VB.NET and C# 的语法区别举例

VB.NET 和 C# 都是微软公司推出的基于.NET 平台的编程语言，两者没有本质的区别，甚至有非常多的相似之处，下面的文章就向您展示了两者在编程习惯和语法上的区别：
文章出处：http://blog.csdn.net/snlei/article/details/2112778

VB.NET and C# Comparison
This is a quick reference guide to highlight some key syntactical differences between VB.NET (version 2) and C#. Hope you find this useful!
Thank you to Tom Shelton, Fergus Cooney, Steven Swafford, Gjuro Kladaric, and others for your contributions. 
Also see Java and C# Comparison.

Program Structure Comments  Data Types  Constants  Enumerations

Operators Choices  Loops  Arrays  Functions

Strings  Exception Handling Namespaces  Classes / Interfaces  Constructors / Destructors

Using Objects  Structs Properties  Delegates / Events  Console I/O  File I/O

VB.NET Program Structure C#
Imports System  Namespace Hello    Class HelloWorld        Overloads Shared Sub Main(ByVal args() As String)           Dim name As String = "VB.NET"           'See if an argument was passed from the command line           If args.Length = 1 Then name = args(0)            Console.WriteLine("Hello, " & name & "!")        End Sub     End Class  End Namespace	using System;  namespace Hello {    public class HelloWorld {       public static void Main(string[] args) {          string name = "C#";          // See if an argument was passed from the command line          if (args.Length == 1)             name = args[0];          Console.WriteLine("Hello, " + name + "!");       }    } }
VB.NET Comments C#
' Single line only REM Single line only ''' <summary>XML comments</summary>	// Single line /* Multiple     line  */ /// <summary>XML comments on single line</summary> /** <summary>XML comments on multiple lines</summary> */
VB.NET Data Types C#
Value Types Boolean Byte, SByte Char Short, UShort, Integer, UInteger, Long, ULong Single, Double Decimal Date Reference Types Object String Initializing Dim correct As Boolean = True Dim b As Byte = &H2A   'hex Dim o As Byte = &O52   'octal Dim person As Object = Nothing Dim name As String = "Dwight" Dim grade As Char = "B"c Dim today As Date = #12/31/2007 12:15:00 PM# Dim amount As Decimal = 35.99@ Dim gpa As Single = 2.9! Dim pi As Double = 3.14159265 Dim lTotal As Long = 123456L Dim sTotal As Short = 123S Dim usTotal As UShort = 123US Dim uiTotal As UInteger = 123UI Dim ulTotal As ULong = 123UL Type Information Dim x As Integer  Console.WriteLine(x.GetType())          ' Prints System.Int32  Console.WriteLine(GetType(Integer))   ' Prints System.Int32  Console.WriteLine(TypeName(x))        ' Prints Integer Type Conversion Dim d As Single = 3.5  Dim i As Integer = CType(d, Integer)   ' set to 4 (Banker's rounding) i = CInt(d)  ' same result as CType i = Int(d)    ' set to 3 (Int function truncates the decimal)	Value Types bool byte, sbyte char short, ushort, int, uint, long, ulong float, double decimal DateTime   (not a built-in C# type) Reference Types object string Initializing bool correct = true; byte b = 0x2A;   // hex object person = null; string name = "Dwight"; char grade = 'B'; DateTime today = DateTime.Parse("12/31/2007 12:15:00"); decimal amount = 35.99m; float gpa = 2.9f; double pi = 3.14159265; long lTotal = 123456L; short sTotal = 123; ushort usTotal = 123; uint uiTotal = 123; ulong ulTotal = 123; Type Information int x; Console.WriteLine(x.GetType());              // Prints System.Int32 Console.WriteLine(typeof(int));               // Prints System.Int32  Console.WriteLine(x.GetType().Name);   // prints Int32 Type Conversion  float d = 3.5f;  int i = (int)d;   // set to 3  (truncates decimal)
VB.NET Constants C#
Const MAX_STUDENTS As Integer = 25 ' Can set to a const or var; may be initialized in a constructor ReadOnly MIN_DIAMETER As Single = 4.93	const int MAX_STUDENTS = 25; // Can set to a const or var; may be initialized in a constructor  readonly float MIN_DIAMETER = 4.93f;
