Struts1.3.10深入源代码之核心类ActionServlet类

org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet类是Struts框架的核心控制器组件，所有的用户请求都由ActionServlet类来处理，然后再由ActionServlet把请求转发给其他组件。Struts框架只允许在一个应用中配置一个ActionServlet类，在应用的生命周期中，仅创建ActionServlet类的一个实例，这个ActionServlet实例可以同时相应多个用户的请求。
 [b][color=red] Struts框架的初始化过程：[/color][/b]Servlet容器在启动时，或者用户首次请求ActionServlet时加载ActionServlet类。Servlet类在ActionServlet类被加载后立即执行它的init（）方法，这可以保证当ActionServlet处理用户请求时已经被初始化。

下面是init（）方法：

public void init() throws ServletException {
        final String configPrefix = "config/";
        final int configPrefixLength = configPrefix.length() - 1;

        // Wraps the entire initialization in a try/catch to better handle
        // unexpected exceptions and errors to provide better feedback
        // to the developer
        try {
            initInternal();
            initOther();
            initServlet();
            initChain();

            getServletContext().setAttribute(Globals.ACTION_SERVLET_KEY, this);
            initModuleConfigFactory();

            // Initialize modules as needed
            ModuleConfig moduleConfig = initModuleConfig("", config);

            initModuleMessageResources(moduleConfig);
            initModulePlugIns(moduleConfig);
            initModuleFormBeans(moduleConfig);
            initModuleForwards(moduleConfig);
            initModuleExceptionConfigs(moduleConfig);
            initModuleActions(moduleConfig);
            moduleConfig.freeze();

            Enumeration names = getServletConfig().getInitParameterNames();

            while (names.hasMoreElements()) {
                String name = (String) names.nextElement();

                if (!name.startsWith(configPrefix)) {
                    continue;
                }

                String prefix = name.substring(configPrefixLength);

                moduleConfig =
                    initModuleConfig(prefix,
                        getServletConfig().getInitParameter(name));
                initModuleMessageResources(moduleConfig);
                initModulePlugIns(moduleConfig);
                initModuleFormBeans(moduleConfig);
                initModuleForwards(moduleConfig);
                initModuleExceptionConfigs(moduleConfig);
                initModuleActions(moduleConfig);
                moduleConfig.freeze();
            }

            this.initModulePrefixes(this.getServletContext());

            this.destroyConfigDigester();
        } catch (UnavailableException ex) {
            throw ex;
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            // The follow error message is not retrieved from internal message
            // resources as they may not have been able to have been
            // initialized
            log.error("Unable to initialize Struts ActionServlet due to an "
                + "unexpected exception or error thrown, so marking the "
                + "servlet as unavailable.  Most likely, this is due to an "
                + "incorrect or missing library dependency.", t);
            throw new UnavailableException(t.getMessage());
        }
    }

[b][color=red]在init（）初始化方法中主要有下面几步构成[/color]：[/b]
（1）调用initInternal（）方法，初始化Struts框架内在的消息资源，如与系统日志相关的通知、警告和错误消息。
（2）调用initOther（）方法，从web.xml文件中加载ActionServlet的初始化参数，如congig参数。
（3）调用initServlet（）方法，从web.xml文件中加载ActionServlet的URL映射信息。此外还会注册web.xml和Struts配置文件所使用的DTD文件，这些DTD文件用来验证web.xml和Struts配置文件的语法。
（4）调用initModuleConfig（）方法，加载并解析默认子应用模块的Struts配置文件，创建ModuleConfig对象，把它存储在ServletContext中。
（5）调用initModuleMessageResources()方法，加载并初始化默认子应用模块的消息资源；创建MessageResources对象，把它存储在ServletContext中。
（6）调用initModuleDataSources（），加载并初始化默认子应用模块的数据源。
（7）调用initModulePlugins（）方法，加载并初始化默认子应用模块的所有插件。
（8）当默认子模块被成功地初始化后，如果还包括其他子应用模块，将重复流程（4）~（7），分别对其他子应用模块进行初始化。


下面是ActionSerlet类的完整源代码
[code="java"]package org.apache.struts.action;

import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.ConvertUtils;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtils;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.converters.BigDecimalConverter;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.converters.BigIntegerConverter;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.converters.BooleanConverter;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.converters.ByteConverter;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.converters.CharacterConverter;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.converters.DoubleConverter;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.converters.FloatConverter;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.converters.IntegerConverter;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.converters.LongConverter;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.converters.ShortConverter;
import org.apache.commons.chain.CatalogFactory;
import org.apache.commons.chain.config.ConfigParser;
import org.apache.commons.digester.Digester;
import org.apache.commons.digester.RuleSet;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.apache.struts.Globals;
import org.apache.struts.config.ActionConfig;
import org.apache.struts.config.ConfigRuleSet;
import org.apache.struts.config.ExceptionConfig;
import org.apache.struts.config.FormBeanConfig;
import org.apache.struts.config.FormPropertyConfig;
import org.apache.struts.config.ForwardConfig;
import org.apache.struts.config.MessageResourcesConfig;
import org.apache.struts.config.ModuleConfig;
import org.apache.struts.config.ModuleConfigFactory;
import org.apache.struts.config.PlugInConfig;
import org.apache.struts.util.MessageResources;
import org.apache.struts.util.MessageResourcesFactory;
import org.apache.struts.util.ModuleUtils;
import org.apache.struts.util.RequestUtils;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.UnavailableException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.BigInteger;

import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.MissingResourceException;

public class ActionServlet extends HttpServlet {
/**
* <p>Commons Logging instance.</p>
*
* @since Struts 1.1
*/
protected static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(ActionServlet.class);

// ----------------------------------------------------- Instance Variables

/**
* <p>Comma-separated list of context-relative path(s) to our
* configuration resource(s) for the default module.</p>
*/
protected String config = "/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml";

