Octave_Matlab_Matrix.html#Matrix_Transpose

在这篇文章中，我会为Matlab和Octave提供一个简单的参考。Octave是一个设计为提供类似于Matlab的免费工具的GNU程序。我认为Octave和Matlab之间可能没有100%的兼容性，但我注意到大多数基本命令是兼容的。我会尝试列出那些可以在Matlab和Octave中通用的命令。这里列出的所有示例代码都是我用Octave尝试的，而不是Matlab。

虽然有很多功能在这里没有解释，但我会尝试列出那些在大多数你可以找到的Matlab样本脚本中最常用的函数。我的目的是为您提供一组基本命令和示例，这样您就可以至少阅读从这里和互联网上获得的大多数样本脚本（例如，互联网），而不会让您感到压倒性。如果您熟悉这些最小功能集，您将对工具有一定的了解，然后您将理解Mathworks或GNU Octave的官方文档，该文档解释了所有函数，但没有太多示例。

我还没有完成“我认为是最小集合”的东西，我希望我能在几周内完成。请保持关注！

矩阵（二维或更高维度数组）

创建矩阵
通用形式
单位矩阵 - eye()
M x N零矩阵 - zeros()
M x N全一矩阵 - ones()
数学运算
加法
减法
逐元素乘法 - element by element
内积乘法 - inner Product
幂 - element by element
幂 - matrix
除法
转置
行列式
逆矩阵
索引元素（引用元素）
matrixname(rowindex,colindex)
matrixname(:,colindex)
matrixname(rowindex,:)
矩阵特定操作
特征值和特征向量
分解
LU分解
重新排列元素
circshift()
resize()

Method 1 :  m = [ value value value ; value value value ;  ...]

 

Ex)

Input

 m = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9]

Output

 m =

   1   2   3

   4   5   6

   7   8   9

 

 

Method 2 :  m = [ vector ; vector ;  ...]

 

Ex)

Input

v1 = [1 2 3];

v2 = [4 5 6];

v3 = [7,8,9];

m = [v1; v2; v3]

Output

 m =

   1   2   3

   4   5   6

   7   8   9

 

 

< Creating an Identity Matrix >

 

Method 1 :  m = eye(M) // M x M identity matrix

 

Ex)

Input

 m = one(3)

Output

 m =

   1   0   0

   0   1   0

   0   0   1

 

 

< Creating M x N Zero Matrix >

 

Method 1 :  m = zeros(M,N)

 

Ex)

Input

 m = zeros(4,2)

Output

 m =

   0   0

   0   0

   0   0

   0   0

 

 

Method 2 :  m = zeros(M) // M x M square matrix

 

Ex)

Input

 m = zeros(3)

Output

 m =

   0   0   0

   0   0   0

   0   0   0

 

 

< Creating a M x N one matrix >

 

Method 1 :  m = ones(M,N)

 

Ex)

Input

 m = ones(4,2)

Output

 m =

   1   1

   1   1

   1   1

   1   1

 

 

Method 2 :  m = ones(M) // M x M square matrix

 

Ex)

Input

 m = one(3)

Output

 m =

   1   1   1

   1   1   1

   1   1   1

 

 

< Mathematical Operation >

 

Case 1 : m = matrix1 + matrix 2;

 

Ex)

Input

m1 = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9];

m2 = [9 8 7; 6 5 4; 3 2 1];

m = m1 + m2

Output

 m =

   10   10   10

   10   10   10

   10   10   10

 

 

Case 2 : m = matrix1 .* matrix 2; // element by element multiplication

 

Ex)

Input

m1 = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9];

m2 = [9 8 7; 6 5 4; 3 2 1];

m = m1 .* m2

Output

 m =

    9   16   21

   24   25   24

   21   16    9

 

 

Case 3 : m = matrix1 * matrix 2; // Inner Product

 

Ex)

Input

m1 = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9];

m2 = [9 8 7; 6 5 4; 3 2 1];

m = m1 * m2

Output

 m =

    30    24    18

    84    69    54

   138   114    90

 

 

Case 4 : m = matrix1 .^ n; // power of n for each element

 

Ex)

Input

m1 = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9];

m2 = [9 8 7; 6 5 4; 3 2 1];

m = m1 .^ 2;

Output

 m =

    1    4    9

   16   25   36

   49   64   81

 

 

Case 5 : m = matrix1 ^ n; // matrix power

 

Ex)

Input

m1 = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9];

m2 = [9 8 7; 6 5 4; 3 2 1];

m = m1 ^ 2;

Output

 m =

    30    36    42

    66    81    96

   102   126   150

 

 

Case 6 : tm = m'; // transpose matrix

 

Ex)

Input

m = [1 2 3; 6 5 4; 7 3 9];

tm=m'

Output

 tm =

     1   6   7

     2   5   3

     3   4   9

 

 

Case 7 : im = inv(m); // take the inverse matrix

 

Ex)

Input

m = [1 2 3; 6 5 4; 7 3 9];

im=inv(m)

Output

im = 

  -0.47143   0.12857   0.10000

   0.37143   0.17143  -0.20000

   0.24286  -0.15714   0.10000

 

 

Case 8 : im = det(m); // take the determinant of the matrix

 

Ex)

Input

m = [1 2 3; 6 5 4; 7 3 9];

dm=det(m)

Output

dm = 

  -70

 

 

< Indexing the elements - matrixname(rowindex,colindex) >

 

