装饰器模式

1 基本概念：
向一个现有的对象添加新的功能，同时又不改变其结构。在保证类方法签名完整性的前提下，提供额外的功能。

2 优点：装饰类和被装饰类可以独立发展，不会相互耦合，装饰模式是继承的一个替代模式， 可以动态扩展一个类的功能

3 缺点:多层装饰比较复杂。

使用场景：扩展一个类的功能；动态增加功能，动态撤销

样例：
创建一个接口：
public interface Shape {
void draw();
}

创建实现接口的实体类。
public class Rectangle implements Shape {

@Override
public void draw() {
System.out.println(“Shape: Rectangle”);
}
}

public class Circle implements Shape {

@Override
public void draw() {
System.out.println(“Shape: Circle”);
}
}

创建实现了 Shape 接口的抽象装饰类。
public abstract class ShapeDecorator implements Shape {
protected Shape decoratedShape;

public ShapeDecorator(Shape decoratedShape){
this.decoratedShape = decoratedShape;
}

public void draw(){
decoratedShape.draw();
}
}
创建扩展了 ShapeDecorator 类的实体装饰类。
public class RedShapeDecorator extends ShapeDecorator {

public RedShapeDecorator(Shape decoratedShape) {
super(decoratedShape);
}

@Override
public void draw() {
decoratedShape.draw();
setRedBorder(decoratedShape);
}

private void setRedBorder(Shape decoratedShape){
System.out.println(“Border Color: Red”);
}
}

使用 RedShapeDecorator 来装饰 Shape 对象。
public class DecoratorPatternDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {

Shape circle = new Circle();
ShapeDecorator redCircle = new RedShapeDecorator(new Circle());
ShapeDecorator redRectangle = new RedShapeDecorator(new Rectangle());
//Shape redCircle = new RedShapeDecorator(new Circle());
//Shape redRectangle = new RedShapeDecorator(new Rectangle());
System.out.println(“Circle with normal border”);
circle.draw();

System.out.println("\nCircle of red border");
redCircle.draw();

System.out.println("\nRectangle of red border");
redRectangle.draw();
}
}

/**输出结果
Circle with normal border
Shape: Circle

Circle of red border
Shape: Circle
Border Color: Red

Rectangle of red border
Shape: Rectangle
Border Color: Red