#include <iostream.h>
class human
{
public:
human(){ human_num++;};
static int human_num;
~human(){
human_num--;
print();
}
void print()
{
cout<<"human num is: "<<human_num<<endl;
}
protected:
private:
};
int human::human_num = 0;
human f1(human x)
{
x.print();
return x;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
human h1;
h1.print();
human h2 = f1(h1);
h2.print();
return 0;
}
输出:
1
1
0
0
-1
-2
----------------------------
分析:
human h1; //调用构造函数,---hum_num = 1;
h1.print(); //输出:"human is 1"
human h2 = f1(h1);
//再调用f1(h1)的过程中,由于函数参数是按值传递对象,调用默认的复制构造函数,它并没有对hum_num++,所以hum_num 仍= 1,所以x.print()输出:"human is 1"; 在推出f1函数时,要销毁X,调用析构函数(human_num--),输出:"human is 0"(,由于该函数返回一个human 对象,所以又调用默认构造函数,创建一个临时对象(human_num = 0;),把临时对象赋给h2,又调用默认构造函数( human_num = 0);
h2.print(); //输出: human is 0;
//在退出main()函数是,先销毁h2,调用析构函数(human_num--),输出 "human_num is -1"
然后销毁h1,调用析构函数(--),输出"human_num is -2"