VB.NET Enumerations C#
Enum Action    Start    [Stop]   ' Stop is a reserved word   Rewind    Forward  End Enum  Enum Status    Flunk = 50    Pass = 70    Excel = 90  End Enum Dim a As Action = Action.Stop  If a <> Action.Start Then _     Console.WriteLine(a.ToString & " is " & a)     ' Prints "Stop is 1"  Console.WriteLine(Status.Pass)     ' Prints 70  Console.WriteLine(Status.Pass.ToString())     ' Prints Pass	enum Action {Start, Stop, Rewind, Forward}; enum Status {Flunk = 50, Pass = 70, Excel = 90}; Action a = Action.Stop; if (a != Action.Start)   Console.WriteLine(a + " is " + (int) a);    // Prints "Stop is 1" Console.WriteLine((int) Status.Pass);    // Prints 70  Console.WriteLine(Status.Pass);      // Prints Pass
VB.NET Operators C#
Comparison =  <  >  <=  >=  <> Arithmetic +  -  *  / Mod /  (integer division) ^  (raise to a power) Assignment =  +=  -=  *=  /=  /=  ^=  <<=  >>=  &= Bitwise And   Or   Xor   Not   <<   >> Logical AndAlso   OrElse   And   Or   Xor   Not Note: AndAlso and OrElse perform short-circuit logical evaluations String Concatenation &	Comparison ==  <  >  <=  >=  != Arithmetic +  -  *  / %  (mod) /  (integer division if both operands are ints) Math.Pow(x, y) Assignment =  +=  -=  *=  /=   %=  &=  |=  ^=  <<=  >>=  ++  -- Bitwise &   |   ^   ~   <<   >> Logical &&   ||   &   |   ^   ! Note: && and || perform short-circuit logical evaluations String Concatenation +
VB.NET Choices C#
greeting = IIf(age < 20, "What's up?", "Hello") ' One line doesn't require "End If" If age < 20 Then greeting = "What's up?"  If age < 20 Then greeting = "What's up?" Elsegreeting = "Hello" ' Use : to put two commands on same line If x <> 100 And y < 5 Then x *= 5 : y *= 2   ' Preferred If x <> 100 And y < 5 Then   x *= 5    y *= 2 End If ' To break up any long single line use _ If whenYouHaveAReally < longLine And _    itNeedsToBeBrokenInto2 > Lines Then _   UseTheUnderscore(charToBreakItUp) 'If x > 5 Then    x *= y  ElseIf x = 5 Then    x += y  ElseIf x < 10 Then    x -= y  Else    x /= y  End If Select Case color   ' Must be a primitive data type   Case "pink", "red"     r += 1    Case "blue"      b += 1    Case "green"      g += 1    Case Else      other += 1  End Select	greeting = age < 20 ? "What's up?" : "Hello"; if (age < 20)   greeting = "What's up?"; else   greeting = "Hello"; // Multiple statements must be enclosed in {} if (x != 100 && y < 5) {      x *= 5;   y *= 2; } No need for _ or : since ; is used to terminate each statement. if (x > 5)    x *= y;  else if (x == 5)    x += y;  else if (x < 10)    x -= y;  else    x /= y; // Every case must end with break or goto case  switch (color) {                          // Must be integer or string   case "pink":   case "red":    r++;    break;    case "blue":   b++;   break;   case "green": g++;   break;   default:    other++;   break;       // break necessary on default }
VB.NET Loops C#
Pre-test Loops: While c < 10    c += 1  End While Do Until c = 10    c += 1  Loop Do While c < 10    c += 1  Loop For c = 2 To 10 Step 2    Console.WriteLine(c)  Next Post-test Loops: Do    c += 1  Loop While c < 10 Do    c += 1  Loop Until c = 10 '  Array or collection looping Dim names As String() = {"Fred", "Sue", "Barney"}  For Each s As String In names    Console.WriteLine(s)  Next ' Breaking out of loops Dim i As Integer = 0 While (True)   If (i = 5) Then Exit While   i += 1 End While  ' Continue to next iteration For i = 0 To 4   If i < 4 Then Continue For   Console.WriteLine(i)   ' Only prints 4 Next	Pre-test Loops:   // no "until" keyword while (c < 10)    c++; for (c = 2; c <= 10; c += 2)    Console.WriteLine(c); Post-test Loop: do    c++;  while (c < 10); // Array or collection looping string[] names = {"Fred", "Sue", "Barney"}; foreach (string s in names)   Console.WriteLine(s); // Breaking out of loops int i = 0; while (true) {   if (i == 5)     break;   i++; } // Continue to next iteration for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {   if (i < 4)     continue;   Console.WriteLine(i);   // Only prints 4 }
