装完成。

 

使用sar

//每隔一秒往屏幕输出一次cpu使用信息，共输出5次：

#sar 1 5       #或者 sar -u 1 5

//每2秒采样1次，共10次，把CPU使用数据保存到/opt/cpu.log文件中。
#sar 2 10 > /opt/cpu.log

//当前所有核心的数据显示。
#sar -P ALL 1 1

//每隔1秒记录CPU的使用情况，直到11点02分，数据将保存到/opt/cpu.log文件中。(-e 参数表示结束时间，注意时间格式：必须为hh:mm:ss格式)
#sar 1 0 -u -e 11:02:00 > /opt/cpu.log

//每隔1秒记录内存使用情况，直到11点02分，数据将保存到/opt/memory.log文件中。
#sar 1 0 -r -e 11:02:00 > /opt/memory.log

//每隔1秒记录网络使用情况，直到11点02分，数据将保存到/opt/network.log文件中。
#sar 1 0 -n DEV -e 11:02:00 > /opt/network.log

 

附注：

一般格式：
sar [ options... ] [ <interval> [ <count> ] ]

常用选项：
-A ：包括绝大多数选项。
-b ：报告I/O和传输速率统计。
-B ：报告分页统计。
-c ：报告进程创建活动。
-d ：报告每个活动的块设备。(指磁盘)
-e [ hh:mm:ss ] ：设置sar命令执行的结束时间，时间为24小时制格式。
-I { irq | SUM | ALL | XALL } ：报告给定中断的统计。
-n { DEV | EDEV | NFS | NFSD | SOCK | ALL } ：报告网络统计。
-P { cpu | ALL } ：报告每个处理器的统计信息，可以统计指定或全部处理器。
-q ：报告队列长度和平均负载。
-r ：报告内存和交换空间的利用情况统计。
-R ：报告内存统计。
-u ：报告CPU利用率。
interval ：两次输出之间的间隔时间。

count ：按照这个时间间隔统计的次数。

[root@abc ~]# man sar  
  
-u [ ALL ]  
Report CPU utilization. The ALL keyword indicates that all the CPU fields should be displayed.  The report may show the following fields:  
  
%user  
Percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while executing at the user level (application). Note that this field includes time spent running virtual processors.  
  
%usr  
Percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while executing at the user level (application). Note that this field does NOT include time spent running  virtual  processors.  
  
%nice  
Percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while executing at the user level with nice priority.  

%system  
Percentage  of  CPU  utilization  that  occurred while executing at the system level (kernel). Note that this field includes time spent servicing hardware and software interrupts.  

%sys  
Percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while executing at the system level (kernel). Note that this field does NOT include time spent servicing hardware or  soft-ware interrupts.  

%iowait  
Percentage of time that the CPU or CPUs were idle during which the system had an outstanding disk I/O request.  

%steal  
Percentage of time spent in involuntary wait by the virtual CPU or CPUs while the hypervisor was servicing another virtual processor.  

%irq  
Percentage of time spent by the CPU or CPUs to service hardware interrupts.  

%soft  
Percentage of time spent by the CPU or CPUs to service software interrupts.  

%guest  
Percentage of time spent by the CPU or CPUs to run a virtual processor.  

%idle  
Percentage of time that the CPU or CPUs were idle and the system did not have an outstanding disk I/O request.  

Note: On SMP machines a processor that does not have any activity at all (0.00 for every field) is a disabled (offline) processor.  

[root@abc ~]# sar -u ALL 1 10  
Linux 2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64 (abc)   06/06/2018  _x86_64_    (4 CPU)  
  
  
01:56:08 PM     CPU      %usr     %nice      %sys    %iowait   %steal      %irq     %soft    %guest     %idle  
01:56:09 PM     all      0.00      0.00      0.25      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00     99.75  
01:56:10 PM     all      0.25      0.00      0.25      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00     99.50  
01:56:11 PM     all      0.00      0.00      0.25      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00     99.75  
01:56:12 PM     all      0.00      0.00      0.25      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00     99.75  
01:56:13 PM     all      0.25      0.00      0.50      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00     99.25  
01:56:14 PM     all      0.00      0.00      0.25      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00     99.75  
01:56:15 PM     all      0.00      0.00      0.25      0.25      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00     99.50  
01:56:16 PM     all      0.00      0.00      0.25      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00     99.75  
01:56:17 PM     all      0.00      0.00      0.50      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00     99.50  
01:56:18 PM     all      0.00      0.00      0.25      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00     99.75  
Average:        all      0.05      0.00      0.30      0.03      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00     99.62  
[root@abc ~]#   

Spending time in %user is expected behavior, as this is where all non-system tasks are accounted for.   
If cycles are actively being spent in %system then much of the execution time is being spent in lower-level code.   
If %iowait is high then it indicates processes are actively waiting due to disk accesses being a bottleneck on the system.