/**
* <p>Comma-separated list of context or classloader-relative path(s) that
* contain the configuration for the default commons-chain
* catalog(s).</p>
*/
protected String chainConfig = "org/apache/struts/chain/chain-config.xml";

/**
* <p>The Digester used to produce ModuleConfig objects from a Struts
* configuration file.</p>
*
* @since Struts 1.1
*/
protected Digester configDigester = null;

/**
* <p>The flag to request backwards-compatible conversions for form bean
* properties of the Java wrapper class types.</p>
*
* @since Struts 1.1
*/
protected boolean convertNull = false;

/**
* <p>The resources object for our internal resources.</p>
*/
protected MessageResources internal = null;

/**
* <p>The Java base name of our internal resources.</p>
*
* @since Struts 1.1
*/
protected String internalName = "org.apache.struts.action.ActionResources";

/**
* <p>The set of public identifiers, and corresponding resource names, for
* the versions of the configuration file DTDs that we know about. There
* <strong>MUST</strong> be an even number of Strings in this list!</p>
*/
protected String[] registrations =
{
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.0//EN",
"/org/apache/struts/resources/struts-config_1_0.dtd",
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.1//EN",
"/org/apache/struts/resources/struts-config_1_1.dtd",
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN",
"/org/apache/struts/resources/struts-config_1_2.dtd",
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.3//EN",
"/org/apache/struts/resources/struts-config_1_3.dtd",
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN",
"/org/apache/struts/resources/web-app_2_3.dtd"
};

/**
* <p>The URL pattern to which we are mapped in our web application
* deployment descriptor.</p>
*/
protected String servletMapping = null; // :FIXME: - multiples?

/**
* <p>The servlet name under which we are registered in our web
* application deployment descriptor.</p>
*/
protected String servletName = null;

// ---------------------------------------------------- HttpServlet Methods

/**
* <p>Gracefully shut down this controller servlet, releasing any
* resources that were allocated at initialization.</p>
*/
public void destroy() {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug(internal.getMessage("finalizing"));
}

destroyModules();
destroyInternal();
getServletContext().removeAttribute(Globals.ACTION_SERVLET_KEY);

CatalogFactory.clear();
PropertyUtils.clearDescriptors();

// Release our LogFactory and Log instances (if any)
ClassLoader classLoader =
Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();

if (classLoader == null) {
classLoader = ActionServlet.class.getClassLoader();
}

try {
LogFactory.release(classLoader);
} catch (Throwable t) {
; // Servlet container doesn't have the latest version

// of commons-logging-api.jar installed
// :FIXME: Why is this dependent on the container's version of
// commons-logging? Shouldn't this depend on the version packaged
// with Struts?

/*
Reason: LogFactory.release(classLoader); was added as
an attempt to investigate the OutOfMemory error reported on
Bugzilla #14042. It was committed for version 1.136 by craigmcc
*/
}
}

/**
* <p>Initialize this servlet. Most of the processing has been factored
* into support methods so that you can override particular functionality
* at a fairly granular level.</p>
*
* @throws ServletException if we cannot configure ourselves correctly
*/
public void init() throws ServletException {
final String configPrefix = "config/";
final int configPrefixLength = configPrefix.length() - 1;

// Wraps the entire initialization in a try/catch to better handle
// unexpected exceptions and errors to provide better feedback
// to the developer
try {
initInternal();
initOther();
initServlet();
initChain();

getServletContext().setAttribute(Globals.ACTION_SERVLET_KEY, this);
initModuleConfigFactory();

// Initialize modules as needed
ModuleConfig moduleConfig = initModuleConfig("", config);

initModuleMessageResources(moduleConfig);
initModulePlugIns(moduleConfig);
initModuleFormBeans(moduleConfig);
initModuleForwards(moduleConfig);
initModuleExceptionConfigs(moduleConfig);
initModuleActions(moduleConfig);
moduleConfig.freeze();

Enumeration names = getServletConfig().getInitParameterNames();

while (names.hasMoreElements()) {
String name = (String) names.nextElement();

if (!name.startsWith(configPrefix)) {
continue;
}

String prefix = name.substring(configPrefixLength);

moduleConfig =
initModuleConfig(prefix,
getServletConfig().getInitParameter(name));
initModuleMessageResources(moduleConfig);
initModulePlugIns(moduleConfig);
initModuleFormBeans(moduleConfig);
initModuleForwards(moduleConfig);
initModuleExceptionConfigs(moduleConfig);
initModuleActions(moduleConfig);
moduleConfig.freeze();
}

this.initModulePrefixes(this.getServletContext());

this.destroyConfigDigester();
} catch (UnavailableException ex) {
throw ex;
} catch (Throwable t) {
// The follow error message is not retrieved from internal message
// resources as they may not have been able to have been
// initialized
log.error("Unable to initialize Struts ActionServlet due to an "
+ "unexpected exception or error thrown, so marking the "
+ "servlet as unavailable. Most likely, this is due to an "
+ "incorrect or missing library dependency.", t);
throw new UnavailableException(t.getMessage());
}
}

/**
* <p>Saves a String[] of module prefixes in the ServletContext under
* Globals.MODULE_PREFIXES_KEY. <strong>NOTE</strong> - the "" prefix for
* the default module is not included in this list.</p>
*
* @param context The servlet context.
* @since Struts 1.2
*/
protected void initModulePrefixes(ServletContext context) {
ArrayList prefixList = new ArrayList();

Enumeration names = context.getAttributeNames();

while (names.hasMoreElements()) {
String name = (String) names.nextElement();

if (!name.startsWith(Globals.MODULE_KEY)) {
continue;
}

String prefix = name.substring(Globals.MODULE_KEY.length());

if (prefix.length() > 0) {
prefixList.add(prefix);
}
}

String[] prefixes =
(String[]) prefixList.toArray(new String[prefixList.size()]);

context.setAttribute(Globals.MODULE_PREFIXES_KEY, prefixes);
}

/**
* <p>Process an HTTP "GET" request.</p>
*
* @param request The servlet request we are processing
* @param response The servlet response we are creating
* @throws IOException if an input/output error occurs
* @throws ServletException if a servlet exception occurs
*/
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException, ServletException {
process(request, response);
}

