转自:http://blog.csdn.net/guolin_blog/article/details/17612763
经过前面两篇文章的学习,我们已经掌握了Volley各种Request的使用方法,包括StringRequest、JsonRequest、ImageRequest等。其中StringRequest用于请求一条普通的文本数据,JsonRequest(JsonObjectRequest、JsonArrayRequest)用于请求一条JSON格式的数据,ImageRequest则是用于请求网络上的一张图片。
可是Volley提供给我们的Request类型就只有这么多,而我们都知道,在网络上传输的数据通常有两种格式,JSON和XML,那么如果想要请求一条XML格式的数据该怎么办呢?其实很简单,Volley提供了非常强的扩展机制,使得我们可以很轻松地定制出任意类型的Request,这也就是本篇文章的主题了。
1. 自定义XMLRequest
下面我们准备自定义一个XMLRequest,用于请求一条XML格式的数据。那么该从哪里开始入手呢?额,好像是有些无从下手。遇到这种情况,我们应该去参考一下Volley的源码,看一看StringRequest是怎么实现的,然后就可以模仿着写出XMLRequest了。首先看下StringRequest的源码,如下所示:
/**
* A canned request for retrieving the response body at a given URL as a String.
*/
public class StringRequest extends Request<String> {
private final Listener<String> mListener;
/**
* Creates a new request with the given method.
*
* @param method the request {@link Method} to use
* @param url URL to fetch the string at
* @param listener Listener to receive the String response
* @param errorListener Error listener, or null to ignore errors
*/
public StringRequest(int method, String url, Listener<String> listener,
ErrorListener errorListener) {
super(method, url, errorListener);
mListener = listener;
}
/**
* Creates a new GET request.
*
* @param url URL to fetch the string at
* @param listener Listener to receive the String response
* @param errorListener Error listener, or null to ignore errors
*/
public StringRequest(String url, Listener<String> listener, ErrorListener errorListener) {
this(Method.GET, url, listener, errorListener);
}
@Override
protected void deliverResponse(String response) {
mListener.onResponse(response);
}
@Override
protected Response<String> parseNetworkResponse(NetworkResponse response) {
String parsed;
try {
parsed = new String(response.data, HttpHeaderParser.parseCharset(response.headers));
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
parsed = new String(response.data);
}
return Response.success(parsed, HttpHeaderParser.parseCacheHeaders(response));
}
}
可以看到,StringRequest的源码很简练,根本就没几行代码,我们一起来分析下。首先StringRequest是继承自Request类的,Request可以指定一个泛型类,这里指定的当然就是String了,接下来StringRequest中提供了两个有参的构造函数,参数包括请求类型,请求地址,以及响应回调等,由于我们已经很熟悉StringRequest的用法了,相信这几个参数的作用都不用再解释了吧。但需要注意的是,在构造函数中一定要调用super()方法将这几个参数传给父类,因为HTTP的请求和响应都是在父类中自动处理的。
另外,由于Request类中的deliverResponse()和parseNetworkResponse()是两个抽象方法,因此StringRequest中需要对这两个方法进行实现。deliverResponse()方法中的实现很简单,仅仅是调用了mListener中的onResponse()方法,并将response内容传入即可,这样就可以将服务器响应的数据进行回调了。parseNetworkResponse()方法中则应该对服务器响应的数据进行解析,其中数据是以字节的形式存放在NetworkResponse的data变量中的,这里将数据取出然后组装成一个String,并传入Response的success()方法中即可。
了解了StringRequest的实现原理,下面我们就可以动手来尝试实现一下XMLRequest了,代码如下所示:
public class XMLRequest extends Request<XmlPullParser> {
private final Listener<XmlPullParser> mListener;
public XMLRequest(int method, String url, Listener<XmlPullParser> listener,
ErrorListener errorListener) {
super(method, url, errorListener);
mListener = listener;
}
public XMLRequest(String url, Listener<XmlPullParser> listener, ErrorListener errorListener) {
this(Method.GET, url, listener, errorListener);
}
@Override
protected Response<XmlPullParser> parseNetworkResponse(NetworkResponse response) {
try {
String xmlString = new String(response.data,
HttpHeaderParser.parseCharset(response.headers));
XmlPullParserFactory factory = XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance();
XmlPullParser xmlPullParser = factory.newPullParser();
