记录一次用java实现抠图(签名图片)的经历，并裁剪多余的部分

import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;

/**
 * 抠图工具类（要求白底黑字）
 * @author zhangjinshi
 *
 */
public class PictureUtils
{

	public static int color_range = 210;
    public static Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("[0-9]*");

    public static boolean isNo(String str) {
        return pattern.matcher(str).matches();
    }

    /**
     *
     * @param file 保存后要处理的png文件
     * @param rcb  要扣掉的rcb色值
     */
    public static void transApla(InputStream is,String path){
    	int rcb = 175;
        try {
            // 如果是MultipartFile类型，那么自身也有转换成流的方法：is = file.getInputStream();
            BufferedImage bi = ImageIO.read(is);
            Image image = (Image) bi;
            ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(image);
            BufferedImage bufferedImage = new BufferedImage(imageIcon.getIconWidth(), imageIcon.getIconHeight(),
                    BufferedImage.TYPE_4BYTE_ABGR);
            Graphics2D g2D = (Graphics2D) bufferedImage.getGraphics();
            g2D.drawImage(imageIcon.getImage(), 0, 0, imageIcon.getImageObserver());
            //透明度
			int alpha = 0;
			//横坐标最小值
			int minx = 0;
			//纵坐标最小值
			int miny = 0;
			//横坐标最大值
			int maxx = 0;
			//纵坐标最大值
			int maxy = 0;
            color_range = 255 - rcb; // 0
            for (int j1 = bufferedImage.getMinY(); j1 < bufferedImage
                    .getHeight(); j1++) {
                for (int j2 = bufferedImage.getMinX(); j2 < bufferedImage
                        .getWidth(); j2++) {
                    int rgb = bufferedImage.getRGB(j2, j1);
                    if (colorInRange(rgb)) {
                        alpha = 0;
                    } else {
                        alpha = 255;
                        if (minx == 0 && miny == 0)
						{
							minx = j2;
							miny = j1;
						} else 
						{
							if (minx > j2)
							{
								minx = j2;
							}
							if (miny > j1)
							{
								miny = j1;
							}
						}
						if (maxx == 0 && maxy == 0)
						{
							maxx = j2;
							maxy = j1;
						} else 
						{
							if (maxx < j2)
							{
								maxx = j2;
							}
							if (maxy < j1)
							{
								maxy = j1;
							}
						}
					}
                    }
                    rgb = (alpha << 24) | (rgb & 0x00ffffff);
                    bufferedImage.setRGB(j2, j1, rgb);
                }
            }

            //这个画布的要先执行，不能先裁剪然后再使用画布，会造成渲染紊乱
			g2D.drawImage(bufferedImage, 0, 0, imageIcon.getImageObserver());
			//渲染，最后在执行裁剪
			if (minx != 0 && miny != 0)
			{
				//+-10是为了预留10像素的边距
				minx -= 10;
				miny -= 10;
				bufferedImage = bufferedImage.getSubimage(minx, miny, maxx - minx + 10, maxy - miny + 10);
			}
            ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "png", new File(path));// 直接输出文件
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if(is!=null){
                try{
                    is.close();
                }catch (Exception e){}
            }
        }
    }

    public static boolean colorInRange(int color) {
        int red = (color & 0xff0000) >> 16;
        int green = (color & 0x00ff00) >> 8;
        int blue = (color & 0x0000ff);
        double d = 0.2126 * red + 0.7152 * green + 0.0722 * blue;
        //这里的阀值数字可放大缩小跳转
        if (d < 50)
		{
        	//判断为黑色
			return false;
		}
//        if (red >= color_range && green >= color_range && blue >= color_range) {
//            return true;
//        }
        return true;
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException
	{
    	// 抠图工具类
//    	PictureUtils.transApla(new FileInputStream(new File("C:\\Users\\zhangjinshi\\Desktop\\33.png")),"C:\\Users\\zhangjinshi\\Desktop\\demo1.png"); // 169为灰色的rcb色值
//        PictureUtils.transApla(new FileInputStream(new File("C:\\Users\\zhangjinshi\\Desktop\\王五.png")),"C:\\Users\\zhangjinshi\\Desktop\\demo1.png"); // 169为灰色的rcb色值
        PictureUtils.transApla(new FileInputStream(new File("C:\\Users\\zhangjinshi\\Desktop\\z2.jpg")),"C:\\Users\\zhangjinshi\\Desktop\\demo1.png"); // 169为灰色的rcb色值
//        PictureUtils.transApla(new FileInputStream(new File("C:\\Users\\zhangjinshi\\Desktop\\demo.jpg")),"C:\\Users\\zhangjinshi\\Desktop\\demo1.png"); // 169为灰色的rcb色值
	}
    
//    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//        BufferedImage image = ImageIO.read(new File("C:\\Users\\zhangjinshi\\Desktop\\demo.jpg"));
//        // 高度和宽度
//        int height = image.getHeight();
//        int width = image.getWidth();
// 
//        // 生产背景透明和内容透明的图片
//        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(image);
//        BufferedImage bufferedImage = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_4BYTE_ABGR);
//        Graphics2D g2D = (Graphics2D) bufferedImage.getGraphics(); // 获取画笔
//        g2D.drawImage(imageIcon.getImage(), 0, 0, null); // 绘制Image的图片，使用了imageIcon.getImage()，目的就是得到image,直接使用image就可以的
// 
//        int alpha = 0; // 图片透明度
//        // 外层遍历是Y轴的像素
//        for (int y = bufferedImage.getMinY(); y < bufferedImage.getHeight(); y++) {
//            // 内层遍历是X轴的像素
//            for (int x = bufferedImage.getMinX(); x < bufferedImage.getWidth(); x++) {
//                int rgb = bufferedImage.getRGB(x, y);
//                // 对当前颜色判断是否在指定区间内
//                if (colorInRange(rgb)){
//                    // #AARRGGBB 最前两位为透明度
//                    rgb = (alpha << 24) | (rgb & 0x00ffffff);
//                    bufferedImage.setRGB(x, y, rgb);
//                    alpha = 0;
//                }else{
//                // 设置为不透明
//                    alpha = 255;
//                    // #AARRGGBB 最前两位为透明度
//                    rgb = (alpha << 24) | (0xff0000);
//                    bufferedImage.setRGB(x, y, rgb);
//                }
// 
//            }
//        }
//        // 绘制设置了RGB的新图片,这一步感觉不用也可以只是透明地方的深浅有变化而已，就像蒙了两层的感觉
//        g2D.drawImage(bufferedImage, 0, 0, null);
// 
//        // 生成图片为PNG
//        ImageIO.write(bufferedImage, "png", new File("C:\\Users\\zhangjinshi\\Desktop\\demo1.png"));
//        }
}

原理就是判断每个像素的颜色，如果为非黑色就将像素的颜色转为透明色alpha = 0;

裁剪就是获取最大横纵坐标和最小横纵坐标的范围裁剪。

参考的文档：

https://blog.csdn.net/jgr8224/article/details/105075773
https://blog.csdn.net/wohaqiyi/article/details/109266869
https://blog.csdn.net/xietansheng/article/details/78453570