VB.NET Arrays C#
Dim nums() As Integer = {1, 2, 3}  For i As Integer = 0 To nums.Length - 1    Console.WriteLine(nums(i))  Next  ' 4 is the index of the last element, so it holds 5 elements Dim names(4) As String  names(0) = "David" names(5) = "Bobby"  ' Throws System.IndexOutOfRangeException  ' Resize the array, keeping the existing values (Preserve is optional) ReDim Preserve names(6) Dim twoD(rows-1, cols-1) As Single  twoD(2, 0) = 4.5 Dim jagged()() As Integer = { _    New Integer(4) {}, New Integer(1) {}, New Integer(2) {} }  jagged(0)(4) = 5	int[] nums = {1, 2, 3}; for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length; i++)   Console.WriteLine(nums[i]); // 5 is the size of the array string[] names = new string[5]; names[0] = "David"; names[5] = "Bobby";   // Throws System.IndexOutOfRangeException  // C# can't dynamically resize an array.  Just copy into new array. string[] names2 = new string[7];  Array.Copy(names, names2, names.Length);   // or names.CopyTo(names2, 0);  float[,] twoD = new float[rows, cols]; twoD[2,0] = 4.5f;  int[][] jagged = new int[3][] {    new int[5], new int[2], new int[3] }; jagged[0][4] = 5;
VB.NET Functions C#
' Pass by value (in, default), reference (in/out), and reference (out)   Sub TestFunc(ByVal x As Integer, ByRef y As Integer, ByRef z As Integer)   x += 1   y += 1    z = 5  End Sub Dim a = 1, b = 1, c As Integer   ' c set to zero by default   TestFunc(a, b, c)  Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2}", a, b, c)   ' 1 2 5 ' Accept variable number of arguments  Function Sum(ByVal ParamArray nums As Integer()) As Integer    Sum = 0     For Each i As Integer In nums      Sum += i    Next  End Function   ' Or use Return statement like C# Dim total As Integer = Sum(4, 3, 2, 1)   ' returns 10 ' Optional parameters must be listed last and must have a default value  Sub SayHello(ByVal name As String, Optional ByVal prefix As String = "")   Console.WriteLine("Greetings, " & prefix & " " & name)  End Sub SayHello("Strangelove", "Dr.") SayHello("Madonna")	// Pass by value (in, default), reference (in/out), and reference (out) void TestFunc(int x, ref int y, out int z) {   x++;     y++;   z = 5; } int a = 1, b = 1, c;  // c doesn't need initializing TestFunc(a, ref b, out c); Console.WriteLine("{0} {1} {2}", a, b, c);  // 1 2 5 // Accept variable number of arguments int Sum(params int[] nums) {   int sum = 0;   foreach (int i in nums)     sum += i;   return sum; } int total = Sum(4, 3, 2, 1);   // returns 10 /* C# doesn't support optional arguments/parameters.  Just create two different versions of the same function. */   void SayHello(string name, string prefix) {   Console.WriteLine("Greetings, " + prefix + " " + name); }  void SayHello(string name) {    SayHello(name, "");  }
VB.NET Strings C#
Special character constants vbCrLf, vbCr, vbLf, vbNewLine  vbNullString  vbTab  vbBack  vbFormFeed  vbVerticalTab "" ' String concatenation (use & or +)  Dim school As String = "Harding" & vbTab school = school & "University" ' school is "Harding (tab) University" ' Chars Dim letter As Char = school.Chars(0)   ' letter is H  letter = Convert.ToChar(65)                ' letter is A  letter = Chr(65)                                 ' same thing  Dim word() As Char = school.ToCharArray() ' word holds Harding ' No string literal operator   Dim msg As String = "File is c:/temp/x.dat"  ' String comparison Dim mascot As String = "Bisons" If (mascot = "Bisons") Then   ' true If (mascot.Equals("Bisons")) Then   ' true If (mascot.ToUpper().Equals("BISONS")) Then  ' true If (mascot.CompareTo("Bisons") = 0) Then   ' true Console.WriteLine(mascot.Substring(2, 3)) ' Prints "son" ' String matching If ("John 3:16" Like "Jo[Hh]? #:*") Then   'true  Imports System.Text.RegularExpressions   ' More powerful than Like Dim r As New Regex("Jo[hH]. /d:*") If (r.Match("John 3:16").Success) Then   'true ' My birthday: Oct 12, 1973 Dim dt As New DateTime(1973, 10, 12) Dim s As String = "My birthday: " & dt.ToString("MMM dd, yyyy") ' Mutable string  Dim buffer As New System.Text.StringBuilder("two ") buffer.Append("three ") buffer.Insert(0, "one ") buffer.Replace("two", "TWO") Console.WriteLine(buffer)         ' Prints "one TWO three"	Escape sequences /r    // carriage-return /n    // line-feed /t    // tab //    // backslash /"    // quote  // String concatenation string school = "Harding/t";  school = school + "University";   // school is "Harding (tab) University" // Chars char letter = school[0];            // letter is H  letter = Convert.ToChar(65);     // letter is A  letter = (char)65;                    // same thing  char[] word = school.ToCharArray();   // word holds Harding // String literal  string msg = @"File is c:/temp/x.dat";  // same as  string msg = "File is c://temp//x.dat";  // String comparison string mascot = "Bisons";  if (mascot == "Bisons")    // true if (mascot.Equals("Bisons"))   // true if (mascot.ToUpper().Equals("BISONS"))   // true if (mascot.CompareTo("Bisons") == 0)    // true Console.WriteLine(mascot.Substring(2, 3));    // Prints "son" // String matching // No Like equivalent - use regular expressions  using System.Text.RegularExpressions; Regex r = new Regex(@"Jo[hH]. /d:*"); if (r.Match("John 3:16").Success)   // true // My birthday: Oct 12, 1973 DateTime dt = new DateTime(1973, 10, 12); string s = "My birthday: " + dt.ToString("MMM dd, yyyy"); // Mutable string  System.Text.StringBuilder buffer = new System.Text.StringBuilder("two ");  buffer.Append("three ");  buffer.Insert(0, "one ");  buffer.Replace("two", "TWO");  Console.WriteLine(buffer);     // Prints "one TWO three"
VB.NET Exception Handling C#
' Throw an exception Dim ex As New Exception("Something is really wrong.")  Throw  ex  ' Catch an exception Try    y = 0   x = 10 / y Catch ex As Exception When y = 0 ' Argument and When is optional   Console.WriteLine(ex.Message)  Finally    Beep()  End Try ' Deprecated unstructured error handling On Error GoTo MyErrorHandler ... MyErrorHandler: Console.WriteLine(Err.Description)	// Throw an exception Exception up = new Exception("Something is really wrong.");  throw up;  // ha ha // Catch an exception try {    y = 0;    x = 10 / y;  }  catch (Exception ex) {   // Argument is optional, no "When" keyword    Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);  }  finally {    // Requires reference to the Microsoft.VisualBasic.dll    // assembly (pre .NET Framework v2.0)    Microsoft.VisualBasic.Interaction.Beep();  }
VB.NET Namespaces C#
Namespace Harding.Compsci.Graphics    ... End Namespace ' or Namespace Harding    Namespace Compsci      Namespace Graphics        ...     End Namespace    End Namespace  End Namespace Imports Harding.Compsci.Graphics	namespace Harding.Compsci.Graphics {   ... } // or namespace Harding {   namespace Compsci {     namespace Graphics {       ...     }   } } using Harding.Compsci.Graphics;
VB.NET Classes / Interfaces C#
Accessibility keywords  Public Private Friend                     Protected Protected Friend Shared ' Inheritance Class FootballGame   Inherits Competition   ... End Class  ' Interface definition Interface IAlarmClock    ... End Interface // Extending an interface  Interface IAlarmClock    Inherits IClock   ... End Interface // Interface implementation Class WristWatch    Implements IAlarmClock, ITimer     ... End Class	Accessibility keywords  public private internal protected protected internal static // Inheritance class FootballGame : Competition {   ... } // Interface definition interface IAlarmClock {   ... } // Extending an interface  interface IAlarmClock : IClock {   ... } // Interface implementation class WristWatch : IAlarmClock, ITimer {    ... }