xmlPullParser.setInput(new StringReader(xmlString));
return Response.success(xmlPullParser, HttpHeaderParser.parseCacheHeaders(response));
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
return Response.error(new ParseError(e));
} catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
return Response.error(new ParseError(e));
}
}
@Override
protected void deliverResponse(XmlPullParser response) {
mListener.onResponse(response);
}
}
可以看到,其实并没有什么太多的逻辑,基本都是仿照StringRequest写下来的,XMLRequest也是继承自Request类的,只不过这里指定的泛型类是XmlPullParser,说明我们准备使用Pull解析的方式来解析XML。在parseNetworkResponse()方法中,先是将服务器响应的数据解析成一个字符串,然后设置到XmlPullParser对象中,在deliverResponse()方法中则是将XmlPullParser对象进行回调。
好了,就是这么简单,下面我们尝试使用这个XMLRequest来请求一段XML格式的数据。http://flash.weather.com.cn/wmaps/xml/china.xml这个接口会将中国所有的省份数据以XML格式进行返回,如下所示:
<china dn="day" slick-uniqueid="3">
<city quName="黑龙江" pyName="heilongjiang" cityname="哈尔滨" state1="0" state2="0" stateDetailed="晴" tem1="18" tem2="6" windState="西北风3-4级转西风小于3级"/>
<city quName="吉林" pyName="jilin" cityname="长春" state1="0" state2="0" stateDetailed="晴" tem1="19" tem2="6" windState="西北风3-4级转小于3级"/>
<city quName="辽宁" pyName="liaoning" cityname="沈阳" state1="0" state2="0" stateDetailed="晴" tem1="21" tem2="7" windState="东北风3-4级"/>
<city quName="海南" pyName="hainan" cityname="海口" state1="1" state2="1" stateDetailed="多云" tem1="30" tem2="24" windState="微风"/>
<city quName="内蒙古" pyName="neimenggu" cityname="呼和浩特" state1="0" state2="0" stateDetailed="晴" tem1="19" tem2="5" windState="东风3-4级"/>
<city quName="新疆" pyName="xinjiang" cityname="乌鲁木齐" state1="0" state2="0" stateDetailed="晴" tem1="22" tem2="10" windState="微风转东南风小于3级"/>
<city quName="西藏" pyName="xizang" cityname="拉萨" state1="1" state2="7" stateDetailed="多云转小雨" tem1="18" tem2="4" windState="微风"/>
<city quName="青海" pyName="qinghai" cityname="西宁" state1="0" state2="1" stateDetailed="晴转多云" tem1="18" tem2="2" windState="微风"/>
<city quName="宁夏" pyName="ningxia" cityname="银川" state1="0" state2="0" stateDetailed="晴" tem1="19" tem2="8" windState="微风"/>
<city quName="甘肃" pyName="gansu" cityname="兰州" state1="0" state2="0" stateDetailed="晴" tem1="21" tem2="6" windState="微风"/>
<city quName="河北" pyName="hebei" cityname="石家庄" state1="0" state2="0" stateDetailed="晴" tem1="25" tem2="12" windState="北风小于3级"/>
<city quName="河南" pyName="henan" cityname="郑州" state1="0" state2="0" stateDetailed="晴" tem1="24" tem2="13" windState="微风"/>
<city quName="湖北" pyName="hubei" cityname="武汉" state1="0" state2="0" stateDetailed="晴" tem1="24" tem2="12" windState="微风"/>
<city quName="湖南" pyName="hunan" cityname="长沙" state1="2" state2="1" stateDetailed="阴转多云" tem1="20" tem2="15" windState="北风小于3级"/>
<city quName="山东" pyName="shandong" cityname="济南" state1="1" state2="1" stateDetailed="多云" tem1="20" tem2="10" windState="北风3-4级转小于3级"/>
<city quName="江苏" pyName="jiangsu" cityname="南京" state1="2" state2="2" stateDetailed="阴" tem1="19" tem2="13" windState="西北风4-5级转3-4级"/>
<city quName="安徽" pyName="anhui" cityname="合肥" state1="2" state2="1" stateDetailed="阴转多云" tem1="20" tem2="12" windState="西北风转北风3-4级"/>
<city quName="山西" pyName="shanxi" cityname="太原" state1="0" state2="0" stateDetailed="晴" tem1="22" tem2="8" windState="微风"/>
<city quName="陕西" pyName="sanxi" cityname="西安" state1="1" state2="0" stateDetailed="多云转晴" tem1="21" tem2="9" windState="东北风小于3级"/>
