SpringCloud搭建

官方文档地址https://springcloud.cc/spring-cloud-dalston.html

springCloud包括：服务发现 Eureka, 短路器Hystrix, 负载平衡器Ribbon, Rest客户端feign 路由器和过滤器zuule、配置中心

eureka的原理：Eureka Server 和 Eureka Client。Eureka Server提供服务发现的能力，各个微服务启动时，会通过Eureka Client向Eureka Server进行注册自己的信息（例如网络信息），Eureka Server会存储该服务的信息。微服务启动后，会周期性地向Eureka Server发送心跳（默认周期为30秒）以续约自己的信息。如果Eureka Server在一定时间内没有接收到某个微服务节点的心跳，Eureka Server将会注销该微服务节点（默认90秒）。Eureka Client会缓存Eureka Server中的信息。即使所有的Eureka Server节点都宕掉，服务消费者依然可以使用缓存中的信息找到服务提供者。配置参数所在类org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EurekaInstanceConfigBean.class及org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EurekaServerConfigBean.class； 网友总结了这些参数引用一下https://www.cnblogs.com/fangfuhai/p/7070325.html

Feign的原理：Feign 是一个http请求调用的轻量级框架，在处理请求转换和消息解析的过程中，基本上没什么时间消耗。真正影响性能的，是处理Http请求的环节。由于默认情况下，Feign采用的是JDK的HttpURLConnection,所以整体性能并不高。可以通过拓展该接口，使用Apache HttpClient 或者OkHttp3等基于连接池的高性能Http客户端。

新建一个eureka的springboot项目，配置文件
application.yml

eureka:
    instance:
        hostname: localhost
    client:
        serviceUrl:
            defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:8761/eureka/
        register-with-eureka: true
        fetch-registry: true
server:
    port: 8761
spring:
    application:
        name: eureka
 spring:
    security:
        basic:
            enabled: true
        user:
            name: admin
            password: 123

启动程序,访问http://localhost:8761/ ，
进入登录页面，输入用户名和密码，登录
spring-boot版本不一样，登录配置也不同，看下org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.SecurityProperties.class
如下图所示：

eureka注册中心和zookeeper的功能一致。

springcloud官网https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud，这里面有和springboot版本对应的关系，搭配错了会报很多错误。

2、springcloud整合zookeeper
用的是3.4.13的版本zookeeper,启动zookeeper

项目配置：
spring.application.name=spring-cloud-zookeeper-client-app
server.port=8080
management.security.enabled=false
spring.cloud.zookeeper.connect-string=localhost:2181
spring.cloud.zookeeper.discovery.instanceHost=localhost
spring.cloud.zookeeper.discovery.instancePort=${server.port}

controller请求

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/zookeeper-02")
public class ZookeeperController {

	@Value("${spring.application.name}")
    private String instanceName;
	
	private final DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;

    @Autowired
    public ZookeeperController(DiscoveryClient discoveryClient) {
        this.discoveryClient = discoveryClient;
    }

    @GetMapping("/hello")
    @Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
    public String hello() {
        return "Hello,Zookeeper.";
    }

    @GetMapping("/services")
    @Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
    public List<String> serviceUrl() {
        List<ServiceInstance> list = discoveryClient.getInstances(instanceName);
        List<String> services = new ArrayList<>();
        if (list != null && list.size() > 0 ) {
            list.forEach(serviceInstance -> {
                services.add(serviceInstance.getUri().toString());
            });
        }
        return services;
    }
}

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class App 
{
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
        SpringApplication.run(App.class, args);
    }
}

启动项目，访问http://localhost:8080/zookeeper-02/services 返回值是http://localhost:8080

2、网关项目
pom.xml配置

<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
	</parent>
	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
				<version>Finchley.SR1</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>3.8.1</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<repositories>
		<repository>
			<id>spring-milestones</id>
			<name>Spring Milestones</name>
			<url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-milestone</url>
			<snapshots>
				<enabled>false</enabled>
			</snapshots>
		</repository>
	</repositories>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

application.yml配置

eureka:
    client:
        serviceUrl:
            defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/,http://localhost:9100/eureka/
        register-with-eureka: true
        fetch-registry: true
server:
    port: 8089
spring:
    application:
        name: zuul
zuul:
    routes:
        api-a:
            path: /api-member/**
            serviceId: member
        api-b:
            path: /api-order/**
            serviceId: order

启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableZuulProxy
public class App 
{
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
        SpringApplication.run(App.class, args);
    }
}

启动网关后，网关将所有端口号后带/api-member/的url转发到member项目中去，将带/api-order/的url转发到order项目中去。

三、配置中心
服务器端：
pom.xml文件

<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
	</parent>
<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
				<version>Finchley.SR1</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>
<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>
			<version>2.0.0.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
			<version>1.4.2.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>

如果是eclipse工具还有加个依赖，要不会报错

<dependency>
			<groupId>org.eclipse.jgit</groupId>
			<artifactId>org.eclipse.jgit</artifactId>
			<version>4.9.0.201710071750-r</version>
		</dependency>

application.yml配置

server:
    port: 8888
spring:
    application:
        name: config-server
    cloud:
        config:
            server:
                git:
                    uri: https://github.com/zhanglinlove/springcloudtest.git
eureka:
    client:
        service-url:
            defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

其中uri放置的是配置文件的地址

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableConfigServer
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class App 
{
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
        SpringApplication.run(App.class, args);
    }
}

客户端的配置：
pom.xml中的依赖换成下面

<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
			<version>2.0.0.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
			<version>1.4.2.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>

拉取配置信息的配置写到bootstrap.yml文件中

server:
    port: 8889
spring:
    application:
        name: default
    cloud:
        config:
            profile: test
            label: master
            discovery:
                enabled: true
                service-id: config-server
eureka:
    client:
        service-url:
            defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

github上的配置文件的名字构成必须是: {application}-{profile}.properties或者{application}-{profile}.yml这种格式，其中客户端的spring.application.name对应着application, spring.cloud.config.profile对应着profile；对不上就读不到数据。

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class App 
{
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
        SpringApplication.run(App.class, args);
    }
}

@RestController
public class TestController {

	@Value("${from}")
	String name;
	
	@GetMapping("/hello")
	public String getInfo() {
		return name;
	}
}

启动eureka,再启动配置服务器端，再启动客户端，在浏览器中输入http://localhost:8889/hello
返回对应的from的值。

四、断路器：Hystrix客户端
在微服务架构中，通常有多层服务调用。较低级别的服务中的服务故障可能导致用户级联故障。当对特定服务的呼叫达到一定阈值时（Hystrix中的默认值为5秒内的20次故障），电路打开，不进行通话。在错误和开路的情况下，开发人员可以提供后备。

添加依赖

<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>

启动类加注解@EnableCircuitBreaker

 @SpringBootApplication
    @EnableCircuitBreaker
    public class Application {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            new SpringApplicationBuilder(Application.class).web(true).run(args);
        }
    
    }

调用方法上加断路的注解

@Service
public class OrderService {

	@Autowired
	private PersonClient personClient;

	@HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "defaultMethod")
	public String getOrder() {
		return personClient.getMember();
	}
	
	public String defaultMethod() {
		return "请稍后重试";
	}
}

五、gateway（网关）