/**
* <p>Process an HTTP "POST" request.</p>
*
* @param request The servlet request we are processing
* @param response The servlet response we are creating
* @throws IOException if an input/output error occurs
* @throws ServletException if a servlet exception occurs
*/
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException, ServletException {
process(request, response);
}

// --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods

/**
* <p>Remember a servlet mapping from our web application deployment
* descriptor, if it is for this servlet.</p>
*
* @param servletName The name of the servlet being mapped
* @param urlPattern The URL pattern to which this servlet is mapped
*/
public void addServletMapping(String servletName, String urlPattern) {
if (servletName == null) {
return;
}

if (servletName.equals(this.servletName)) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Process servletName=" + servletName
+ ", urlPattern=" + urlPattern);
}

this.servletMapping = urlPattern;
}
}

/**
* <p>Return the <code>MessageResources</code> instance containing our
* internal message strings.</p>
*
* @return the <code>MessageResources</code> instance containing our
* internal message strings.
* @since Struts 1.1
*/
public MessageResources getInternal() {
return (this.internal);
}

// ------------------------------------------------------ Protected Methods

/**
* <p>Gracefully terminate use of any modules associated with this
* application (if any).</p>
*
* @since Struts 1.1
*/
protected void destroyModules() {
ArrayList values = new ArrayList();
Enumeration names = getServletContext().getAttributeNames();

while (names.hasMoreElements()) {
values.add(names.nextElement());
}

Iterator keys = values.iterator();

while (keys.hasNext()) {
String name = (String) keys.next();
Object value = getServletContext().getAttribute(name);

if (!(value instanceof ModuleConfig)) {
continue;
}

ModuleConfig config = (ModuleConfig) value;

if (this.getProcessorForModule(config) != null) {
this.getProcessorForModule(config).destroy();
}

getServletContext().removeAttribute(name);

PlugIn[] plugIns =
(PlugIn[]) getServletContext().getAttribute(Globals.PLUG_INS_KEY
+ config.getPrefix());

if (plugIns != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < plugIns.length; i++) {
int j = plugIns.length - (i + 1);

plugIns[j].destroy();
}

getServletContext().removeAttribute(Globals.PLUG_INS_KEY
+ config.getPrefix());
}
}
}

/**
* <p>Gracefully release any configDigester instance that we have created.
* </p>
*
* @since Struts 1.1
*/
protected void destroyConfigDigester() {
configDigester = null;
}

/**
* <p>Gracefully terminate use of the internal MessageResources.</p>
*/
protected void destroyInternal() {
internal = null;
}

/**
* <p>Return the module configuration object for the currently selected
* module.</p>
*
* @param request The servlet request we are processing
* @return The module configuration object for the currently selected
* module.
* @since Struts 1.1
*/
protected ModuleConfig getModuleConfig(HttpServletRequest request) {
ModuleConfig config =
(ModuleConfig) request.getAttribute(Globals.MODULE_KEY);

if (config == null) {
config =
(ModuleConfig) getServletContext().getAttribute(Globals.MODULE_KEY);
}

return (config);
}

/**
* <p>Look up and return the {@link RequestProcessor} responsible for the
* specified module, creating a new one if necessary.</p>
*
* @param config The module configuration for which to acquire and return
* a RequestProcessor.
* @return The {@link RequestProcessor} responsible for the specified
* module,
* @throws ServletException If we cannot instantiate a RequestProcessor
* instance a {@link UnavailableException} is
* thrown, meaning your application is not loaded
* and will not be available.
* @since Struts 1.1
*/
protected synchronized RequestProcessor getRequestProcessor(
ModuleConfig config) throws ServletException {
RequestProcessor processor = this.getProcessorForModule(config);

if (processor == null) {
try {
processor =
(RequestProcessor) RequestUtils.applicationInstance(config.getControllerConfig()
.getProcessorClass());
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new UnavailableException(
"Cannot initialize RequestProcessor of class "
+ config.getControllerConfig().getProcessorClass() + ": "
+ e);
}

processor.init(this, config);

String key = Globals.REQUEST_PROCESSOR_KEY + config.getPrefix();

getServletContext().setAttribute(key, processor);
}

return (processor);
}

/**
* <p>Returns the RequestProcessor for the given module or null if one
* does not exist. This method will not create a RequestProcessor.</p>
*
* @param config The ModuleConfig.
* @return The <code>RequestProcessor</code> for the given module, or
* <code>null</code> if one does not exist.
*/
private RequestProcessor getProcessorForModule(ModuleConfig config) {
String key = Globals.REQUEST_PROCESSOR_KEY + config.getPrefix();

return (RequestProcessor) getServletContext().getAttribute(key);
}

/**
* <p>Initialize the factory used to create the module configuration.</p>
*
* @since Struts 1.2
*/
protected void initModuleConfigFactory() {
String configFactory =
getServletConfig().getInitParameter("configFactory");

if (configFactory != null) {
ModuleConfigFactory.setFactoryClass(configFactory);
}
}

/**
* <p>Initialize the module configuration information for the specified
* module.</p>
*
* @param prefix Module prefix for this module
* @param paths Comma-separated list of context-relative resource path(s)
* for this modules's configuration resource(s)
* @return The new module configuration instance.
* @throws ServletException if initialization cannot be performed
* @since Struts 1.1
*/
protected ModuleConfig initModuleConfig(String prefix, String paths)
throws ServletException {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Initializing module path '" + prefix
+ "' configuration from '" + paths + "'");
}

// Parse the configuration for this module
ModuleConfigFactory factoryObject = ModuleConfigFactory.createFactory();
ModuleConfig config = factoryObject.createModuleConfig(prefix);

// Configure the Digester instance we will use
Digester digester = initConfigDigester();

