Asterisk内核框架

 

标题：Asterisk内核框架（转帖）

2009-07-15 13:37:23

Asterisk内核框架（转帖）   Asterisk是一个开源的pbx系统，在公开的资料中，很难找到asterisk内核系统的详细描述。因此，很有必要写一篇内核框架的描述文档，作为内部培训文档，相互学习提高。 本文主要从三个层面来描述asterisk内核，即asterisk内核模块、内核启动过程、基本呼叫流程。 一、             asterisk内核模块 Asterisk由内部核心和外围动态可加载模块组成。内部核心由以下六个部分组成：PBX交换核心模块(PBX Switching Core)、调度和I/O管理模块(Scheduler and I/O Manager)、应用调用模块(Application Launcher)、编解码转换模块(Codec Translator)、动态模块加载器模块(Dynamic Module Loader)和CDR生成模块(CDR Core)。 外围动态可加载模块包括以App_开始的Applications、以Func_开始的Functions、以Res_开始的Resources、以Chan_开始的channels、以Codec_开始的codec编解码模块等。 1.         内核模块 1)        PBX交换核心模块(PBX Switching Core)： l         pbx.c pbx.c是asterisk的核心模块，每路呼叫都需要经过它调度。pbx实现了builtin applications，也就是内置的应用，比如最常见的Answer,Hangup, Background,Wait等等。 struct ast_app是一个关键数据结构，它定义了注册builtin applications的结构。 load_pbx函数用来注册builtin applications和一些命令行CLI命令（每个模块都有些CLI命令）。该函数在系统启动时被调用。 pbx_exec是Answer/BackGround/Busy/Goto/GotoIf/Hangup/Set等builtin applications的执行入口函数，它被pbx_extension_helper调用。 ast_pbx_start函数是每路呼叫的起点。 2)        调度和I/O管理模块(Scheduler and I/O Manager)： l         Channel.c: Channel.c/channel.h定义了channel操作的结构体和接口函数。 struct ast_channel_tech结构体是所有channel都要用到的关键结构体，它定义channel操作的一系列回调函数指针，如call、hangup、answer等。每个channel模块都会定义ast_channel_tech的实体，并将各自的回调函数赋值给它。例如chan_sip.c中定义如下： /*! /brief Definition of this channel for PBX channel registration */ static const struct ast_channel_tech sip_tech = {        .type = "SIP",        .description = "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)",        .capabilities = ((AST_FORMAT_MAX_AUDIO << 1) - 1),        .properties = AST_CHAN_TP_WANTSJITTER | AST_CHAN_TP_CREATESJITTER,        .requester = sip_request_call,        .devicestate = sip_devicestate,        .call = sip_call,        .hangup = sip_hangup,        .answer = sip_answer,        .read = sip_read,        .write = sip_write,        .write_video = sip_write,        .indicate = sip_indicate,        .transfer = sip_transfer,        .fixup = sip_fixup,        .send_digit_begin = sip_senddigit_begin,        .send_digit_end = sip_senddigit_end,        .bridge = ast_rtp_bridge,        .send_text = sip_sendtext,        .func_channel_read = acf_channel_read, }; ast_call、ast_hangup、ast_answer等函数分别实现ast_channel_tech中的call、hangup、answer等回调函数的调用。 struct ast_channel结构体定义了channel的上下文参数，它是每个参与呼叫的channel必不可少的，都会调用ast_channel_alloc来申请ast_channel。 l         io.c io.c实现了asterisk跟外部交互时的I/O管理，如chan_sip为了从外部接收SIP信令，调用ast_io_add添加IO接口，并调用ast_io_wait实现外部消息接收。 3)        应用调用模块(Application Launcher)： 在pbx.c中定义了一系列的应用调用接口。 applications模块定义了application回调函数并注册后，在pbx.c中通过应用调用接口回调执行。 应用调用接口的关键函数是pbx_extension_helper，它执行dialplan，在cli上打印“Executing ……”,并抛出ami event事件，同时调用pbx_exec执行application回调函数。 4)        编解码转换模块(Codec Translator)： Translate.c: struct ast_translator：编码转换描述结构体，它定义了编码转换的名称、回调函数、运行时选项。 struct ast_trans_pvt：编码转换上下文描述结构体。 ast_register_translator：编码转换注册接口函数，供各编码模块调用，注册struct ast_translator类型的结构体变量。 ast_unregister_translator：编码转换注销函数 ast_translate：编码转换的执行函数。 codec_gsm.c/codec_...：对应各种编码的编解码执行模块，如g.711alaw/g.711ulaw/gsm等。 5)        动态模块加载器模块(Dynamic Module Loader)： 该模块主要是Module.h。 Module.h中定义了struct ast_module_info结构，用来保存各模块的注册、注销回调函数，以及模块描述信息。 load_module、unload_module，每个应用模块的注册、注销函数，由各个模块自行定义为static函数。 AST_MODULE_INFO_STANDARD：注册接口、注销接口、模块描述信息等模块信息的登记接口。它是一个宏定义，动态模块调用它时，首先定义类型为ast_module_info的__mod_info静态结构变量，保存模块信息，并定义__attribute__ ((constructor)) __reg_module和__attribute__ ((destructor)) __unreg_module，在程序启动和退出时调用。 6)        CDR生成模块(CDR Core)： Cdr.c: ast_cdr_register：cdr driver注册，供cdr_mysql等调用，注册话单保存的回调函数。 ast_cdr_engine_init：CDR模块初始化，注册cdr status、加载cdr.conf、启动CDR线程。 ast_cdr_detach：产生话单的接口函数，呼叫结束时被调用。 2.         外围可加载模块： 1)        Applications 以app_开始的模块，如app_dial.c、app_db.c、app_queue.c、app_record.c、app_meetme.c等，代码保存在apps目录中。