VB.NET Constructors / Destructors C#
Class SuperHero   Private _powerLevel As Integer    Public Sub New()      _powerLevel = 0    End Sub    Public Sub New(ByVal powerLevel As Integer)      Me._powerLevel = powerLevel    End Sub   Protected Overrides Sub Finalize()     ' Desctructor code to free unmanaged resources      MyBase.Finalize()    End Sub End Class	class SuperHero {   private int _powerLevel;   public SuperHero() {      _powerLevel = 0;   }   public SuperHero(int powerLevel) {     this._powerLevel= powerLevel;    }   ~SuperHero() {     // Destructor code to free unmanaged resources.     // Implicitly creates a Finalize method   } }
VB.NET Using Objects C#
Dim hero As SuperHero = New SuperHero ' or Dim hero As New SuperHero With hero    .Name = "SpamMan"    .PowerLevel = 3  End With  hero.Defend("Laura Jones")  hero.Rest()     ' Calling Shared method ' or SuperHero.Rest() Dim hero2 As SuperHero = hero  ' Both reference the same object  hero2.Name = "WormWoman"  Console.WriteLine(hero.Name)   ' Prints WormWoman hero = Nothing    ' Free the object If hero Is Nothing Then _    hero = New SuperHero Dim obj As Object = New SuperHero  If TypeOf obj Is SuperHero Then _   Console.WriteLine("Is a SuperHero object.") ' Mark object for quick disposal Using reader As StreamReader = File.OpenText("test.txt")   Dim line As String = reader.ReadLine()   While Not line Is Nothing     Console.WriteLine(line)     line = reader.ReadLine()   End While End Using	SuperHero hero = new SuperHero();  // No "With" construct hero.Name = "SpamMan";  hero.PowerLevel = 3;  hero.Defend("Laura Jones"); SuperHero.Rest();   // Calling static method SuperHero hero2 = hero;   // Both reference the same object  hero2.Name = "WormWoman";  Console.WriteLine(hero.Name);   // Prints WormWoman hero = null ;   // Free the object if (hero == null)   hero = new SuperHero(); Object obj = new SuperHero();  if (obj is SuperHero)    Console.WriteLine("Is a SuperHero object."); // Mark object for quick disposal using (StreamReader reader = File.OpenText("test.txt")) {   string line;   while ((line = reader.ReadLine()) != null)     Console.WriteLine(line); }
VB.NET Structs C#
Structure StudentRecord    Public name As String    Public gpa As Single    Public Sub New(ByVal name As String, ByVal gpa As Single)      Me.name = name      Me.gpa = gpa    End Sub  End Structure Dim stu As StudentRecord = New StudentRecord("Bob", 3.5)  Dim stu2 As StudentRecord = stu    stu2.name = "Sue"  Console.WriteLine(stu.name)    ' Prints Bob  Console.WriteLine(stu2.name)  ' Prints Sue	struct StudentRecord {   public string name;   public float gpa;   public StudentRecord(string name, float gpa) {     this.name = name;     this.gpa = gpa;   } } StudentRecord stu = new StudentRecord("Bob", 3.5f); StudentRecord stu2 = stu;   stu2.name = "Sue"; Console.WriteLine(stu.name);    // Prints Bob Console.WriteLine(stu2.name);   // Prints Sue
VB.NET Properties C#
Private _size As Integer Public Property Size() As Integer   Get      Return _size    End Get    Set (ByVal Value As Integer)      If Value < 0 Then        _size = 0      Else        _size = Value      End If    End Set  End Property foo.Size += 1	private int _size; public int Size {    get {      return _size;    }    set {      if (value < 0)        _size = 0;      else        _size = value;    }  } foo.Size++;
VB.NET Delegates / Events C#