List urls = splitAndResolvePaths(paths);
URL url;

for (Iterator i = urls.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
url = (URL) i.next();
digester.push(config);
this.parseModuleConfigFile(digester, url);
}

getServletContext().setAttribute(Globals.MODULE_KEY
+ config.getPrefix(), config);

return config;
}

/**
* <p>Parses one module config file.</p>
*
* @param digester Digester instance that does the parsing
* @param path The path to the config file to parse.
* @throws UnavailableException if file cannot be read or parsed
* @since Struts 1.2
* @deprecated use parseModuleConfigFile(Digester digester, URL url)
* instead
*/
protected void parseModuleConfigFile(Digester digester, String path)
throws UnavailableException {
try {
List paths = splitAndResolvePaths(path);

if (paths.size() > 0) {
// Get first path as was the old behavior
URL url = (URL) paths.get(0);

parseModuleConfigFile(digester, url);
} else {
throw new UnavailableException("Cannot locate path " + path);
}
} catch (UnavailableException ex) {
throw ex;
} catch (ServletException ex) {
handleConfigException(path, ex);
}
}

/**
* <p>Parses one module config file.</p>
*
* @param digester Digester instance that does the parsing
* @param url The url to the config file to parse.
* @throws UnavailableException if file cannot be read or parsed
* @since Struts 1.3
*/
protected void parseModuleConfigFile(Digester digester, URL url)
throws UnavailableException {

try {
digester.parse(url);
} catch (IOException e) {
handleConfigException(url.toString(), e);
} catch (SAXException e) {
handleConfigException(url.toString(), e);
}
}

/**
* <p>Simplifies exception handling in the parseModuleConfigFile
* method.<p>
*
* @param path The path to which the exception relates.
* @param e The exception to be wrapped and thrown.
* @throws UnavailableException as a wrapper around Exception
*/
private void handleConfigException(String path, Exception e)
throws UnavailableException {
String msg = internal.getMessage("configParse", path);

log.error(msg, e);
throw new UnavailableException(msg);
}

/**
* <p>Handle errors related to creating an instance of the specified
* class.</p>
*
* @param className The className that could not be instantiated.
* @param e The exception that was caught.
* @throws ServletException to communicate the error.
*/
private void handleCreationException(String className, Exception e)
throws ServletException {
String errorMessage =
internal.getMessage("configExtends.creation", className);

log.error(errorMessage, e);
throw new UnavailableException(errorMessage);
}

/**
* <p>General handling for exceptions caught while inheriting config
* information.</p>
*
* @param configType The type of configuration object of configName.
* @param configName The name of the config that could not be extended.
* @param e The exception that was caught.
* @throws ServletException to communicate the error.
*/
private void handleGeneralExtensionException(String configType,
String configName, Exception e)
throws ServletException {
String errorMessage =
internal.getMessage("configExtends", configType, configName);

log.error(errorMessage, e);
throw new UnavailableException(errorMessage);
}

/**
* <p>Handle errors caused by required fields that were not
* specified.</p>
*
* @param field The name of the required field that was not found.
* @param configType The type of configuration object of configName.
* @param configName The name of the config that's missing the required
* value.
* @throws ServletException to communicate the error.
*/
private void handleValueRequiredException(String field, String configType,
String configName) throws ServletException {
String errorMessage =
internal.getMessage("configFieldRequired", field, configType,
configName);

log.error(errorMessage);
throw new UnavailableException(errorMessage);
}

/**
* <p>Initialize the plug ins for the specified module.</p>
*
* @param config ModuleConfig information for this module
* @throws ServletException if initialization cannot be performed
* @since Struts 1.1
*/
protected void initModulePlugIns(ModuleConfig config)
throws ServletException {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Initializing module path '" + config.getPrefix()
+ "' plug ins");
}

PlugInConfig[] plugInConfigs = config.findPlugInConfigs();
PlugIn[] plugIns = new PlugIn[plugInConfigs.length];

getServletContext().setAttribute(Globals.PLUG_INS_KEY
+ config.getPrefix(), plugIns);

for (int i = 0; i < plugIns.length; i++) {
try {
plugIns[i] =
(PlugIn) RequestUtils.applicationInstance(plugInConfigs[i]
.getClassName());
BeanUtils.populate(plugIns[i], plugInConfigs[i].getProperties());

// Pass the current plugIn config object to the PlugIn.
// The property is set only if the plugin declares it.
// This plugin config object is needed by Tiles
try {
PropertyUtils.setProperty(plugIns[i],
"currentPlugInConfigObject", plugInConfigs[i]);
} catch (Exception e) {
;

// FIXME Whenever we fail silently, we must document a valid
// reason for doing so. Why should we fail silently if a
// property can't be set on the plugin?

/**
* Between version 1.138-1.140 cedric made these changes.
* The exceptions are caught to deal with containers
* applying strict security. This was in response to bug
* #15736
*
* Recommend that we make the currentPlugInConfigObject part
* of the PlugIn Interface if we can, Rob
*/
}

plugIns[i].init(this, config);
} catch (ServletException e) {
throw e;
} catch (Exception e) {
String errMsg =
internal.getMessage("plugIn.init",
plugInConfigs[i].getClassName());

log(errMsg, e);
throw new UnavailableException(errMsg);
}
}
}

/**
* <p>Initialize the form beans for the specified module.</p>
*
* @param config ModuleConfig information for this module
* @throws ServletException if initialization cannot be performed
* @since Struts 1.3
*/
protected void initModuleFormBeans(ModuleConfig config)
throws ServletException {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Initializing module path '" + config.getPrefix()
+ "' form beans");
}

// Process form bean extensions.
FormBeanConfig[] formBeans = config.findFormBeanConfigs();

for (int i = 0; i < formBeans.length; i++) {
FormBeanConfig beanConfig = formBeans[i];

processFormBeanExtension(beanConfig, config);
}

for (int i = 0; i < formBeans.length; i++) {
FormBeanConfig formBean = formBeans[i];