每个application模块都定义了load_module函数和unload_module函数，分别用来注册和注销application。 load_module函数调用ast_register_application函数，注册application命令，例如app_dial模块注册Dial：res = ast_register_application(app, dial_exec, synopsis, descrip)。 unload_module函数调用ast_unregister_application函数，注销application命令。 每个application模块都会使用AST_MODULE_INFO_STANDARD宏来登记模块信息__mod_info。AST_MODULE_INFO_STANDARD将load_module和unload_module注册为回调函数，供module load/unload/reload调用。 2)        Channel 以chan_开始的模块，如chan_sip.c、chan_h323.c、chan_mgcp.c 、chan_iax2.c、 chan_zap.c等，对应代码保存在channels目录中。 channel注册、注销过程和application基本类似。由于每个channel需要和外部交互，都会在load_module中启用do_monitor线程来侦听外部tcp/udp端口，接收外部消息。 每个channel也定义了各自的cli命令和Function命令，例如chan_sip定义了sip debug/history/no/notify/prune/ reload/set/show等cli命令和SIP_HEADER、CHECKSIPDOMAIN、SIPPEER、SIPCHANINFO等Function命令。 3)        Functions 以Fun_开始的模块，例如Fun_db.c、func_moh.c、func_cdr.c等，对应代码保存在funcs目录中。 Function注册、注销过程也和application类似。 每个Function模块也定义了各自的Function命令，例如Fun_db.c就定义了DB、DB_EXISTS、DB_DELETE等Function命令。 二、             asterisk启动过程 主要就main函数讲解asterisk的启动过程： int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {        int c;        char filename[80] = "";        char hostname[MAXHOSTNAMELEN] = "";        char tmp[80];        char * xarg = NULL;        int x;        FILE *f;        sigset_t sigs;        int num;        int isroot = 1;        char *buf;        char *runuser = NULL, *rungroup = NULL; /*保存命令行参数(argv[]->_argv[])，以便程序重启时使用*/        /* Remember original args for restart */        if (argc > sizeof(_argv) / sizeof(_argv[0]) - 1) {               fprintf(stderr, "Truncating argument size to %d/n", (int)(sizeof(_argv) / sizeof(_argv[0])) - 1);               argc = sizeof(_argv) / sizeof(_argv[0]) - 1;        }        for (x=0; x<argc; x++)               _argv[x] = argv[x];        _argv[x] = NULL;        if (geteuid() != 0)               isroot = 0; /*命令如果是rasterisk，设置AST_OPT_FLAG_NO_FORK和AST_OPT_FLAG_REMOTE标志位*/        /* if the progname is rasterisk consider it a remote console */        if (argv[0] && (strstr(argv[0], "rasterisk")) != NULL) {               ast_set_flag(&ast_options, AST_OPT_FLAG_NO_FORK | AST_OPT_FLAG_REMOTE);        } /*得到当前主机名,在启动时打印出来*/        if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)-1))               ast_copy_string(hostname, "<Unknown>", sizeof(hostname)); /*获取当前的进程标识*/        ast_mainpid = getpid(); /*建立mu-law和a-law转换表*/        ast_ulaw_init();        ast_alaw_init(); /*为FFT逆变换（傅立叶逆变换）做一些初始化,用于在zaptel里进行callerid的DTMF检测*/        callerid_init(); /*初始化内置命令的_full_cmd字符串，并注册常用命令，ast_builtins_init() -> ast_cli_register_multiple() -> ast_cli_register() -> __ast_cli_register() */        ast_builtins_init(); /*初始化base64转换*/        ast_utils_init(); /* tty/tdd初始化*/        tdd_init(); /*设置用户历史命令的保存路径*/        if (getenv("HOME"))               snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s/.asterisk_history", getenv("HOME"));        /* Check for options */ /*检查命令行的输入参数，匹配参数范围是“mtThfFdvVqprRgciInx:U:G:C:L:M:”，不同的参数输入走到不同的case分支处理。有几个v,verbose级别就增加几*/        while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "mtThfFdvVqprRgciInx:U:G:C:L:M:")) != -1) {               switch (c) { #if HAVE_WORKING_FORK               case 'F':                      ast_set_flag(&ast_options, AST_OPT_FLAG_ALWAYS_FORK);                      break;               case 'f':                      ast_set_flag(&ast_options, AST_OPT_FLAG_NO_FORK);                      break; #endif               case 'd':                      option_debug++;                      ast_set_flag(&ast_options, AST_OPT_FLAG_NO_FORK);                      break;               case 'c':                      ast_set_flag(&ast_options, AST_OPT_FLAG_NO_FORK | AST_OPT_FLAG_CONSOLE);                      break;               case 'n':                      ast_set_flag(&ast_options, AST_OPT_FLAG_NO_COLOR);                      break;               case 'r':                      ast_set_flag(&ast_options, AST_OPT_FLAG_NO_FORK | AST_OPT_FLAG_REMOTE);                      break;               case 'R':                      ast_set_flag(&ast_options, AST_OPT_FLAG_NO_FORK | AST_OPT_FLAG_REMOTE | AST_OPT_FLAG_RECONNECT);                      break;               case 'p':                      ast_set_flag(&ast_options, AST_OPT_FLAG_HIGH_PRIORITY);                      break;               case 'v':                      option_verbose++;                      ast_set_flag(&ast_options, AST_OPT_FLAG_NO_FORK);                      break;               case 'm':                      ast_set_flag(&ast_options, AST_OPT_FLAG_MUTE);                      break;               case 'M':                      if ((sscanf(optarg, "%d", &option_maxcalls) != 1) || (option_maxcalls < 0))                             option_maxcalls = 0;                      break;               case 'L':                      if ((sscanf(optarg, "%lf", &option_maxload) != 1) || (option_maxload < 0.0))                             option_maxload = 0.0;                      break;               case 'q':                      ast_set_flag(&ast_options, AST_OPT_FLAG_QUIET);                      break;               case 't':                      ast_set_flag(&ast_options, AST_OPT_FLAG_CACHE_RECORD_FILES);                      break;               case 'T':                      ast_set_flag(&ast_options, AST_OPT_FLAG_TIMESTAMP);                      break;               case 'x':                      ast_set_flag(&ast_options, AST_OPT_FLAG_EXEC);                      xarg = ast_strdupa(optarg);                      break;               case 'C':                      ast_copy_string(ast_config_AST_CONFIG_FILE, optarg, sizeof(ast_config_AST_CONFIG_FILE));                      ast_set_flag(&ast_options, AST_OPT_FLAG_OVERRIDE_CONFIG);                      break;               case 'I':                      ast_set_flag(&ast_options, AST_OPT_FLAG_INTERNAL_TIMING);                      break;               case 'i':                      ast_set_flag(&ast_options, AST_OPT_FLAG_INIT_KEYS);                      break;               case 'g':                      ast_set_flag(&ast_options, AST_OPT_FLAG_DUMP_CORE);                      break;               case 'h':                      show_cli_help();                      exit(0);               case 'V':                      show_version();                      exit(0);               case 'U':                      runuser = ast_strdupa(optarg);                      break;               case 'G':                      rungroup = ast_strdupa(optarg);                      break;               case '?':                      exit(1);               }        } /*如果用了-c或者-v或者-r并且没有-x cmd参数，则打印欢迎信息*/        if (ast_opt_console || option_verbose || (ast_opt_remote && !ast_opt_exec)) {               ast_register_verbose(console_verboser);               WELCOME_MESSAGE;        } /*如果没有开调试则简单打印Booting... */        if (ast_opt_console && !option_verbose)               ast_verbose("[ Booting.../n"); /*显示控制台时，不论是本地还是远程，都不能使用-F参数，否则无效*/        if (ast_opt_always_fork && (ast_opt_remote || ast_opt_console)) {               ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "'alwaysfork' is not compatible with console or remote console mode; ignored/n");               ast_clear_flag(&ast_options, AST_OPT_FLAG_ALWAYS_FORK);        }        /* For remote connections, change the name of the remote connection.         * We do this for the benefit of init scripts (which need to know if/when         * the main asterisk process has died yet). */        if (ast_opt_remote) {               strcpy(argv[0], "rasterisk");               for (x = 1; x < argc; x++) {                      argv[x] = argv[0] + 10;               }        } /*读取主配置文件，主配置文件是由make menuselect配置的*/        if (ast_opt_console && !option_verbose)               ast_verbose("[ Reading Master Configuration ]/n");        ast_readconfig(); /*如果启动加了-g，取消core dump文件的大小限制*/        if (ast_opt_dump_core) {               struct rlimit l;               memset(&l, 0, sizeof(l));               l.rlim_cur = RLIM_INFINITY;               l.rlim_max = RLIM_INFINITY;               if (setrlimit(RLIMIT_CORE, &l)) {                      ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Unable to disable core size resource limit: %s/n", strerror(errno));               }        } /*修改用户和组权限*/        if ((!rungroup) && !ast_strlen_zero(ast_config_AST_RUN_GROUP))               rungroup = ast_config_AST_RUN_GROUP;        if ((!runuser) && !ast_strlen_zero(ast_config_AST_RUN_USER))               runuser = ast_config_AST_RUN_USER; #ifndef __CYGWIN__        if (isroot)               ast_set_priority(ast_opt_high_priority);        if (isroot && rungroup) {               struct group *gr;               gr = getgrnam(rungroup);               if (!gr) {                      ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "No such group '%s'!/n", rungroup);                      exit(1);               }               if (setgid(gr->gr_gid)) {                      ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Unable to setgid to %d (%s)/n", (int)gr->gr_gid, rungroup);                      exit(1);               }               if (setgroups(0, NULL)) {                      ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Unable to drop unneeded groups/n");                      exit(1);               }               if (option_verbose)                      ast_verbose("Running as group '%s'/n", rungroup);        }        if (runuser && !ast_test_flag(&ast_options, AST_OPT_FLAG_REMOTE)) { #ifdef HAVE_CAP               int has_cap = 1; #endif /* HAVE_CAP */               struct passwd *pw;               pw = getpwnam(runuser);               if (!pw) {                      ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "No such user '%s'!/n", runuser);                      exit(1);               } #ifdef HAVE_CAP               if (prctl(PR_SET_KEEPCAPS, 1, 0, 0, 0)) {                      ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Unable to keep capabilities./n");                      has_cap = 0;               } #endif /* HAVE_CAP */               if (!isroot && pw->pw_uid != geteuid()) {                      ast_log(LOG_ERROR, "Asterisk started as nonroot, but runuser '%s' requested./n", runuser);                      exit(1);               }               if (!rungroup) {                      if (setgid(pw->pw_gid)) {                             ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Unable to setgid to %d!/n", (int)pw->pw_gid);                             exit(1);                      }                      if (isroot && initgroups(pw->pw_name, pw->pw_gid)) {                             ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Unable to init groups for '%s'/n", runuser);                             exit(1);                      }               }               if (setuid(pw->pw_uid)) {                      ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Unable to setuid to %d (%s)/n", (int)pw->pw_uid, runuser);                      exit(1);               }               if (option_verbose)                      ast_verbose("Running as user '%s'/n", runuser); #ifdef HAVE_CAP               if (has_cap) {                      cap_t cap;                      cap = cap_from_text("cap_net_admin=ep");                      if (cap_set_proc(cap))                             ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Unable to install capabilities./n");                      if (cap_free(cap))                             ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Unable to drop capabilities./n");               } #endif /* HAVE_CAP */        } #endif /* __CYGWIN__ */ #ifdef linux        if (geteuid() && ast_opt_dump_core) {               if (prctl(PR_SET_DUMPABLE, 1, 0, 0, 0) < 0) {                      ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Unable to set the process for core dumps after changing to a non-root user. %s/n", strerror(errno));               }           } #endif /*初始化模拟终端ast_term_init(),默认是VT100*/        ast_term_init();        printf(term_end());        fflush(stdout);        if (ast_opt_console && !option_verbose)               ast_verbose("[ Initializing Custom Configuration Options ]/n");        /* custom config setup */ /*注册命令core show config mappings*/        register_config_cli(); /*配置文件的映射和绑定*/        read_config_maps();        if (ast_opt_console) {               if (el_hist == NULL || el == NULL)                      ast_el_initialize();               if (!ast_strlen_zero(filename))                      ast_el_read_history(filename);        } /*设置和检查本地或远程终端的连接*/        if (ast_tryconnect()) {               /* One is already running */               if (ast_opt_remote) {                      if (ast_opt_exec) {                             ast_remotecontrol(xarg);                             quit_handler(0, 0, 0, 0);                             exit(0);                      }                      printf(term_quit());                      ast_remotecontrol(NULL);                      quit_handler(0, 0, 0, 0);                      exit(0);               } else {                      ast_log(LOG_ERROR, "Asterisk already running on %s.  Use 'asterisk -r' to connect./n", ast_config_AST_SOCKET);                      printf(term_quit());                      exit(1);               }        } else if (ast_opt_remote || ast_opt_exec) {               ast_log(LOG_ERROR, "Unable to connect to remote asterisk (does %s exist?)/n", ast_config_AST_SOCKET);               printf(term_quit());               exit(1);        }        /* Blindly write pid file since we couldn't connect */        unlink(ast_config_AST_PID);        f = fopen(ast_config_AST_PID, "w");        if (f) {               fprintf(f, "%ld/n", (long)getpid());               fclose(f);        } else               ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Unable to open pid file '%s': %s/n", ast_config_AST_PID, strerror(errno)); #if HAVE_WORKING_FORK        if (ast_opt_always_fork || !ast_opt_no_fork) { #ifndef HAVE_SBIN_LAUNCHD               daemon(1, 0);               ast_mainpid = getpid();               /* Blindly re-write pid file since we are forking */               unlink(ast_config_AST_PID);               f = fopen(ast_config_AST_PID, "w");               if (f) {                      fprintf(f, "%ld/n", (long)ast_mainpid);                      fclose(f);               } else                      ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Unable to open pid file '%s': %s/n", ast_config_AST_PID, strerror(errno)); #else               ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Mac OS X detected.  