<city quName="四川" pyName="sichuan" cityname="成都" state1="1" state2="1" stateDetailed="多云" tem1="26" tem2="15" windState="南风小于3级"/>
<city quName="云南" pyName="yunnan" cityname="昆明" state1="7" state2="7" stateDetailed="小雨" tem1="21" tem2="13" windState="微风"/>
<city quName="贵州" pyName="guizhou" cityname="贵阳" state1="1" state2="3" stateDetailed="多云转阵雨" tem1="21" tem2="11" windState="东风小于3级"/>
<city quName="浙江" pyName="zhejiang" cityname="杭州" state1="3" state2="1" stateDetailed="阵雨转多云" tem1="22" tem2="14" windState="微风"/>
<city quName="福建" pyName="fujian" cityname="福州" state1="1" state2="2" stateDetailed="多云转阴" tem1="28" tem2="18" windState="微风"/>
<city quName="江西" pyName="jiangxi" cityname="南昌" state1="2" state2="1" stateDetailed="阴转多云" tem1="23" tem2="15" windState="北风3-4级转微风"/>
<city quName="广东" pyName="guangdong" cityname="广州" state1="3" state2="2" stateDetailed="阵雨转阴" tem1="26" tem2="20" windState="微风"/>
<city quName="广西" pyName="guangxi" cityname="南宁" state1="3" state2="3" stateDetailed="阵雨" tem1="23" tem2="19" windState="东北风小于3级"/>
<city quName="北京" pyName="beijing" cityname="北京" state1="0" state2="0" stateDetailed="晴" tem1="26" tem2="10" windState="微风"/>
<city quName="天津" pyName="tianjin" cityname="天津" state1="1" state2="0" stateDetailed="多云转晴" tem1="22" tem2="13" windState="东北风3-4级转小于3级"/>
<city quName="上海" pyName="shanghai" cityname="上海" state1="7" state2="1" stateDetailed="小雨转多云" tem1="20" tem2="16" windState="西北风3-4级"/>
<city quName="重庆" pyName="chongqing" cityname="重庆" state1="1" state2="3" stateDetailed="多云转阵雨" tem1="21" tem2="14" windState="微风"/>
<city quName="香港" pyName="xianggang" cityname="香港" state1="3" state2="1" stateDetailed="阵雨转多云" tem1="26" tem2="22" windState="微风"/>
<city quName="澳门" pyName="aomen" cityname="澳门" state1="3" state2="1" stateDetailed="阵雨转多云" tem1="27" tem2="22" windState="东北风3-4级转微风"/>
<city quName="台湾" pyName="taiwan" cityname="台北" state1="9" state2="7" stateDetailed="大雨转小雨" tem1="28" tem2="21" windState="微风"/>
<city quName="西沙" pyName="xisha" cityname="西沙" state1="3" state2="3" stateDetailed="阵雨" tem1="30" tem2="26" windState="东北风4-5级"/>
<city quName="南沙" pyName="nanshadao" cityname="南沙" state1="1" state2="1" stateDetailed="多云" tem1="32" tem2="27" windState="东风4-5级"/>
<city quName="钓鱼岛" pyName="diaoyudao" cityname="钓鱼岛" state1="7" state2="1" stateDetailed="小雨转多云" tem1="23" tem2="19" windState="西南风3-4级转北风5-6级"/>
</china>
确定了访问接口后,我们只需要在代码中按照以下的方式来使用XMLRequest即可:
XMLRequest xmlRequest = new XMLRequest(
"http://flash.weather.com.cn/wmaps/xml/china.xml",
new Response.Listener<XmlPullParser>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(XmlPullParser response) {
try {
int eventType = response.getEventType();
while (eventType != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
switch (eventType) {
case XmlPullParser.START_TAG:
String nodeName = response.getName();
if ("city".equals(nodeName)) {
String pName = response.getAttributeValue(0);
Log.d("TAG", "pName is " + pName);
}
break;
}
eventType = response.next();
}
} catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}, new Response.ErrorListener() {
@Override
public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError error) {
Log.e("TAG", error.getMessage(), error);
}
});
mQueue.add(xmlRequest);
可以看到,这里XMLRequest的用法和StringRequest几乎是一模一样的,我们先创建出一个XMLRequest的实例,并把服务器接口地址传入,然后在onResponse()方法中解析响应的XML数据,并把每个省的名字打印出来,最后将这个XMLRequest添加到RequestQueue当中。
现在运行一下代码,观察控制台日志,就可以看到每个省的名字都从XML中解析出来了,如下图所示。