// Verify that required fields are all present for the form config
if (formBean.getType() == null) {
handleValueRequiredException("type", formBean.getName(),
"form bean");
}

// ... and the property configs
FormPropertyConfig[] fpcs = formBean.findFormPropertyConfigs();

for (int j = 0; j < fpcs.length; j++) {
FormPropertyConfig property = fpcs[j];

if (property.getType() == null) {
handleValueRequiredException("type", property.getName(),
"form property");
}
}

// Force creation and registration of DynaActionFormClass instances
// for all dynamic form beans
if (formBean.getDynamic()) {
formBean.getDynaActionFormClass();
}
}
}

/**
* <p>Extend the form bean's configuration as necessary.</p>
*
* @param beanConfig the configuration to process.
* @param moduleConfig the module configuration for this module.
* @throws ServletException if initialization cannot be performed.
*/
protected void processFormBeanExtension(FormBeanConfig beanConfig,
ModuleConfig moduleConfig)
throws ServletException {
try {
if (!beanConfig.isExtensionProcessed()) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Processing extensions for '"
+ beanConfig.getName() + "'");
}

beanConfig =
processFormBeanConfigClass(beanConfig, moduleConfig);

beanConfig.processExtends(moduleConfig);
}
} catch (ServletException e) {
throw e;
} catch (Exception e) {
handleGeneralExtensionException("FormBeanConfig",
beanConfig.getName(), e);
}
}

/**
* <p>Checks if the current beanConfig is using the correct class based on
* the class of its ancestor form bean config.</p>
*
* @param beanConfig The form bean to check.
* @param moduleConfig The config for the current module.
* @return The form bean config using the correct class as determined by
* the config's ancestor and its own overridden value.
* @throws UnavailableException if an instance of the form bean config
* class cannot be created.
* @throws ServletException on class creation error
*/
protected FormBeanConfig processFormBeanConfigClass(
FormBeanConfig beanConfig, ModuleConfig moduleConfig)
throws ServletException {
String ancestor = beanConfig.getExtends();

if (ancestor == null) {
// Nothing to do, then
return beanConfig;
}

// Make sure that this bean is of the right class
FormBeanConfig baseConfig = moduleConfig.findFormBeanConfig(ancestor);

if (baseConfig == null) {
throw new UnavailableException("Unable to find " + "form bean '"
+ ancestor + "' to extend.");
}

// Was our bean's class overridden already?
if (beanConfig.getClass().equals(FormBeanConfig.class)) {
// Ensure that our bean is using the correct class
if (!baseConfig.getClass().equals(beanConfig.getClass())) {
// Replace the bean with an instance of the correct class
FormBeanConfig newBeanConfig = null;
String baseConfigClassName = baseConfig.getClass().getName();

try {
newBeanConfig =
(FormBeanConfig) RequestUtils.applicationInstance(baseConfigClassName);

// copy the values
BeanUtils.copyProperties(newBeanConfig, beanConfig);

FormPropertyConfig[] fpc =
beanConfig.findFormPropertyConfigs();

for (int i = 0; i < fpc.length; i++) {
newBeanConfig.addFormPropertyConfig(fpc[i]);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
handleCreationException(baseConfigClassName, e);
}

// replace beanConfig with newBeanConfig
moduleConfig.removeFormBeanConfig(beanConfig);
moduleConfig.addFormBeanConfig(newBeanConfig);
beanConfig = newBeanConfig;
}
}

return beanConfig;
}

/**
* <p>Initialize the forwards for the specified module.</p>
*
* @param config ModuleConfig information for this module
* @throws ServletException if initialization cannot be performed
*/
protected void initModuleForwards(ModuleConfig config)
throws ServletException {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Initializing module path '" + config.getPrefix()
+ "' forwards");
}

// Process forwards extensions.
ForwardConfig[] forwards = config.findForwardConfigs();

for (int i = 0; i < forwards.length; i++) {
ForwardConfig forward = forwards[i];

processForwardExtension(forward, config, null);
}

for (int i = 0; i < forwards.length; i++) {
ForwardConfig forward = forwards[i];

// Verify that required fields are all present for the forward
if (forward.getPath() == null) {
handleValueRequiredException("path", forward.getName(),
"global forward");
}
}
}

/**
* <p>Extend the forward's configuration as necessary. If actionConfig is
* provided, then this method will process the forwardConfig as part
* of that actionConfig. If actionConfig is null, the forwardConfig
* will be processed as a global forward.</p>
*
* @param forwardConfig the configuration to process.
* @param moduleConfig the module configuration for this module.
* @param actionConfig If applicable, the config for the current action.
* @throws ServletException if initialization cannot be performed.
*/
protected void processForwardExtension(ForwardConfig forwardConfig,
ModuleConfig moduleConfig, ActionConfig actionConfig)
throws ServletException {
try {
if (!forwardConfig.isExtensionProcessed()) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Processing extensions for '"
+ forwardConfig.getName() + "'");
}

forwardConfig =
processForwardConfigClass(forwardConfig, moduleConfig,
actionConfig);

forwardConfig.processExtends(moduleConfig, actionConfig);
}
} catch (ServletException e) {
throw e;
} catch (Exception e) {
handleGeneralExtensionException("Forward", forwardConfig.getName(),
e);
}
}

