知其所以然，C++系列3 - C++11中主要类的大小

目录

1. 问题：

2. 代码：

3. 结论：

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1. 问题：

C++11编程中平时我们极高频率用到的类，比如string/iterator等等，总是复制来复制去，那复制一次内存开销增加多少哪？这和performance是极其相关的。

这是一个轻松的话题，做一下sizeof 即可（不考虑堆上的消耗，比如string背后存字符串的开销），上篇《C++对象模型再探》最后也提出了一个sizeof的问题，本篇继续sizeof。

2. 代码：

#include<iostream>
#include<iterator>
#include<memory>
#include<vector>
using namespace std;

int main(){
    cout<<"sizeof(string):"<<sizeof(string)<<endl;

    cout<<"sizeof(vector<int>):"<<sizeof(vector<int>)<<endl;
    cout<<"sizeof(vector<double>):"<<sizeof(vector<double>)<<endl;
    vector<int> vi{1,2,3,4,5};
    cout<<"sizeof(vector<int>{1,2,3,4,5}):"<<sizeof(vi)<<endl;


    cout<<"sizeof(iterator->int):"<<sizeof(vector<int>::iterator)<<endl;
    cout<<"sizeof(iterator->double):"<<sizeof(vector<double>::iterator)<<endl;
    cout<<"sizeof(iterator->string:"<<sizeof(vector<string>::iterator)<<endl;

    cout<<"sizeof(pair<int,int>):"<<sizeof(pair<int,int>)<<endl;
    cout<<"sizeof(pair<double,double>):"<<sizeof(pair<double,double>)<<endl;

    cout<<"sizeof(shared_ptr<int>):"<<sizeof(shared_ptr<int>)<<endl;
    cout<<"sizeof(shared_ptr<string>):"<<sizeof(shared_ptr<string>)<<endl;
    cout<<"sizeof(shared_ptr<pair<double,double>):"<<sizeof(shared_ptr<pair<double,double>>)<<endl;

    cout<<"sizeof(unique_ptr<int>):"<<sizeof(unique_ptr<int>)<<endl;
    cout<<"sizeof(unique_ptr<string>):"<<sizeof(unique_ptr<string>)<<endl;
    cout<<"sizeof(unique_ptr<pair<double,double>):"<<sizeof(unique_ptr<pair<double,double>>)<<endl;

    cout<<"sizeof(weak_ptr<int>):"<<sizeof(weak_ptr<int>)<<endl;
    cout<<"sizeof(weak_ptr<string>):"<<sizeof(weak_ptr<string>)<<endl;
    cout<<"sizeof(weak_ptr<pair<double,double>):"<<sizeof(weak_ptr<pair<double,double>>)<<endl;

    auto f1 = std::function<void(int)>();
    auto f2 = std::function<double(double,double,double,double,double)>();
    cout<<"sizeof(std::function):"<<sizeof(f1)<<endl;//32
    cout<<"sizeof(std::function):"<<sizeof(f2)<<endl;//32


    auto sum1=[](double& d1,double d2,double d3,double d4)->double{return d1+d2+d3+d4;};
    cout<<"sizeof(lamdba):"<<sizeof(sum1)<<endl; //no-member class, sizeof:1
    int init=10;
    auto sum2=[init](double& d1,double d2,double d3,double d4)->double{return d1+d2+d3+d4+init;};
    cout<<"sizeof(lamdba):"<<sizeof(sum2)<<endl; //has a member: the copy of init, sizeof=4
    auto sum3=[&init](double& d1,double d2,double d3,double d4)->double{return d1+d2+d3+d4+init;};
    cout<<"sizeof(lamdba):"<<sizeof(sum3)<<endl; //has a member: the pointer to init, sizeof=8


}

3. 结论：

string: 8
iterator: 8
pair: sizeof(first)+sizeof(second)
vector: 24
shared_ptr: 16
weak_ptr: 16
unique_ptr: 8
std::function: 32
lambda: sizeof(external variable)

大小与其实现方法有直接关系，欲了解详情请查看对应的头文件。列举几个本人机器上的代码片段以抛砖引玉。

/usr/include/c++/4.8.2/bits/stl_vector.h
82     pointer _M_start;
83     pointer _M_finish;
84     pointer _M_end_of_storage;


/usr/include/c++/4.8.2/bits/basic_string.h
111   template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
112     class basic_string
113     {
272       struct _Alloc_hider : _Alloc
273       {
274     _Alloc_hider(_CharT* __dat, const _Alloc& __a)
275     : _Alloc(__a), _M_p(__dat) { }
276
277     _CharT* _M_p; // The actual data.
278       };
287     private:
288       // Data Members (private):
289       mutable _Alloc_hider>-_M_dataplus;