Use '/sbin/launchd -d' to launch with the nofork option./n"); #endif        } #endif        /* Test recursive mutex locking. */ /*测试线程安全，避免出现死锁*/        if (test_for_thread_safety())               ast_verbose("Warning! Asterisk is not thread safe./n"); /*创建用于和控制台交互的服务器端socket接口*/        ast_makesocket(); /*加入信号集，设置掩码，以及注册信号的相应handler */        sigemptyset(&sigs);        sigaddset(&sigs, SIGHUP);        sigaddset(&sigs, SIGTERM);        sigaddset(&sigs, SIGINT);        sigaddset(&sigs, SIGPIPE);        sigaddset(&sigs, SIGWINCH);        pthread_sigmask(SIG_BLOCK, &sigs, NULL);        signal(SIGURG, urg_handler);        signal(SIGINT, __quit_handler);        signal(SIGTERM, __quit_handler);        signal(SIGHUP, hup_handler);        signal(SIGCHLD, child_handler);        signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);        /* ensure that the random number generators are seeded with a different value every time           Asterisk is started        */ /*设置种子并初始化随机数发生器*/        srand((unsigned int) getpid() + (unsigned int) time(NULL));        initstate((unsigned int) getpid() * 65536 + (unsigned int) time(NULL), randompool, sizeof(randompool)); /*初始化日志模块*/        if (init_logger()) {               printf(term_quit());               exit(1);        } #ifdef HAVE_ZAPTEL        {               int fd;               int x = 160;               fd = open("/dev/zap/timer", O_RDWR);               if (fd >= 0) {                      if (ioctl(fd, ZT_TIMERCONFIG, &x)) {                             ast_log(LOG_ERROR, "You have Zaptel built and drivers loaded, but the Zaptel timer test failed to set ZT_TIMERCONFIG to %d./n", x);                             exit(1);                      }                      if ((x = ast_wait_for_input(fd, 300)) < 0) {                             ast_log(LOG_ERROR, "You have Zaptel built and drivers loaded, but the Zaptel timer could not be polled during the Zaptel timer test./n");                             exit(1);                      }                      if (!x) {                             const char zaptel_timer_error[] = {                                    "Asterisk has detected a problem with your Zaptel configuration and will shutdown for your protection.  You have options:"                                    "/n/t1. You only have to compile Zaptel support into Asterisk if you need it.  One option is to recompile without Zaptel support."                                    "/n/t2. You only have to load Zaptel drivers if you want to take advantage of Zaptel services.  One option is to unload zaptel modules if you don't need them."                                    "/n/t3. If you need Zaptel services, you must correctly configure Zaptel."                             };                             ast_log(LOG_ERROR, "%s/n", zaptel_timer_error);                             exit(1);                      }                      close(fd);               }        } #endif /*注册threadstorage show allocations和threadstorage show summary这两个命令*/        threadstorage_init();        astobj2_init();        ast_autoservice_init(); /*加载配置文件/etc/asterisk/modules.conf中标记为preload的模块，再去掉标记为noload的模块*/        if (load_modules(1)) {               printf(term_quit());               exit(1);        } /* DNS manager的初始化*/        if (dnsmgr_init()) {               printf(term_quit());               exit(1);        } /*配置http服务器*/        ast_http_init(); /*注册两个命令core show channeltypes和core show channeltype */        ast_channels_init(); /*注册管理命令*/        if (init_manager()) {               printf(term_quit());               exit(1);        } /*用来创建一个调度上下文以及注册相应的命令,然后用do_reload来读取配置文件cdr.conf和创建后台线程do_cdr */        if (ast_cdr_engine_init()) {               printf(term_quit());               exit(1);        } /*用来创建一个后台线程轮巡设备的状态，如果发生变化则及时通告*/        if (ast_device_state_engine_init()) {               printf(term_quit());               exit(1);        } /*注册rtp,rtcp,stun相关的CLI命令，然后调用ast_rtp_reload()读取配置文件rtp.conf，设置相关参数*/        ast_rtp_init(); /*注册udptl相关的CLI命令，然后调用ast_udptl_reload()读取配置文件udptl.conf，设置相关参数*/        ast_udptl_init(); /*注册core show image formats */        if (ast_image_init()) {               printf(term_quit());               exit(1);        } /*注册core show file formats */        if (ast_file_init()) {               printf(term_quit());               exit(1);        } /*注册dialplan相关的CLI命令，然后调用ast_register_application来注册所有的app */        if (load_pbx()) {               printf(term_quit());               exit(1);        } /*注册与codec相关的CLI命令*/        if (init_framer()) {               printf(term_quit());               exit(1);        } /*注册与database相关的CLI命令，然后再注册两个管理命令DBGet和DBPut */        if (astdb_init()) {               printf(term_quit());               exit(1);        } /*读取配置文件enum.conf，初始化支持ENUM(e164)的子系统*/        if (ast_enum_init()) {               printf(term_quit());               exit(1);        } /* load_modules(0)加载所有其它需要加载的动态链接库*/        if (load_modules(0)) {               printf(term_quit());               exit(1);        }        dnsmgr_start_refresh();        /* We might have the option of showing a console, but for now just           do nothing... */        if (ast_opt_console && !option_verbose)               ast_verbose(" ]/n");        if (option_verbose || ast_opt_console)               ast_verbose(term_color(tmp, "Asterisk Ready./n", COLOR_BRWHITE, COLOR_BLACK, sizeof(tmp)));        if (ast_opt_no_fork)               consolethread = pthread_self(); /*创建管道*/        if (pipe(sig_alert_pipe))               sig_alert_pipe[0] = sig_alert_pipe[1] = -1;        ast_set_flag(&ast_options, AST_OPT_FLAG_FULLY_BOOTED);        pthread_sigmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &sigs, NULL); #ifdef __AST_DEBUG_MALLOC        __ast_mm_init(); #endif           time(&ast_startuptime); /*注册asterisk相关的命令，比如stop,restart,halt等等*/        ast_cli_register_multiple(cli_asterisk, sizeof(cli_asterisk) / sizeof(struct ast_cli_entry));        if (ast_opt_console) {               /* Console stuff now... */               /* Register our quit function */               char title[256];               pthread_attr_t attr;               pthread_t dont_care; /*创建线程，轮询上面创建的sig_alert_pipe管道*/               pthread_attr_init(&attr);               pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);               ast_pthread_create(&dont_care, &attr, monitor_sig_flags, NULL);               pthread_attr_destroy(&attr);               set_icon("Asterisk");               snprintf(title, sizeof(title), "Asterisk Console on '%s' (pid %ld)", hostname, (long)ast_mainpid);               set_title(title); /*接收和处理控制台命令*/               for (;;) {                      buf = (char *)el_gets(el, &num);                      if (!buf && write(1, "", 1) < 0)                             goto lostterm;                      if (buf) {                             if (buf[strlen(buf)-1] == '/n')                                    buf[strlen(buf)-1] = '/0';                             consolehandler((char *)buf);                      } else if (ast_opt_remote && (write(STDOUT_FILENO, "/nUse EXIT or QUIT to exit the asterisk console/n",                                strlen("/nUse EXIT or QUIT to exit the asterisk console/n")) < 0)) {                             /* Whoa, stdout disappeared from under us... Make /dev/null's */                             int fd;                             fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);                             if (fd > -1) {                                    dup2(fd, S