/**
* <p>Checks if the current forwardConfig is using the correct class based
* on the class of its configuration ancestor. If actionConfig is
* provided, then this method will process the forwardConfig as part
* of that actionConfig. If actionConfig is null, the forwardConfig
* will be processed as a global forward.</p>
*
* @param forwardConfig The forward to check.
* @param moduleConfig The config for the current module.
* @param actionConfig If applicable, the config for the current action.
* @return The forward config using the correct class as determined by the
* config's ancestor and its own overridden value.
* @throws UnavailableException if an instance of the forward config class
* cannot be created.
* @throws ServletException on class creation error
*/
protected ForwardConfig processForwardConfigClass(
ForwardConfig forwardConfig, ModuleConfig moduleConfig,
ActionConfig actionConfig)
throws ServletException {
String ancestor = forwardConfig.getExtends();

if (ancestor == null) {
// Nothing to do, then
return forwardConfig;
}

// Make sure that this config is of the right class
ForwardConfig baseConfig = null;
if (actionConfig != null) {
// Look for this in the actionConfig
baseConfig = actionConfig.findForwardConfig(ancestor);
}

if (baseConfig == null) {
// Either this is a forwardConfig that inherits a global config,
// or actionConfig is null
baseConfig = moduleConfig.findForwardConfig(ancestor);
}

if (baseConfig == null) {
throw new UnavailableException("Unable to find " + "forward '"
+ ancestor + "' to extend.");
}

// Was our forwards's class overridden already?
if (forwardConfig.getClass().equals(ActionForward.class)) {
// Ensure that our forward is using the correct class
if (!baseConfig.getClass().equals(forwardConfig.getClass())) {
// Replace the config with an instance of the correct class
ForwardConfig newForwardConfig = null;
String baseConfigClassName = baseConfig.getClass().getName();

try {
newForwardConfig =
(ForwardConfig) RequestUtils.applicationInstance(
baseConfigClassName);

// copy the values
BeanUtils.copyProperties(newForwardConfig, forwardConfig);
} catch (Exception e) {
handleCreationException(baseConfigClassName, e);
}

// replace forwardConfig with newForwardConfig
if (actionConfig != null) {
actionConfig.removeForwardConfig(forwardConfig);
actionConfig.addForwardConfig(newForwardConfig);
} else {
// this is a global forward
moduleConfig.removeForwardConfig(forwardConfig);
moduleConfig.addForwardConfig(newForwardConfig);
}
forwardConfig = newForwardConfig;
}
}

return forwardConfig;
}

/**
* <p>Initialize the exception handlers for the specified module.</p>
*
* @param config ModuleConfig information for this module
* @throws ServletException if initialization cannot be performed
* @since Struts 1.3
*/
protected void initModuleExceptionConfigs(ModuleConfig config)
throws ServletException {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Initializing module path '" + config.getPrefix()
+ "' forwards");
}

// Process exception config extensions.
ExceptionConfig[] exceptions = config.findExceptionConfigs();

for (int i = 0; i < exceptions.length; i++) {
ExceptionConfig exception = exceptions[i];

processExceptionExtension(exception, config, null);
}

for (int i = 0; i < exceptions.length; i++) {
ExceptionConfig exception = exceptions[i];

// Verify that required fields are all present for the config
if (exception.getKey() == null) {
handleValueRequiredException("key", exception.getType(),
"global exception config");
}
}
}

/**
* <p>Extend the exception's configuration as necessary. If actionConfig is
* provided, then this method will process the exceptionConfig as part
* of that actionConfig. If actionConfig is null, the exceptionConfig
* will be processed as a global forward.</p>
*
* @param exceptionConfig the configuration to process.
* @param moduleConfig the module configuration for this module.
* @param actionConfig If applicable, the config for the current action.
* @throws ServletException if initialization cannot be performed.
*/
protected void processExceptionExtension(ExceptionConfig exceptionConfig,
ModuleConfig moduleConfig, ActionConfig actionConfig)
throws ServletException {
try {
if (!exceptionConfig.isExtensionProcessed()) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Processing extensions for '"
+ exceptionConfig.getType() + "'");
}

exceptionConfig =
processExceptionConfigClass(exceptionConfig, moduleConfig,
actionConfig);

exceptionConfig.processExtends(moduleConfig, actionConfig);
}
} catch (ServletException e) {
throw e;
} catch (Exception e) {
handleGeneralExtensionException("Exception",
exceptionConfig.getType(), e);
}
}

/**
* <p>Checks if the current exceptionConfig is using the correct class
* based on the class of its configuration ancestor. If actionConfig is
* provided, then this method will process the exceptionConfig as part
* of that actionConfig. If actionConfig is null, the exceptionConfig
* will be processed as a global forward.</p>
*
* @param exceptionConfig The config to check.
* @param moduleConfig The config for the current module.
* @param actionConfig If applicable, the config for the current action.
* @return The exception config using the correct class as determined by
* the config's ancestor and its own overridden value.
* @throws ServletException if an instance of the exception config class
* cannot be created.
*/
protected ExceptionConfig processExceptionConfigClass(
ExceptionConfig exceptionConfig, ModuleConfig moduleConfig,
ActionConfig actionConfig)
throws ServletException {
String ancestor = exceptionConfig.getExtends();

if (ancestor == null) {
// Nothing to do, then
return exceptionConfig;
}

// Make sure that this config is of the right class
ExceptionConfig baseConfig = null;
if (actionConfig != null) {
baseConfig = actionConfig.findExceptionConfig(ancestor);
}

if (baseConfig == null) {
// This means either there's no actionConfig anyway, or the
// ancestor is not defined within the action.
baseConfig = moduleConfig.findExceptionConfig(ancestor);
}

if (baseConfig == null) {
throw new UnavailableException("Unable to find "
+ "exception config '" + ancestor + "' to extend.");
}

// Was our config's class overridden already?
if (exceptionConfig.getClass().equals(ExceptionConfig.class)) {
// Ensure that our config is using the correct class
if (!baseConfig.getClass().equals(exceptionConfig.getClass())) {
// Replace the config with an instance of the correct class
ExceptionConfig newExceptionConfig = null;
String baseConfigClassName = baseConfig.getClass().getName();

try {
newExceptionConfig =
(ExceptionConfig) RequestUtils.applicationInstance(
baseConfigClassName);

// copy the values
BeanUtils.copyProperties(newExceptionConfig,
exceptionConfig);
} catch (Exception e) {
handleCreationException(baseConfigClassName, e);
}

