GMM-UBM发展

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GMM-UBM (Gaussian Mixture Model - Universal Background Model) 是一种语音识别中常用的声纹识别方法。下面是一个简化的 GMM-UBM 的 C 代码示例: ```c #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <math.h> #define MAX_ITERATIONS 1000 #define MAX_COMPONENTS 16 #define FEATURE_DIMENSION 13 typedef struct { double mean[FEATURE_DIMENSION]; double covariance[FEATURE_DIMENSION][FEATURE_DIMENSION]; double weight; } Gaussian; typedef struct { int num_components; Gaussian components[MAX_COMPONENTS]; } GMM; void train_gmm_ubm(double features[][FEATURE_DIMENSION], int num_features, GMM *gmm) { int i, j, k, t; int num_iterations = 0; double log_likelihood = 0.0; double prev_log_likelihood = -INFINITY; double responsibilities[num_features][MAX_COMPONENTS]; // Initialize GMM parameters randomly for (i = 0; i < gmm->num_components; i++) { for (j = 0; j < FEATURE_DIMENSION; j++) { gmm->components[i].mean[j] = (rand() / (double)RAND_MAX) * 10.0; } for (j = 0; j < FEATURE_DIMENSION; j++) { for (k = 0; k < FEATURE_DIMENSION; k++) { gmm->components[i].covariance[j][k] = (rand() / (double)RAND_MAX) * 10.0; } } gmm->components[i].weight = 1.0 / gmm->num_components; } while (num_iterations < MAX_ITERATIONS && log_likelihood - prev_log_likelihood > 0.01) { prev_log_likelihood = log_likelihood; log_likelihood = 0.0; // Expectation step: calculate responsibilities for (t = 0; t < num_features; t++) { double sum = 0.0; for (i = 0; i < gmm->num_components; i++) { double exponent = 0.0; double determinant = 1.0; // Calculate Mahalanobis distance for (j = 0; j < FEATURE_DIMENSION; j++) { for (k = 0; k < FEATURE_DIMENSION; k++) { determinant *= gmm->components[i].covariance[j][k]; } exponent += (features[t][j] - gmm->components[i].mean[j]) * (features[t][j] - gmm->components[i].mean[j]) / gmm->components[i].covariance[j][j]; } responsibilities[t][i] = gmm->components[i].weight * exp(-0.5 * exponent) / sqrt(pow(2 * M_PI, FEATURE_DIMENSION) * determinant); sum += responsibilities[t][i]; } // Normalize responsibilities for (i = 0; i < gmm->num_components; i++) { responsibilities[t][i] /= sum; } log_likelihood += log(sum); } // Maximization step: update GMM parameters for (i = 0; i < gmm->num_components; i++) { double total_weight = 0.0; // Update mean for (j = 0; j < FEATURE_DIMENSION; j++) { double weighted_sum = 0.0; for (t = 0; t < num_features; t++) { weighted_sum += responsibilities[t][i] * features[t][j]; } gmm->components[i].mean[j] = weighted_sum / sum; } // Update covariance for (j = 0; j < FEATURE_DIMENSION; j++) { for (k = 0; k < FEATURE_DIMENSION; k++) { double weighted_sum = 0.0; for (t = 0; t < num_features; t++) { weighted_sum += responsibilities[t][i] * (features[t][j] - gmm->components[i].mean[j]) * (features[t][k] - gmm->components[i].mean[k]); } gmm->components[i].covariance[j][k] = weighted_sum / sum; } } // Update weight for (t = 0; t < num_features; t++) { total_weight += responsibilities[t][i]; } gmm->components[i].weight = total_weight / num_features; } num_iterations++; } } int main() { // Example usage of GMM-UBM training double features[100][FEATURE_DIMENSION]; int num_features = 100; GMM gmm; // Load features from dataset // Train GMM-UBM model gmm.num_components = 4; train_gmm_ubm(features, num_features, &gmm); return 0; } ``` 上述代码是一个简单的 GMM-UBM 训练的示例,其中包含了期望最大化 (EM) 算法的实现。你可以将训练数据加载到 `features` 数组中,并按需设置 GMM 组件的数量和特征维度。代码中的注释提供了更详细的解释。请注意,这只是一个简化版本的代码,实际应用中可能需要进行更多的参数调整和优化。
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