Python编程经验和技巧

1. 条件判断

condition=True
if condition:
    x=1
else:
    x=2
print (x)

改成

x=1 if condition else 2
print (x)

2.文件的关闭

f=open('log.txt','r')
file_contents=f.read()
f.close()

words=file_contents.split(' ')
word_count=len(words)
print (word_count)

用with来处理更简便

with open('log.txt','r') as f:
file_contents=f.read()
words=file_contents.split(' ')
word_count=len(words)
print (word_count)

3.优雅的用下标

names=['Corey','Chris','Dave','Apple']
index=0
for name in names:
    print (index,name)
index+=1

使用enumerate来计算下标

names=['Corey','Chris','Dave','Apple']
for index,name in enumerate(names):
    print (index,name)

4.遍历多个序列

names=['Leo','Lili','Sam','Tom']
ages=[30,20,28,25]
for index,name in enumerate(names):
    age=ages[index]
    print (f'{name} is {age} old')

太麻烦了，用zip更方便

for name ,age in zip(names,ages):
    print (f'{name} is {age} old')

有的同学说如果我有3个序列呢，怎么办，一样可以操作

names=['Leo','Lili','Sam','Tom']
ages=[30,20,28,25]
habits=['Movies','Dance','Reading','Singing']
for name ,age,habit in zip(names,ages,habits):
    print (f'{name} is {age} old and like {habit}')

5.巧妙的使用单下划线

a,_,b=(1,2,3)
print (a)
print (b)
>>
1
3

如果有一个很长的序列的时候，我们想取头和尾怎么办呢，传统的做法是:

nums=(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)
head=nums[0]
tail=nums[-1]
print (head)
print (tail)

如果能巧妙的利用unpack方法，就会很简便:

nums=(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)
head,*_,tail=nums
print (head)
print (tail)

6.类的属性封装

class Person():
    pass
person=Person()

如果你有一个字典需要来初始化这个类
person_info={'first':'leo','last':'sam'}
你希望最后能print (person.first),怎么办？有没有什么巧妙的方法处理？

用setattr函数

for k,v in person_info.items():
    setattr(person,k,v)

还有getattr(),可以方便的获取类的属性
 

for k in person_info.keys():
    print (getattr(person,k))

7.输入加密的密码
 

username=input('Username: ')
passwd=input('Passwd:')
print ('Logging In...')
>>
Username: user
Passwd:admin
Logging In...

密码是显示出来的，这样肯定不太好，有没有其他优雅的方法的，用Python自带的函数getpass
 

from getpass import getpass
username=input('Username: ')
passwd=getpass('Passwd:')
print ('Logging In...')
>>
Username: aa
Passwd: