深拷贝(深复制)和浅拷贝(浅复制)是两个比较通用的概念。虽然java自动管理对象的回收,但对于深拷贝(深复制)和浅拷贝(浅复制),我们还是要给予足够的重视,因为有时这两个概念往往会给我们带来不小的困惑。
浅拷贝是指拷贝对象时仅仅拷贝对象本身(包括对象中的基本变量),而不拷贝对象包含的引用指向的对象。深拷贝不仅拷贝对象本身,而且拷贝对象包含的引用指向的所有对象。举例来说更加清楚:对象A1中包含对B1的引用,B1中包含对C1的引用。浅拷贝A1得到A2,A2 中依然包含对B1的引用,B1中依然包含对C1的引用。深拷贝则是对浅拷贝的递归,深拷贝A1得到A2,A2中包含对B2(B1的copy)的引用,B2 中包含对C2(C1的copy)的引用。
若不对clone()方法进行改写,则调用此方法得到的对象即为浅拷贝,下面我们着重谈一下深拷贝。
运行下面的程序,看一看浅拷贝:
class A
0
implements
Cloneable {
String name;
int
age;
A
int
age) {
this
.name = name;
this
.age = age;
}
public
Object clone()
throws
CloneNotSupportedException {
return
super
.clone();
}
}
class
Student0
implements
Cloneable {
String name;
// 常量对象。
int
age;
A
// 学生1和学生2的引用值都是一样的。
Student0(String name,
int
age, A
this
.name = name;
this
.age = age;
this
.p = p;
}
public
Object clone() {
Student0 o =
null
;
try
{
o = (Student0)
super
.clone();
}
catch
(CloneNotSupportedException e) {
System.out.println(e.toString());
}
return
o;
}
}
public
class
ShallowCopy {
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
A
new
A
"wangwu"
,
50
);
Student0 s1 =
new
Student0(
"zhangsan"
,
18
, p);
Student0 s2 = (Student0) s1.clone();
s2.p.name =
"lisi"
;
s2.p.age =
30
;
s2.name =
"z"
;
s2.age =
45
;
System.out.println(
"学生s1的姓名:"
+ s1.name +
"\n学生s1教授的姓名:"
+ s1.p.name +
","
+
"\n学生s1教授的年纪"
+ s1.p.age);
// 学生1的教授
}
}
|
s2变了,但s1也变了,证明s1的p和s2的p指向的是同一个对象。这在我们有的实际需求中,却不是这样,因而我们需要深拷贝:
class
A
implements
Cloneable {
String name;
int
age;
A(String name,
int
age) {
this
.name = name;
this
.age = age;
}
public
Object clone() {
Object o =
null
;
try
{
o =
super
.clone();
}
catch
(CloneNotSupportedException e) {
System.out.println(e.toString());
}
return
o;
}
}
class
Student
implements
Cloneable {
String name;
int
age;
A p;
Student(String name,
int
age, A p) {
this
.name = name;
this
.age = age;
this
.p = p;
}
public
Object clone() {
Student o =
null
;
try
{
o = (Student)
super
.clone();
}
catch
(CloneNotSupportedException e) {
System.out.println(e.toString());
}
o.p = (A) p.clone();
return
o;
}
}
public
class
DeepCopy {
public
static
void
main(String args[]) {
long
t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
A p =
new
A(
"wangwu"
,
50
);
Student s1 =
new
Student(
"zhangsan"
,
18
, p);
Student s2 = (Student) s1.clone();
s2.p.name =
"lisi"
;
s2.p.age =
30
;
System.out.println(
"name="
+ s1.p.name +
","
+
"age="
+ s1.p.age);
// 学生1的教授不改变。
long
t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println(t2-t1);
}
}
|
当然我们还有一种深拷贝方法,就是将对象串行化:
import
java.io.*;
//Serialization is time-consuming
class
Professor2
implements
Serializable {
/**
*
*/
private
static
final
long
serialVersionUID = 1L;
String name;
int
age;
Professor2(String name,
int
age) {
this
.name = name;
this
.age = age;
}
}
class
Student2
implements
Serializable {
/**
*
*/
private
static
final
long
serialVersionUID = 1L;
String name;
// 常量对象。
int
age;
Professor2 p;
// 学生1和学生2的引用值都是一样的。
Student2(String name,
int
age, Professor2 p) {
this
.name = name;
this
.age = age;
this
.p = p;
}
public
Object deepClone()
throws
IOException, OptionalDataException,
ClassNotFoundException {
// 将对象写到流里
ByteArrayOutputStream bo =
new
ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream oo =
new
ObjectOutputStream(bo);
oo.writeObject(
this
);
// 从流里读出来
ByteArrayInputStream bi =
new
ByteArrayInputStream(bo.toByteArray());
ObjectInputStream oi =
new
ObjectInputStream(bi);
return
(oi.readObject());
}
}
public
class
DeepCopy2 {
/**
* @param args
*/
public
static
void
main(String[] args)
throws
OptionalDataException,
IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
long
t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
Professor2 p =
new
Professor2(
"wangwu"
,
50
);
Student2 s1 =
new
Student2(
"zhangsan"
,
18
, p);
Student2 s2 = (Student2) s1.deepClone();
s2.p.name =
"lisi"
;
s2.p.age =
30
;
System.out.println(
"name="
+ s1.p.name +
","
+
"age="
+ s1.p.age);
// 学生1的教授不改变。
long
t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println(t2-t1);
}
}
|
但是串行化却很耗时,在一些框架中,我们便可以感受到,它们往往将对象进行串行化后进行传递,耗时较多