// replace exceptionConfig with newExceptionConfig
if (actionConfig != null) {
actionConfig.removeExceptionConfig(exceptionConfig);
actionConfig.addExceptionConfig(newExceptionConfig);
} else {
moduleConfig.removeExceptionConfig(exceptionConfig);
moduleConfig.addExceptionConfig(newExceptionConfig);
}
exceptionConfig = newExceptionConfig;
}
}

return exceptionConfig;
}

/**
* <p>Initialize the action configs for the specified module.</p>
*
* @param config ModuleConfig information for this module
* @throws ServletException if initialization cannot be performed
* @since Struts 1.3
*/
protected void initModuleActions(ModuleConfig config)
throws ServletException {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Initializing module path '" + config.getPrefix()
+ "' action configs");
}

// Process ActionConfig extensions.
ActionConfig[] actionConfigs = config.findActionConfigs();

for (int i = 0; i < actionConfigs.length; i++) {
ActionConfig actionConfig = actionConfigs[i];

processActionConfigExtension(actionConfig, config);
}

for (int i = 0; i < actionConfigs.length; i++) {
ActionConfig actionConfig = actionConfigs[i];

// Verify that required fields are all present for the forward
// configs
ForwardConfig[] forwards = actionConfig.findForwardConfigs();

for (int j = 0; j < forwards.length; j++) {
ForwardConfig forward = forwards[j];

if (forward.getPath() == null) {
handleValueRequiredException("path", forward.getName(),
"action forward");
}
}

// ... and the exception configs
ExceptionConfig[] exceptions = actionConfig.findExceptionConfigs();

for (int j = 0; j < exceptions.length; j++) {
ExceptionConfig exception = exceptions[j];

if (exception.getKey() == null) {
handleValueRequiredException("key", exception.getType(),
"action exception config");
}
}
}
}

/**
* <p>Extend the action's configuration as necessary.</p>
*
* @param actionConfig the configuration to process.
* @param moduleConfig the module configuration for this module.
* @throws ServletException if initialization cannot be performed.
*/
protected void processActionConfigExtension(ActionConfig actionConfig,
ModuleConfig moduleConfig)
throws ServletException {
try {
if (!actionConfig.isExtensionProcessed()) {
if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Processing extensions for '"
+ actionConfig.getPath() + "'");
}

actionConfig =
processActionConfigClass(actionConfig, moduleConfig);

actionConfig.processExtends(moduleConfig);
}

// Process forwards extensions.
ForwardConfig[] forwards = actionConfig.findForwardConfigs();
for (int i = 0; i < forwards.length; i++) {
ForwardConfig forward = forwards[i];
processForwardExtension(forward, moduleConfig, actionConfig);
}

// Process exception extensions.
ExceptionConfig[] exceptions = actionConfig.findExceptionConfigs();
for (int i = 0; i < exceptions.length; i++) {
ExceptionConfig exception = exceptions[i];
processExceptionExtension(exception, moduleConfig,
actionConfig);
}
} catch (ServletException e) {
throw e;
} catch (Exception e) {
handleGeneralExtensionException("Action", actionConfig.getPath(), e);
}
}

/**
* <p>Checks if the current actionConfig is using the correct class based
* on the class of its ancestor ActionConfig.</p>
*
* @param actionConfig The action config to check.
* @param moduleConfig The config for the current module.
* @return The config object using the correct class as determined by the
* config's ancestor and its own overridden value.
* @throws ServletException if an instance of the action config class
* cannot be created.
*/
protected ActionConfig processActionConfigClass(ActionConfig actionConfig,
ModuleConfig moduleConfig)
throws ServletException {
String ancestor = actionConfig.getExtends();

if (ancestor == null) {
// Nothing to do, then
return actionConfig;
}

// Make sure that this config is of the right class
ActionConfig baseConfig = moduleConfig.findActionConfig(ancestor);

if (baseConfig == null) {
throw new UnavailableException("Unable to find "
+ "action config for '" + ancestor + "' to extend.");
}

// Was our actionConfig's class overridden already?
if (actionConfig.getClass().equals(ActionMapping.class)) {
// Ensure that our config is using the correct class
if (!baseConfig.getClass().equals(actionConfig.getClass())) {
// Replace the config with an instance of the correct class
ActionConfig newActionConfig = null;
String baseConfigClassName = baseConfig.getClass().getName();

try {
newActionConfig =
(ActionConfig) RequestUtils.applicationInstance(baseConfigClassName);

// copy the values
BeanUtils.copyProperties(newActionConfig, actionConfig);

// copy the forward and exception configs, too
ForwardConfig[] forwards =
actionConfig.findForwardConfigs();

for (int i = 0; i < forwards.length; i++) {
newActionConfig.addForwardConfig(forwards[i]);
}

ExceptionConfig[] exceptions =
actionConfig.findExceptionConfigs();

for (int i = 0; i < exceptions.length; i++) {
newActionConfig.addExceptionConfig(exceptions[i]);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
handleCreationException(baseConfigClassName, e);
}

// replace actionConfig with newActionConfig
moduleConfig.removeActionConfig(actionConfig);
moduleConfig.addActionConfig(newActionConfig);
actionConfig = newActionConfig;
}
}

return actionConfig;
}

/**
* <p>Initialize the application <code>MessageResources</code> for the
* specified module.</p>
*
* @param config ModuleConfig information for this module
* @throws ServletException if initialization cannot be performed
* @since Struts 1.1
*/
protected void initModuleMessageResources(ModuleConfig config)
throws ServletException {
MessageResourcesConfig[] mrcs = config.findMessageResourcesConfigs();

for (int i = 0; i < mrcs.length; i++) {
if ((mrcs[i].getFactory() == null)
|| (mrcs[i].getParameter() == null)) {
continue;
}

if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Initializing module path '" + config.getPrefix()
+ "' message resources from '" + mrcs[i].getParameter()
+ "'");
}

String factory = mrcs[i].getFactory();