Delegate Sub MsgArrivedEventHandler(ByVal message As String) Event MsgArrivedEvent As MsgArrivedEventHandler ' or to define an event which declares a delegate implicitly Event MsgArrivedEvent(ByVal message As String) AddHandler MsgArrivedEvent, AddressOfMy_MsgArrivedCallback  ' Won't throw an exception if obj is Nothing RaiseEvent MsgArrivedEvent("Test message")  RemoveHandler MsgArrivedEvent, AddressOfMy_MsgArrivedCallback Imports System.Windows.Forms Dim WithEvents MyButton As Button   ' WithEvents can't be used on local variable MyButton = New Button Private Sub MyButton_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _   ByVal e As System.EventArgs) HandlesMyButton.Click    MessageBox.Show(Me, "Button was clicked", "Info", _     MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information)  End Sub	delegate void MsgArrivedEventHandler(string message); event MsgArrivedEventHandler MsgArrivedEvent; // Delegates must be used with events in C# MsgArrivedEvent += new MsgArrivedEventHandler(My_MsgArrivedEventCallback); MsgArrivedEvent("Test message");    // Throws exception if obj is null MsgArrivedEvent -= new MsgArrivedEventHandler(My_MsgArrivedEventCallback); using System.Windows.Forms; Button MyButton = new Button();  MyButton.Click += new System.EventHandler(MyButton_Click); private void MyButton_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) {    MessageBox.Show(this, "Button was clicked", "Info",      MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);  }
VB.NET Console I/O C#
Console.Write("What's your name? ")  Dim name As String = Console.ReadLine()  Console.Write("How old are you? ")  Dim age As Integer = Val(Console.ReadLine())  Console.WriteLine("{0} is {1} years old.", name, age)   ' or  Console.WriteLine(name & " is " & age & " years old.") Dim c As Integer  c = Console.Read()    ' Read single char  Console.WriteLine(c)   ' Prints 65 if user enters "A"	Console.Write("What's your name? "); string name = Console.ReadLine(); Console.Write("How old are you? "); int age = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()); Console.WriteLine("{0} is {1} years old.", name, age); // or Console.WriteLine(name + " is " + age + " years old."); int c = Console.Read();  // Read single char Console.WriteLine(c);    // Prints 65 if user enters "A"
VB.NET File I/O C#
Imports System.IO ' Write out to text file Dim writer As StreamWriter = File.CreateText("c:/myfile.txt")  writer.WriteLine("Out to file.")  writer.Close() ' Read all lines from text file Dim reader As StreamReader = File.OpenText("c:/myfile.txt")  Dim line As String = reader.ReadLine()  While Not line Is Nothing    Console.WriteLine(line)    line = reader.ReadLine()  End While  reader.Close() ' Write out to binary file Dim str As String = "Text data"  Dim num As Integer = 123  Dim binWriter As NewBinaryWriter(File.OpenWrite("c:/myfile.dat"))   binWriter.Write(str)   binWriter.Write(num)  binWriter.Close() ' Read from binary file Dim binReader As NewBinaryReader(File.OpenRead("c:/myfile.dat"))  str = binReader.ReadString()  num = binReader.ReadInt32()  binReader.Close()	using System.IO; // Write out to text file StreamWriter writer = File.CreateText("c://myfile.txt");  writer.WriteLine("Out to file.");  writer.Close(); // Read all lines from text file StreamReader reader = File.OpenText("c://myfile.txt");  string line = reader.ReadLine();  while (line != null) {   Console.WriteLine(line);    line = reader.ReadLine();  }  reader.Close(); // Write out to binary file string str = "Text data";  int num = 123;  BinaryWriter binWriter = new BinaryWriter(File.OpenWrite("c://myfile.dat"));  binWriter.Write(str);  binWriter.Write(num);  binWriter.Close(); // Read from binary file BinaryReader binReader = new BinaryReader(File.OpenRead("c://myfile.dat"));  str = binReader.ReadString();  num = binReader.ReadInt32();  binReader.Close();