A Comparison of java.net.URLConnection and HTTPClient
Since java.net.URLConnection and HTTPClient have overlappingfunctionaliti
1.概念
2.区别
HttpClient是个很不错的开源框架,封装了访问http的请求头,参数,内容体,响应等等,
HttpURLConnection是java的标准类,什么都没封装,用起来太原始,不方便,比如重访问的自定义,以及一些高级功能等。
3.案例
URLConnection
String urlAddress = "http://192.168.1.102:8080/AndroidServer/login.do";
URL url;
HttpURLConnection uRLConnection;
public UrlConnectionToServer(){
}
//向服务器发送get请求 public String doGet(String username,String password){ String getUrl = urlAddress + "?username="+username+"&password="+password; try { url = new URL(getUrl); uRLConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection(); InputStream is = uRLConnection.getInputStream(); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is)); String response = ""; String readLine = null; while((readLine =br.readLine()) != null){ //response = br.readLine();
response = response + readLine; } is.close(); br.close(); uRLConnection.disconnect(); return response; } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); returnnull; } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); returnnull; } }
//向服务器发送post请求 public String doPost(String username,String password){ try { url = new URL(urlAddress); uRLConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection(); uRLConnection.setDoInput(true); uRLConnection.setDoOutput(true); uRLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST"); uRLConnection.setUseCaches(false); uRLConnection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(false); uRLConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); uRLConnection.connect(); DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(uRLConnection.getOutputStream()); String content = "username="+username+"&password="+password; out.writeBytes(content); out.flush(); out.close(); InputStream is = uRLConnection.getInputStream(); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is)); String response = ""; String readLine = null; while((readLine =br.readLine()) != null){ //response = br.readLine();
response = response + readLine; } is.close(); br.close(); uRLConnection.disconnect(); return response; } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); returnnull; } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); returnnull; } }
HTTPClient
String urlAddress = "http://192.168.1.102:8080/qualityserver/login.do"; public HttpClientServer(){ } public String doGet(String username,String password){ String getUrl = urlAddress + "?username="+username+"&password="+password; HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(getUrl); HttpParams hp = httpGet.getParams(); hp.getParameter("true"); //hp.
//httpGet.setp
HttpClient hc = new DefaultHttpClient(); try { HttpResponse ht = hc.execute(httpGet); if(ht.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK){ HttpEntity he = ht.getEntity(); InputStream is = he.getContent(); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is)); String response = ""; String readLine = null; while((readLine =br.readLine()) != null){ //response = br.readLine();
response = response + readLine; } is.close(); br.close(); //String str = EntityUtils.toString(he);
System.out.println("========="+response); return response; }else{ return "error"; } } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace(); return "exception"; } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace(); return "exception"; } } public String doPost(String username,String password){ //String getUrl = urlAddress + "?username="+username+"&password="+password;
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(urlAddress); List params = new ArrayList(); NameValuePair pair1 = new BasicNameValuePair("username", username); NameValuePair pair2 = new BasicNameValuePair("password", password); params.add(pair1); params.add(pair2); HttpEntity he; try { he = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, "gbk"); httpPost.setEntity(he); } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block
e1.printStackTrace(); } HttpClient hc = new DefaultHttpClient(); try { HttpResponse ht = hc.execute(httpPost); //连接成功
if(ht.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK){ HttpEntity het = ht.getEntity(); InputStream is = het.getContent(); BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is)); String response = ""; String readLine = null; while((readLine =br.readLine()) != null){ //response = br.readLine();
response = response + readLine; } is.close(); br.close(); //String str = EntityUtils.toString(he);
System.out.println("=========&&"+response); return response; }else{ return "error"; } } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace(); return "exception"; } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace(); return "exception"; } }
servlet端json转化:
resp.setContentType("text/json"); resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); toDo = new ToDo(); List<UserBean> list = new ArrayList<UserBean>(); list = toDo.queryUsers(mySession); String body; //设定JSON