Ex)

Input

m = [1 2 3 4;5 6 7 8;9 10 11 12];

m(1,2)

Output

ans = 2

 

Ex)

Input

m = [1 2 3 4;5 6 7 8;9 10 11 12];

m(1,2) = 0

Output

m =

    1    0    3    4

    5    6    7    8

    9    10   11   12

 

 

< Indexing the elements - matrixname(:,colindex) >

 

Ex)

Input

m = [1 2 3 4;5 6 7 8;9 10 11 12];

m(:,2)

Output

ans =

2

6

10

 

Ex)

Input

m = [1 2 3 4;5 6 7 8;9 10 11 12];

m(:,2) = 0

Output

m =

    1    0    3    4

    5    0    7    8

    9    0   11   12

 

Ex)

Input

m = [1 2 3 4;5 6 7 8;9 10 11 12];

m(:,2) = [15;16;17]

Output

m =

    1    15    3    4

    5    16    7    8

    9    17   11   12

 

Ex)

Input

m = [1 2 3 4;5 6 7 8;9 10 11 12];

m(:,2) = [15 16 17]'

Output

m =

    1    15    3    4

    5    16    7    8

    9    17   11   12

 

Ex)

Input

m = [1 2 3 4;5 6 7 8;9 10 11 12];

m(:,2) = [15 16 17].'

Output

m =

    1    15    3    4

    5    16    7    8

    9    17   11   12

 

 

< Indexing the elements - matrixname(rowindex,:) >

 

Ex)

Input

m = [1 2 3 4;5 6 7 8;9 10 11 12];

m(2,:)

Output

ans =

5 6 7 8

 

Ex)

Input

m = [1 2 3 4;5 6 7 8;9 10 11 12];

m(2,:) = 0

Output

m =

    1    2    3    4

    0    0    0    0

    9   10   11   12

 

Ex)

Input

m = [1 2 3 4;5 6 7 8;9 10 11 12];

m(2,:) = [15 16 17 18]

Output

m =

    1    2    3    4

   15   16   17   18

    9   10   11   12

 

 

 

< Matrix Operators >

 

Case 1 : Eigenvalue and Eigenvector

 

Ex)

Input

A = [1.01 0;0 0.9];

[v,d]=eig(A)

Output

v =

 

   0   1

   1   0

 

d =

 

Diagonal Matrix

 

   0.90000         0

         0   1.01000

Input

A*v

Output

ans =

 

   0.00000   1.01000

   0.90000   0.00000

Input

v*d

Output

ans =

 

   0.00000   1.01000

   0.90000   0.00000

 

 

< Decomposition - LU Decomposition >

 

Ex)

Input

m = [1 2 3 4;5 6 7 8;9 10 11 12;13 14 15 16]

Output


m = 

    1    2    3    4

    5    6    7    8

    9   10   11   12

   13   14   15   16

Input

[L,U] = lu(m)

Output

L = 

   0.07692   1.00000   0.00000   0.00000

   0.38462   0.66667  -0.63988   1.00000

   0.69231   0.33333   1.00000   0.00000

   1.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000

 

U = 

   13.00000   14.00000   15.00000   16.00000

    0.00000    0.92308    1.84615    2.76923

    0.00000    0.00000   -0.00000   -0.00000

    0.00000    0.00000    0.00000    0.00000

Input

L * U
Output

ans = 

    1    2    3    4

    5    6    7    8

    9   10   11   12

   13   14   15   16

 

 

< Rearranging Elements - circshift() >

 

Case 1 : m = circshift(m1,N) // Where N is a positive Number. This shift rows

 

Ex)

Input

m1 = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9];

m = circshift(m1,1)

Output

 m =

    7   8   9

    1   2   3

    4   5   6

 

 

Case 2 : m = circshift(m1,N) // Where N is a Negative Number. This shift rows

 

Ex)

Input

m1 = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9];

m = circshift(m1,-1)

Output

 m =

   4   5   6

   7   8   9

   1   2   3

 

 

Case 3 : m = circshift(m1,[0 N]) // Where N is a Positive Number. This shift cols

 

Ex)

Input

m1 = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9];

m = circshift(m1,[0 1])

Output

 m =

   3   1   2

   6   4   5

   9   7   8

 

 

Case 3 : m = circshift(m1,[0 N]) // Where N is a Negative Number. This shift cols

 

Ex)

Input

m1 = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9];

m = circshift(m1,[0 1])

Output

 m =

   2   3   1

   5   6   4

   8   9   7

 

 

< Rearranging Eelemetns - resize() >

 

Case 1 : m = resize(m1,M,N,..)

// Resize Matrix m1 to be an M x N x .. matrix, where M, N is smaller than the original matrix

 

Ex)

Input

m1 = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9];

m = resize(m1,3,2)

Output

 m =

   1   2

   4   5

   7   8

 

 

Case 2 : m = resize(m1,M,N,..)

// Resize Matrix m1 to be an M x N x .. matrix, where M or N is smaller than the original matrix

 

Ex)

Input

m1 = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9];

m = resize(m1,4,5)

Output

 m =

   1   2   3   0   0

   4   5   6   0   0

   7   8   9   0   0

   0   0   0   0   0

 

 

Case 3 : m = resize(m1,M) // Resize Matrix m1 to be an M x M  matrix

 

Ex)

Input

m1 = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 9];

m = resize(m1,2)

Output

 m =

   1   2   

   4   5