MessageResourcesFactory.setFactoryClass(factory);

MessageResourcesFactory factoryObject =
MessageResourcesFactory.createFactory();

factoryObject.setConfig(mrcs[i]);

MessageResources resources =
factoryObject.createResources(mrcs[i].getParameter());

resources.setReturnNull(mrcs[i].getNull());
resources.setEscape(mrcs[i].isEscape());
getServletContext().setAttribute(mrcs[i].getKey()
+ config.getPrefix(), resources);
}
}

/**
* <p>Create (if needed) and return a new <code>Digester</code> instance
* that has been initialized to process Struts module configuration files
* and configure a corresponding <code>ModuleConfig</code> object (which
* must be pushed on to the evaluation stack before parsing begins).</p>
*
* @return A new configured <code>Digester</code> instance.
* @throws ServletException if a Digester cannot be configured
* @since Struts 1.1
*/
protected Digester initConfigDigester()
throws ServletException {
// :FIXME: Where can ServletException be thrown?
// Do we have an existing instance?
if (configDigester != null) {
return (configDigester);
}

// Create a new Digester instance with standard capabilities
configDigester = new Digester();
configDigester.setNamespaceAware(true);
configDigester.setValidating(this.isValidating());
configDigester.setUseContextClassLoader(true);
configDigester.addRuleSet(new ConfigRuleSet());

for (int i = 0; i < registrations.length; i += 2) {
URL url = this.getClass().getResource(registrations[i + 1]);

if (url != null) {
configDigester.register(registrations[i], url.toString());
}
}

this.addRuleSets();

// Return the completely configured Digester instance
return (configDigester);
}

/**
* <p>Add any custom RuleSet instances to configDigester that have been
* specified in the <code>rulesets</code> init parameter.</p>
*
* @throws ServletException if an error occurs
*/
private void addRuleSets()
throws ServletException {
String rulesets = getServletConfig().getInitParameter("rulesets");

if (rulesets == null) {
rulesets = "";
}

rulesets = rulesets.trim();

String ruleset;

while (rulesets.length() > 0) {
int comma = rulesets.indexOf(",");

if (comma < 0) {
ruleset = rulesets.trim();
rulesets = "";
} else {
ruleset = rulesets.substring(0, comma).trim();
rulesets = rulesets.substring(comma + 1).trim();
}

if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
log.debug("Configuring custom Digester Ruleset of type "
+ ruleset);
}

try {
RuleSet instance =
(RuleSet) RequestUtils.applicationInstance(ruleset);

this.configDigester.addRuleSet(instance);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("Exception configuring custom Digester RuleSet", e);
throw new ServletException(e);
}
}
}

/**
* <p>Check the status of the <code>validating</code> initialization
* parameter.</p>
*
* @return true if the module Digester should validate.
*/
private boolean isValidating() {
boolean validating = true;
String value = getServletConfig().getInitParameter("validating");

if ("false".equalsIgnoreCase(value) || "no".equalsIgnoreCase(value)
|| "n".equalsIgnoreCase(value) || "0".equalsIgnoreCase(value)) {
validating = false;
}

return validating;
}

/**
* <p>Initialize our internal MessageResources bundle.</p>
*
* @throws ServletException if we cannot initialize these resources
* @throws UnavailableException if we cannot load resources
*/
protected void initInternal()
throws ServletException {
try {
internal = MessageResources.getMessageResources(internalName);
} catch (MissingResourceException e) {
log.error("Cannot load internal resources from '" + internalName
+ "'", e);
throw new UnavailableException(
"Cannot load internal resources from '" + internalName + "'");
}
}

/**
* <p>Parse the configuration documents specified by the
* <code>chainConfig</code> init-param to configure the default {@link
* org.apache.commons.chain.Catalog} that is registered in the {@link
* CatalogFactory} instance for this application.</p>
*
* @throws ServletException if an error occurs.
*/
protected void initChain()
throws ServletException {
// Parse the configuration file specified by path or resource
try {
String value;

value = getServletConfig().getInitParameter("chainConfig");

if (value != null) {
chainConfig = value;
}

ConfigParser parser = new ConfigParser();
List urls = splitAndResolvePaths(chainConfig);
URL resource;

for (Iterator i = urls.iterator(); i.hasNext();) {
resource = (URL) i.next();
log.info("Loading chain catalog from " + resource);
parser.parse(resource);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("Exception loading resources", e);
throw new ServletException(e);
}
}

/**
* <p>Initialize other global characteristics of the controller
* servlet.</p>
*
* @throws ServletException if we cannot initialize these resources
*/
protected void initOther()
throws ServletException {
String value;

value = getServletConfig().getInitParameter("config");

if (value != null) {
config = value;
}

// Backwards compatibility for form beans of Java wrapper classes
// Set to true for strict Struts 1.0 compatibility
value = getServletConfig().getInitParameter("convertNull");

if ("true".equalsIgnoreCase(value) || "yes".equalsIgnoreCase(value)
|| "on".equalsIgnoreCase(value) || "y".equalsIgnoreCase(value)
|| "1".equalsIgnoreCase(value)) {
convertNull = true;
}

if (convertNull) {
ConvertUtils.deregister();
ConvertUtils.register(new BigDecimalConverter(null),
BigDecimal.class);
ConvertUtils.register(new BigIntegerConverter(null),
BigInteger.class);
ConvertUtils.register(new BooleanConverter(null), Boolean.class);
ConvertUtils.register(new ByteConverter(null), Byte.class);
ConvertUtils.register(new CharacterConverter(null), Character.class);
ConvertUtils.register(new DoubleConverter(null), Double.class);
ConvertUtils.register(new FloatConverter(null), Float.class);
ConvertUtils.register(new IntegerConverter(null), Integer.class);
ConvertUtils.register(new LongConverter(null), Long.class);
ConvertUtils.register(new ShortConverter(null), Short.class);
}
}

/**
* <p>Initialize the servlet mapping under whi