2. 自定义GsonRequest
JsonRequest的数据解析是利用Android本身自带的JSONObject和JSONArray来实现的,配合使用JSONObject和JSONArray就可以解析出任意格式的JSON数据。不过也许你会觉得使用JSONObject还是太麻烦了,还有很多方法可以让JSON数据解析变得更加简单,比如说GSON。遗憾的是,Volley中默认并不支持使用自家的GSON来解析数据,不过没有关系,通过上面的学习,相信你已经知道了自定义一个Request是多么的简单,那么下面我们就来举一反三一下,自定义一个GsonRequest。
首先我们需要把gson的jar包添加到项目当中,jar包的下载地址是:https://code.google.com/p/google-gson/downloads/list 。
接着定义一个GsonRequest继承自Request,代码如下所示:
public class GsonRequest<T> extends Request<T> {
private final Listener<T> mListener;
private Gson mGson;
private Class<T> mClass;
public GsonRequest(int method, String url, Class<T> clazz, Listener<T> listener,
ErrorListener errorListener) {
super(method, url, errorListener);
mGson = new Gson();
mClass = clazz;
mListener = listener;
}
public GsonRequest(String url, Class<T> clazz, Listener<T> listener,
ErrorListener errorListener) {
this(Method.GET, url, clazz, listener, errorListener);
}
@Override
protected Response<T> parseNetworkResponse(NetworkResponse response) {
try {
String jsonString = new String(response.data,
HttpHeaderParser.parseCharset(response.headers));
return Response.success(mGson.fromJson(jsonString, mClass),
HttpHeaderParser.parseCacheHeaders(response));
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
return Response.error(new ParseError(e));
}
}
@Override
protected void deliverResponse(T response) {
mListener.onResponse(response);
}
}
可以看到,GsonRequest是继承自Request类的,并且同样提供了两个构造函数。在parseNetworkResponse()方法中,先是将服务器响应的数据解析出来,然后通过调用Gson的fromJson方法将数据组装成对象。在deliverResponse方法中仍然是将最终的数据进行回调。
那么下面我们就来测试一下这个GsonRequest能不能够正常工作吧,调用http://www.weather.com.cn/data/sk/101010100.html这个接口可以得到一段JSON格式的天气数据,如下所示:
{"weatherinfo":{"city":"北京","cityid":"101010100","temp":"19","WD":"南风","WS":"2级","SD":"43%","WSE":"2","time":"19:45","isRadar":"1","Radar":"JC_RADAR_AZ9010_JB"}}
接下来我们使用对象的方式将这段JSON字符串表示出来。新建一个Weather类,代码如下所示:
public class Weather {
private WeatherInfo weatherinfo;
public WeatherInfo getWeatherinfo() {
return weatherinfo;
}
public void setWeatherinfo(WeatherInfo weatherinfo) {
this.weatherinfo = weatherinfo;
}
}
Weather类中只是引用了WeatherInfo这个类。接着新建WeatherInfo类,代码如下所示:
public class WeatherInfo {
private String city;
private String temp;
private String time;
public String getCity() {
return city;
}
public void setCity(String city) {
this.city = city;
}
public String getTemp() {
return temp;
}
public void setTemp(String temp) {
this.temp = temp;
}
public String getTime() {
return time;
}
public void setTime(String time) {
this.time = time;
}
}
WeatherInfo类中含有city、temp、time这几个字段。下面就是如何调用GsonRequest了,其实也很简单,代码如下所示:
GsonRequest<Weather> gsonRequest = new GsonRequest<Weather>(
"http://www.weather.com.cn/data/sk/101010100.html", Weather.class,
new Response.Listener<Weather>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Weather weather) {
WeatherInfo weatherInfo = weather.getWeatherinfo();
Log.d("TAG", "city is " + weatherInfo.getCity());
Log.d("TAG", "temp is " + weatherInfo.getTemp());
Log.d("TAG", "time is " + weatherInfo.getTime());
}
}, new Response.ErrorListener() {
@Override
public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError error) {
Log.e("TAG", error.getMessage(), error);
}
});
mQueue.add(gsonRequest);
可以看到,这里onResponse()方法的回调中直接返回了一个Weather对象,我们通过它就可以得到WeatherInfo对象,接着就能从中取出JSON中的相关数据了。现在运行一下代码,观察控制台日志,打印数据如下图所示:
这样的话,XMLRequest和GsonRequest的功能就基本都实现了,我们也是借助这两个例子深刻地理解了自定义Request的方法,对Volley的认识也是更加深入了。