JSONArray array = new JSONArray(); for(UserBean bean : list) { JSONObject obj = new JSONObject(); try { obj.put("username", bean.getUserName()); obj.put("password", bean.getPassWord()); }catch(Exception e){} array.add(obj); } pw.write(array.toString()); System.out.println(array.toString());
android端接收:
String urlAddress = "http://192.168.1.102:8080/qualityserver/result.do"; String body = getContent(urlAddress); JSONArray array = new JSONArray(body); for(int i=0;i<array.length();i++) { obj = array.getJSONObject(i); sb.append("用户名:").append(obj.getString("username")).append("\t"); sb.append("密码:").append(obj.getString("password")).append("\n"); HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>(); try { userName = obj.getString("username"); passWord = obj.getString("password"); } catch (JSONException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } map.put("username", userName); map.put("password", passWord); listItem.add(map); } } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace(); } if(sb!=null) { showResult.setText("用户名和密码信息:"); showResult.setTextSize(20); } else extracted(); //设置adapter
SimpleAdapter simple = new SimpleAdapter(this,listItem, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_2, new String[]{"username","password"}, newint[]{android.R.id.text1,android.R.id.text2}); listResult.setAdapter(simple); listResult.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @Override publicvoid onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) { int positionId = (int) (id+1); Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "ID:"+positionId, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } }); } privatevoid extracted() { showResult.setText("没有有效的数据!"); } //和服务器连接
private String getContent(String url)throws Exception{ StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); HttpClient client =new DefaultHttpClient(); HttpParams httpParams =client.getParams(); HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(httpParams, 3000); HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(httpParams, 5000); HttpResponse response = client.execute(new HttpGet(url)); HttpEntity entity =response.getEntity(); if(entity !=null){ BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader (entity.getContent(),"UTF-8"),8192); String line =null; while ((line= reader.readLine())!=null){ sb.append(line +"\n"); } reader.close(); } return sb.toString(); }
URLConnection | HTTPClient | |
---|---|---|
Proxies and SOCKS | Full support in Netscape browser, appletviewer, and applications (SOCKS: Version 4 only); no additional limitations from security policies. | Full support (SOCKS: Version 4 and 5); limited in applets however by security policies; in Netscape can't pick up the settings from the browser. |
Authorization | Full support for Basic Authorization in Netscape (can use info given by the user for normal accesses outside of the applet); no support in appletviewer or applications. | Full support everywhere; however cannot access previously given info from Netscape, thereby possibly requesting the user to enter info (s)he has already given for a previous access. Also, you can add/implement additional authentication mechanisms yourself. |
Methods | Only has GET and POST. | Has HEAD, GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, TRACE and OPTIONS, plus any arbitrary method. |
Headers | Currently you can only set any request headers if you are doing a POST under Netscape; for GETs and the JDK you can't set any headers. | Allows any arbitrary headers to be sent and received. |
Automatic Redirection Handling | Yes. | Yes (as allowed by the HTTP/1.1 spec). |
Persistent Connections | No support currently in JDK; under Netscape uses HTTP/1.0 Keep-Alive's. | Supports HTTP/1.0 Keep-Alive's and HTTP/1.1 persistence. |
Pipelining of Requests | No. | Yes. |
Can handle protocols other than HTTP | Theoretically; however only http is currently implemented. | No. |
Can do HTTP over SSL (https) | Under Netscape, yes. Using Appletviewer or in an application, no. | No (not yet). |
Source code available | No. | Yes. |
HttpURLConnection是java的标准类,HttpURLConnection继承自URLConnection,可用于向指定网站发送GET请求、POST请求。它在URLConnection的基础上提供了如下便捷的方法:
- int getResponseCode():获取服务器的响应代码。
- String getResponseMessage():获取服务器的响应消息。
- String getResponseMethod():获取发送请求的方法。
- void setRequestMethod(String method):设置发送请求的方法。
在一般情况下,如果只是需要Web站点的某个简单页面提交请求并获取服务器响应,HttpURLConnection完全可以胜任。但在绝大部分情况下,Web站点的网页可能没这么简单,这些页面并不是通过一个简单的URL就可访问的,可能需要用户登录而且具有相应的权限才可访问该页面。在这种情况下,就需要涉及Session、Cookie的处理了,如果打算使用HttpURLConnection来处理这些细节,当然也是可能实现的,只是处理起来难度就大了。
为了更好地处理向Web站点请求,包括处理Session、Cookie等细节问题,Apache开源组织提供了一个HttpClient项目,看它的名称就知道,它是一个简单的HTTP客户端(并不是浏览器),可以用于发送HTTP请求,接收HTTP响应。但不会缓存服务器的响应,不能执行HTML页面中嵌入的Javascript代码;也不会对页面内容进行任何解析、处理。
- 创建HttpClient对象。
- 如果需要发送GET请求,创建HttpGet对象;如果需要发送POST请求,创建HttpPost对象。
- 如果需要发送请求参数,可调用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HetpParams params)方法来添加请求参数;对于HttpPost对象而言,也可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数。
- 调用HttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求,执行该方法返回一个HttpResponse。
- 调用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头;调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象,该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容。